Upload
shavonne-lester
View
215
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
2
Contents
Wireless Mobile DevicesMarket DirectionsSystem ArchitectureDevice ArchitectureOther Devices Architecture Differences – PC and Wireless Mobile
DevicesOperating SystemsApplication StoreGoogle’s AndroidApple’s iOSSummary
3
What is Wireless Communication?
Any form of communication that does not require the transmitter and receiver to be in physical contact
Electromagnetic wave propagated through free-space Radar, RF, Microwave, IR, Optical
13
Characteristics of Wireless Mobile Devices
Wireless Limited bandwidth, high latency Variable link quality (noise, disconnections, other users) Heterogeneous air interfaces
Mobility: User and terminal location dynamically changes Speed of terminal mobility impacts wireless bandwidth
Portability Limited battery capacity, computing and storage Small dimensions
More Signal Processing
More Protocol Processing
Higher Energy Efficiency
14
Wireless – Pros and Cons
Pros Flexibility & mobility
Goal: Anytime, anywhere, any service Broad geography support at specific frequency Can compliment a wired network Convenience (Easy-to-Use and Simple to Install)
Can easily setup in disaster situations or office moves
Cons Relatively expensive Distance limits & wall attenuation (150ft barrier) Security must be addressed Prone to narrowband interference. Also, other users create
interference
15
Wireless Network Technology
Bluetooth -
PAN
WLAN
WWAN
802.11b -
Cellular - range in kms
1 to 3 m
100 to 400 m
Technology
Geography
Off-campusopen areas
On-campus
office, home, school
Personal space
office, briefcase, person
16
Wireless Technologies
HiperLAN
UMTS / Cellular802.11a DS & FH
802.11bDS
HomeRF
10m 30m 100m >400 m
Bluetooth
0,5
1
2
11
5
4 M
bit/s
Wireless Local Area Multimedia
Wireless Local Area Broadband
Wireless Wide Area coverage
Wireless Local Area High Speed
Short range connectivityfor portables
17
Cellular System Architecture
Source: http://vinf.net/2010/01/16/using-the-vcevblock-concept-to-aid-disaster-relief-in-situations-like-the-haiti-earthquake/
18
Cellular System Architecture
MTSO MTSO
HLR
VLR
HLR
VLR
To otherMTSOs
PSTNPSTNSource: www.cse.iitb.ac.in/~sri/talks/mobileinternet.ppt
Each cell is served by a Base Terminal Station (BTS). Each BTS is connected to a Mobile Switching Center (MTSO) through
fixed links. Each MTSO is connected to other MTSOs and PSTN (Public Switched
Telephone Network).
19
Wireless Telephone Technology EvolutionThe 2nd Generation (2G)
Source: http://www.satmagazine.com/cgi-bin/display_article.cgi?number=201229817
Second generation 2G cellular telecom networks were commercially launched on the GSM standard in Finland by Radiolinja in 1991.
Benefits over their predecessors:o The phone conversations were digitally
encrypted.o 2G systems were significantly more
efficient on the spectrum allowing for far greater mobile phone penetration levels.
o 2G introduced data services for mobile, starting with SMS text messages.
20
Wireless Telephone Technology EvolutionThe 3rd Generation (3G)
3rd generation mobile telecommunications is a generation of standards for mobile phones and mobile telecommunication services.
Its main services include:o Wide-area wireless voice telephone.o Mobile Internet access.o Video calls and mobile TV, all in a
mobile environment.
Source: http://denmasbroto.com/?pilih=news&mod=yes&aksi=lihat&id=2
21
Wireless Telephone Technology EvolutionThe 4th Generation (4G)
4G is the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards.
A 4G system provides mobile ultra-broadband Internet access, for example to laptop computer wireless modems, smart phones, and other mobile devices.
Facilities also include IP telephony, gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video conferencing, and other streamed multimedia that may be provided to users.
Source: http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Nov2003/6085.htm
22
Wi-MAX and LTE Architectures
Source: http://telecomnormalized.tech.officelive.com/WiMAX.aspxhttp://www.wirelessweek.com/Articles/2010/10/Technology-Part2-Mobile-Network-Evolution-Architecture-LTE/
WiMAX a short name for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access can be referred to as a technology for wirelessly delivering high-speed Internet service to large specific areas. The previous WiMAX revision provided bit rates up to 40 Mbit/s and the latest revision in 2011 has provided us with 1 Gbit/s bit rate for fixed devices and ports. It is a part of the 4G, of wireless communication technology.
3GPP Long Term Evolution, also known as LTE, is used for high-speed data for mobile phones and other communication ports.The LTE system consists of two networks: E-UTRAN Evolved Packet Core (EPC).
Both of them result in a system with high simplicity including increased scalability and efficiency, and a design optimized to support IP-based services.
23
Smartphones – what are they?
• Small size, light weight, easily fitting in palm and pocket
• Display screen with touch input and small virtual key board
• Also known as portable handheld device or handheld device (e.g. Smartphone, PDAs etc.)
24
Device Architecture
• Small device• Weight• Screen
Size and Interface
• Memory• Processor• Battery
Hardware components
• Camera• SIM• FM radio• GPS • Wi-Fi and Bluetooth
Other features
25
Connectivity
Generation Definition Speed Technology Features
2G Digital Narrow band circuit data
9.6/14.4 Kbps TDMA,CDMA 2G capabilities are achieved by allowing multiple users on a single channel via multiplexing. During 2G Cellular phones are used for data also along with voice.
3G Digital Broadband Packet Data
3.1 Mbps (peak)500-700 Kbps
CDMA 2000(1xRTT, EVDO)UMTS, EDGE
3G has Multimedia services support along with streaming are more popular. In 3G, Universal access and portability across different device types are made possible. (Telephones, PDA’s, etc.)
3.5G Packet Data 14.4 Mbps (peak)1-3 Mbps
HSPA 3.5G supports higher throughput and speeds to support higher data needs of the consumers
4G Digital Broadband Packet(All IP)
100-300 Mbps (peak)3-5 Mbps
WiMaxLTEWi-Fi
Speeds for 4G are further increased to keep up with data access demand used by various services. High definition streaming is now supported in 4G
28
Architectural Differences
Wireless Mobile Devices
Insufficient Bandwidth Security
Power Consumptio
n
Transmission
Interferences
Human Interfaces Mobility
Significantly different from
PCs
29
Other devices
What are they?• Tablets, e-book readers, notebooks etc.• Tablet computers (or simply tablets) are devices which are pretty close
to smartphones with a major difference in screen size.• Apple’s tablet called iPad comes in two variations: iPad WiFi and iPad
WiFi+3G.• Apple released a new Tablet iPad3 in March 2012 with 4G LTE
compatibility.• Samsung’s tablet called Galaxy Tab is a close competitor for iPad.• Galaxy Tab comes in three variations ‘Galaxy Tab 7.0 Plus’, ‘Galaxy Tab
10.1’ and ‘Galaxy Tab’
30
Smartphones - history
Company/Vendor
Model Released Operating System (OS)
IBM Simon 1993 -
Nokia, Hewlett-Packard
Nokia 9600 1996 -
Palm Kyocera 6035 2001 Palm-based OS
RIM BlackBerry 2002 BlackBerry OS
Apple iPhone 2007 iOS
Samsung, Sony, HT, Motorola
Different models
2008 Google’s Android
Samsung Own model 2009 Bada
32
Mobile OS - Apps
Each mobile OS has its own application store
Users access application (App) via wireless networks
Apps are mostly developed by third parties
33
Mobile OS – Apps (contd.)
Apple’s iTunes is the biggest App store with approximately 500,000 Apps and then follows Android’s App store Google Play (Earlier Android Market) with close to 450,000 Apps.
Windows has a small App store with the name ‘Windows Marketplace for Mobile’ where windows mobile users can download from a limited apps (close to 30,000).
RIM maintains an App store for its BlackBerry mobiles with the name ‘BlackBerry App World’.
34
Android
Background
Android is Linux based mobile OS for mobile devices such as Tablets and Smartphones. In 2005 Google acquired the initial developer of the OS, Android Inc. Then in 2007 Google formed an Open Handset Alliance with 86 hardware, software and
telecom companies. This alliance developed and announced Android as an open source mobile OS under the
Apache License. Now this OS is being used by multiple device manufacturers in their handsets, few of
them are Samsung, Motorola, HTC, LG, Sony etc. Android developer community has large number of developers preparing APPs in Java
environment and the APP store ‘Google Play’ now has close to 450,000 APPs, among which few are free and others are paid.
It is estimated that till December 2011 almost 10B APPs are downloaded. It is estimated that s of February 2012 there are over 300M Android devices and
approximately 850,000 Android devices are activated every day. The earliest recognizable Android version is 2.3 Gingerbread which has support for SIP
and NFC. In 2011 Android Honeycomb version (3.1 and 3.2) are released with focus on Tablets.
This is mainly focused on large screen devices.
35
Android (contd.)
Main features
• Handset layouts – compatible with different handset designs such as larger, VGA, 2D graphics library, 3D graphics library based
• Storage – a lightweight relational database, is used for data storage• Connectivity - GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, Wi-
Fi, LTE, NFC and WiMAX• Messaging – SMS, MMS, threaded text messaging and Android Cloud To Device
Messaging (C2DM)• Multiple language support• Web browser• Java support• Media support• Streaming media support• Additional hardware support• Multi-touch• Bluetooth• Video calling• Multitasking• Voice based features• Tethering• Screen capture• External storage
Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich
Released in October 2011, with new features such as facial
recognition, network data usage monitoring and control, unified
social networking contacts.
36
Android (contd.)
Google owns a trademark for Android –
anyone has to take Google’s permission to
use Android’s trademark
In 2011 Microsoft announced it has made an agreement
with Android device manufacturers and collects fees from them including
Samsung and HTC.
Android’s source code is available under Apache
License version 2.0. The Linux kernel changes are available
under the GNU General Public License version 2.
Google faced many patent lawsuits against Android such as by Oracle in 2006
that included patents US5966702 and
US6910205.
37
Android (contd.)
In August 2011, Google has taken the strategic step of
purchasing Motorola Mobility for saving Android from dying down because of
lawsuits by Apple, Oracle and Microsoft.
Also in December 2011 Google acquired
approximately thousand patents from IBM for saving Android OS.
38
iOS
About Apple’s Proprietary Mobile OS – iOS
iOS is Apple’s proprietary mobile operating system initially developed for iPhone and now extended to iPAD, iPod Touch and Apple TV.
Initially known as iPhone OS, in June 2010 it is renamed as iOS. iOS is not enabled for cross licensing, it can only be used on Apple’s devices. The user interface of iOS is based on the concept of usage of multi touch gestures. iOS is a Unix based OS. iOS uses four abstraction layers namely: the Core OS layer, the Core
Services layer, the Media layer, and the Cocoa Touch layer. Apple’s App store contains close to 550,000 applications as of March 2012. It is estimated that the APPs are downloaded 25B times till now. First version of iOS is released in 2007 with the mane ‘OS X’ and then in 2008 the
first beta version of ‘iPhone OS’ is released. In 2007 September Apple released first iPod Touch that also used this OS. In 2010 iPad is released that has a bigger screen than the iPod and iPhone. Cisco has the trademark for ‘IOS’ since long time and Apple licensed the usage of
‘iOS’ from Cisco to avoid any problems.
39
iOS (contd.)
Main features•Home screen•Folders•Notification Center•Default APPs•Multitasking•Switching applications•Game Centre
40
Summary
The above information proved how important is the smartphone in daily life of vast range of humans ranging from business persons, academic people, individual users etc.
Primary reasons behind investing lot of money in mobile computing:o Opens a lot of opportunities in mobile computing and programmingo Generating revenue by pay per click
Mobile device could end the use of credit cards and debit cards, e.g., in shopping stores through using NFC or Google wallet.
The mobile devices can be used for different applications such as remotely controlling home appliances, PC, vehicles, TVs etc.
The history of evolution of mobile device technology speaks a lot about the future trends and trade offs which will be achieved in due course of time.
Number of patent lawsuits are increasing day by day for showing the company’s strength in terms of technology and protection of that technology by using patents.
Companies have to slow down their competitors from going for Lawsuits.