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Chapter One

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Wellness – Optimal health and vitality

The Dimensions of Wellness Physical Emotional Intellectual Interpersonal (or Social) Spiritual Environmental Other aspects: Occupational and Financial

The dimensions of wellness interact continuously, influencing and being influenced by one another

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1900 versus today Infectious disease

A disease that is communicable from one person to another

Chronic disease A disease that develops and continues over

a long period of time

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Causes of DeathCauses of Death Number Number of of DeathsDeaths

Heart disease 616,067

Cancer 562,875

Stroke 135,952

Chronic lower respiratory diseases

127,924

Unintentional injuries

123,706

Alzheimer's disease

74,632

Causes of DeathCauses of Death Number Number of of DeathsDeaths

Diabetes mellitus 71,382

Influenza and pneumonia 52,717

Kidney disease 46,448

Septicemia (systemic blood infection)

34,828

Intentional self-harm (suicide)

34,598

Chronic liver disease 29,165

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Healthy life66.2 years

Impaired life11.7 years

Life expectancy77.9 years

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Number of Deaths

per year

Percentage of Total Deaths

per year

Tobacco 440,000 18.1

Obesity 112,000 4.6

Alcohol 85,000 3.5

Microbial agents 75,000 3.1

Toxic agents 55,000 2.3

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Healthy People 2020 objectives: Eliminate preventable disease, disability,

injury, and premature death Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities,

and improve the health of all groups Create social and physical environments

that promote good health for all Promote healthy development and healthy

behaviors across every stage of life

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Healthy Campus 2010 Based on the guidelines of Healthy People

2010, but designed specifically for college students

Assists colleges in developing plans to improve student health

More than 200 health-related objectives

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Sex and Gender Ethnicity Income and Education Disability Geographic location Sexual orientation

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Figure 1.4 Self-rated Health Status and Quality of Care

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Health habits Heredity/Family history Environment Access to health care Behavior can make a difference!

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Getting serious about your health Examine current health habits Choose a target behavior Learn about your target behavior Find help

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Examine the pros and cons of change Boost self-efficacy

Locus of control Internal control versus external control

Visualization and self-talk Role models and supportive people Identify and overcome key barriers to change

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The transtheoretical, or “stages of change,” model:

Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance Termination

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Forgive yourself Give yourself credit for the progress you

have already made Move on

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1. Monitor your behavior and gather data2. Analyze the data and identify patterns3. Be “SMART” about setting goals4. Devise a plan of action

1. Get what you need2. Modify your environment3. Control related habits4. Reward yourself5. Involve the people around you6. Plan for challenges

5. Make a personal contract

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Figure 1.7 A Sample Behavior Change Contract

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Stick to your commitment. Remember your reasons to make changes. Remember, you are the boss. Use all your strategies. Make sure your environment is change-friendly. Get support and encouragement from others. Keep track of your progress in a health journal. Give yourself regular rewards.

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Social influences Levels of motivation and commitment Choice of techniques and level of effort Stress barriers Procrastinating, rationalizing, and

blaming

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Making changes in your world What does the future hold?

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Chapter One