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Tandem Fabry -Perot Spectrometer SQUEAN: S pectrometer for QU asar in EA rly u N iverse. Presented at The 2 nd Survey Science Group Workshop, High1 Resort on 2012 Feb 14 by Soojong Pak (Kyung Hee University). Classification of Spectrometers. Types of Dispersing Elements. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Tandem Fabry-Perot Spectrometer
SQUEAN: Spectrometer for QUasar in EArly uNiverse
Presented at
The 2nd Survey Science Group Workshop, High1 Resort on
2012 Feb 14 by
Soojong Pak (Kyung Hee University)
Classification of Spectrome-ters
Types of Dispersing Elements
Mechanism Type Image
refraction Prism Spec.Slit(1D)diffraction,
interference Grating Spec.
reflection,interference
Fourier Transform Spec. Imaging
(2D)Fabry-Perot Spec.
Slit Sp. vs. Imaging Sp.
Imaging Spectrome-ter
W
L
SpatialSpectral
To p V ie w
S id e V iew
d
Slit Spectrometer
DATA Format
Spatial Direction
Spec
tral D
irect
ion
Spatial Direction
Spec
tral D
irect
ion
Spatial Direction
Spat
ial D
irec
tion
Spatial Direction
Imaging Spectrome-ter
Slit Spectrometer
Other Kinds of Imaging Spectrometer: Integral Field Unit
Other Kinds of Imaging Spectrometer:Multi-Object Spectrometer
What is Fabry-Perot Spectrometer?
FinesseRRF
1
Fabry-Perot Parameters
oo md cos2Path Difference
)cos2(sin)1(41
)1(),,,(2
2
2
d
RR
RTI
dI
Profile Instrument
d
m = 1 2 3 ….
Basic Etalon Equations• Conventions
– : Spectral Resolution– We assumed that the incident angle is zero, and the mirror space is in vacuum, – It is convenient to use wave numbers, .– : mirror distance for at order m– : Free Spectral Range in units of wave number– : Corresponding mirror distance for FSR at m– : Full Width at Half Maximum of the instrument profile in units of wavelength– : Corresponding mirror distance for
• Etalon Equations
Simulated Spectra
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0.1000 0.1200 0.1400 0.1600 0.1800 0.20001/wavelength [1/um]
Relat
ive In
tensity
10 um 5 um
m=10m=9m=8 m=11 m=12 m=13m=7
FSR
Δ 𝜆𝐹𝑆𝑅=𝜆𝑚+1 −𝜆𝑚=1
2𝑑=𝜆𝑚=
1𝑚 𝜆
Simulated Spectra
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0.1000 0.1200 0.1400 0.1600 0.1800 0.20001/wavelength [1/um]
Relat
ive In
tensity
10 um 5 um
Order Sorting Filter
Simulated Spectra
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0.1000 0.1200 0.1400 0.1600 0.1800 0.20001/wavelength [1/um]
Relat
ive In
tensity
10 um 5 um
Order Sorting Method of Tandem Fabry-Perot
Telescope
Collimator Camera LensDetector
FP-A(m=20)
FP-B(m=250)
Disadvantage of FPSpatial Direction
Spec
tral D
irect
ion
Spatial Direction
Spec
tral D
irect
ion
Spatial Direction
Spat
ial D
irec
tion
Spatial Direction
Takes Long Time for Wide Spectral Band
Advantage of FPSpatial Direction
Spec
tral D
irect
ion
Spatial Direction
Spec
tral D
irect
ion
Spatial Direction
Spat
ial D
irec
tion
Spatial Direction
Takes Many Targets for Short Spectral Band
Suggested Fabry-Perot Spectrometer
Specifications
• Target Emission Lines at Optical Bands– [OII] 372.7nm– H 486.1nm– [O III] 495.9 500.7nm
– H 656.2 nm– [SII] 671.6 673.1 nm
• Spectral Resolutions– The spectral resolution R = Finesse X m,
where Finesses comes from the FP mirrors reflectivity and the order of interference, m, from the mirrors distance.
– If Finesse=40 and m=50-250, we can expect that R = 2000 – 10000• FOV (in case we use CQUEAN CCD)
– 13 um 1024 X 1024– Total FOV 5 X 5 arcmin with 0.27 arcsec/pixel
Sciences (1/2)
• Emission Lines of Star Forming Regions in the Galaxy (Soojong Pak)
• Emission Lines of Star Forming Regions in the nearby galaxies (Luis Ho suggested)
• Emission Lines of Merging AGNs (Julia Comerford suggested)– Ref. Comerford et al. 2012, ApJ, 753, 42, Kpc-Scale Spatial Offsets in Double-
Peaked Narrow-Line AGN. I– Ref. Liu et al. 2011, ApJ, 737, 101, AGN Pairs from the SDSS. I.
• Narrow Emission Line Survey of Galaxies at z=1.– H_beta 486nm, [OII] 372.7nm– Ref. Glazebrook et al. 2004, AJ, 128, 2652, Cosmic Star Formation History to
z=1 from Narrow Emission Line Selected Tunable Filter Survey
Sciences (2/2)
• Dark Matter in Globular Clusters (Karl Gebhardt)– 1000 Stellar velocities at the edges of the visible clusters in order to constrain the
dark matter distributions.– R=10000 for velocity accuracy of 1 km/s– m_R = 20 – 21 mag
• Chemical Composition Studies in Globular Cluster (Chris Sneden)– a search for (the rare) Li-rich giant stars. The Li I resonance line is at
6708A– characterizing Na variations in clusters. One could choose Na D lines,
but probably I would be happier with one of the 5680A doublet lines.– searching for Ba abundance variations. Probably the 6496A or 6141A
lines are best.– finding out the level of metallicity variations as a function of evolution-
ary state. One could use one of the Ca IR triplet lines, for example.
2011-02-08 2011 IR Workshop
McDonald Observatory
Otto Struve 2.1m tele-scope
CQUEAN at 2.1m telescope
2011-02-08 2011 IR Workshop
Control PC
Guide CCD field rotator
Guide CCD
Science CCD
Motor for guide CCD field rotator
Filter Wheel
Science CCD Camera (Andor iKon-M 934 BR-
DD)
2011-02-08 2011 IR Workshop
CCD E2V Deep Depletion Chip
Pixels 1024 x 1024, 13μm
Readout Speed
2.5 MHz (0.4 sec)1 MHz (1 sec)50 kHz (20 sec)
QE Better than 25% at 1 μm
Fringe NoneRD Noise
(Measured) 8.1 electrons/pixel
Possible Designs of Tandem Fabry-Perot
FP-A(m=20)
FP-B(m=250)
Serial Configuration of 2 etalons
Integrated Configuration of 3 mirrors
Etalon Specifications for Tandem Fabry-Perot
• Basic Specifications– We use two etalons for high spectral resolution (ET-H) and low spectral resolution
(ET-L). – The ET-L will sort the overlapped orders of ET-H. – We also need broad band filters for the overlapped orders of ET-L. – The mirror sets and housing of ET-H and ET-L are identical. The only difference is
the mirror distances.
• Etalon Specs
Etalon Finesse [nm] m R d [nm]
ET-H 15 650 250 3750 81,250 2.60 325 0.17 21.7
ET-L 15 650 20 300 6,500 32.5 325 2.17 21.7
ET-H 40 650 250 10000 81,250 2.60 325 0.065 8.1
ET-L 40 650 20 800 6,500 32.5 325 0.813 8.1
Fore-Optics Design
• We need collimator units and camera units • before and after the Fabry-Perot.
Telescope
Collimator Camera LensDetector
FP-A(m=150)
FP-B(m=10)
Fore-Optics Design with Traditional Lens System
Example from CQUEAN Focal Reducer
Fore-Optics Design with Off-Axis Mirrors
• We can apply the off-axis mirror design of Dr. Seunghyuk Chang.
The mirrors of a confocal system do not need to have a common axis for a perfect image at the system focus
Eccentric section of an on-axis parent system
Re-imaging Optics for KASINICS(cf. Offner System)
Schwartzschild-Chang Type Telescope
- from "Inverse Cassegrain" -
on-axis(Schwartzschild Type)
off-axis (Schwartzschild-Chang Type)D=50mm, F/D=2 et al. 2011
(Kim, Pak, Chang et al. 2010)
paraboloid
ellipsoid
Off-Axis Design for SQUEAN (by Chang)
Off-Axis Design for SQUEAN (by Chang)
Spot Diagrams
13um
(x,y)
Project Roadmap and Required Re-sources
Work Definition GS Labor[year]
Cost [M KRW] Comments
Etalon Development 3 60Fore-Optics (Off-Axis Mirrors or Lens) 2 30
Telescope Interface and Structure 0.5 10Instrument Operation Software 0.5Data Reduction Software 1 Karl GebhardtTelescope Installation and Commis-sioning 0.5 30
TOTAL 7.5 130
Cost includes HW and Travel.
Appendix
Fabry-Perot Etalon Vendors
• Bristol Instruments– They make the replacement FP mirrors for OLD Burleigh RC series.– The basic price for one set of mirrors starts from $8,000.– The man in the company recommends www.lightmachinery.com for custom-
made etalons.
• LightMachinery.com
Etalon
• LightMachinery.com– They make customized Etalon mirrors.– Piezo Tunable Etalons with clear aperture of 4 mm.– Ian Miller, Director of R&D, gives very kind detailed technical supports.
PZT Tunable Etalon Housing
• ThorLabs.com – Scanning Fabry-Perot Interferometer: SA210-5B
• 535-820 nm, 10 GHz FSR• $2,533• This is for laser, but we can use this for scanning test.
– PZT Drives & Actuator: PE4• Micrometer Travel Range = 4mm with 1 um resolution• PZT Travel Range = 15 um with 10 nm resolution• 3 X $479.60 / unit
– Open-Loop PZT Controllers: MDT693A• 3 Channel • $1,580
– Piezoelectric Actuators• Open Loop Piezo Actuator, 17um/150V: AE0505D16F, $153• Full Bridge Strain Gauge Piezo Actuators, AE0505D16F: PZS001, $175• Strain Gauge Amplification Circuit, AMP002, $161
• www.PhysikInstrumente.com
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
• Fused Silica – CTE = 0.55 ppm/K
• Invar– CTE = 0-2 ppm/K
• Piezo Material– CTE = 6E-3/K
http://www.piceramic.com/datasheet/Piezo_Material_Datasheet_Cofefficients_Temperature_Measurements.pdf