Instrument of the DayInstrument of the DayJournal Entry #3Journal Entry #3

Describe what you see and what you think this Describe what you see and what you think this

particular instrument is used forparticular instrument is used for

Take A Musical Safari To Africa

Characteristics of Africa 2nd largest continent with a population of

approximately 700 million people

Geography – deserts (Sahara), rain forest jungles, mountains, rivers & lakes, & the Great Rift Valley

Mostly tropical climate

Animals – elephants, gorillas, chimpanzees, monkeys, crocodiles, rhinoceroses, giraffes, and lions

Over 800 languages and cultures

African Music

Call & Response

– generation to generation

Alternates between a soloist and a group

Call (leader) changes and the response (group) remains the samehttp://www.amazon.com/Call-and-Response/dp/B000S58VDU

Purpose of Music

Recreation

- singing, dancing, drumming, and concerts

Rituals & Ceremonies

– celebrating

Occupational

- work songs, preparing food

Social

- child care, story telling, social games, and parties

Language

- drumming and signaling are used to send messages

Gives birth to many forms of music Jazz & Rock

African Musical style and practiceTaught and learned orally

Sing & play together easily (teamwork)

- rhythmic singing & clapping children’s games

Most common form

- call & response

Texture is complementary

- many rhythms occurring at the same time

Syncopation – off-beat phrasing

Music is part of most activities

- music and movement are linked to each other

Buzzy tone quality

African Instruments

Classified into these categories

- Aerophones (Blow into instrument)

- Idiophones (main parts vibrate)

- Membranophones (membrane vibrates)

- Chordophones (Strings vibrate)

Aerophones

Musical instruments which produce their sound by using air as the principal vibrating factor: air may

be unconfined by the instrument or enclosed within a tube

Flute, Horn Trumpet, Pan Pipes, Side Blow Horn, Whistles

Idiophones

Musical instruments which produce sound from their own substance: can be struck, plucked,

blown, or vibrated by friction

Rattles, Bells, Sistram, Thumb Piano, Xylophone

Membranophones

Musical instruments which produce sound from tightly stretched membranes, either

struck or 'singing'

Drums and Tamborine

ChordophonesMusical instruments which produce sound by means of strings

stretched from one point to another

Berimbau

http://video.google.com/videosearch?sourceid=navclient&rls=GGLD,GGLD:2004-29,GGLD:en&q=berimbau&um=1&ie=UTF-

8&sa=N&hl=en&tab=wv#

Harps

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3075473591316092556&q=

african+harp&ei=fboMSJSjL5O-rQKrqcC1BA

Lutehttp://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-

3162283452844658864&q=Lute&ei=HLwMSPnVIYjiqALbh4mrBA

Lyrehttp://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-4063780343610888961&q=+Lyre+instrument&ei=0LsMSKfSI4eIrgKF2vy3BA

Internet Links for Musical Instruments

Audible Artworks

UDU Gallery

New world African Instruments

African National Anthem

N’kosi sikelel’i Africa

In 1897, Enoch Mankayi Sontonga wrote the following hymn, “N’kosi sikelel’I Africa.” It

was originally performed at public meetings in South Africa. Today, it is sung in many

languages and dialects throughout Africa.

Nkosi Silkelel'i Afrika Nkosi Silkelel'i Afrika Maluphakanyisw'uphondMaluphakanyisw'uphondo Iwayo o Iwayo Yizwa imithandazo yethu Yizwa imithandazo yethu

Nkosi sikelela, Nkosi Nkosi sikelela, Nkosi sikelela sikelela

Nkosi Silkelel'i Afrika Nkosi Silkelel'i Afrika Maluphakanyisw'uphondMaluphakanyisw'uphondo Iwayo o Iwayo Yizwa imithandazo yethu Yizwa imithandazo yethu

Nkosi sikelela, Thina Nkosi sikelela, Thina lusapho Iwayo lusapho Iwayo

Woza moya Woza moya Woza moya woza Woza moya woza Woza moya Woza moya Woza moya woza Woza moya woza Woza moya oyingewele Woza moya oyingewele Nkosi sikelela Nkosi sikelela

Morena boloka setjhaba sa heso Morena boloka setjhaba sa heso

Ofedise dintwa le Ofedise dintwa le matshwenyeho matshwenyeho

O se boloke O se boloke O se boloke morena O se boloke morena Setjhaba sa heso Setjhaba sa heso Setjhaba sa Afrika Setjhaba sa Afrika

Nkosi Silkelel'i Afrika Nkosi Silkelel'i Afrika Maluphakanyisw'uphondo Maluphakanyisw'uphondo Iwayo Iwayo Yizwa imithandazo yethu Yizwa imithandazo yethu Nkosi sikelela, Nkosi sikelela, Nkosi Sikelel'i AfrikaNkosi Sikelel'i Afrika

God Bless Africa http://www.anc.org.za/misc/nko

si.html#english1 Original Lovedale English

Translation Lord, bless Africa;

May her horn rise high up;Hear Thou our prayers And bless us.

ChorusDescend, O Spirit,Descend, O Holy Spirit.

Bless our chiefsMay they remember their Creator.Fear Him and revere Him,That He may bless them.

Bless the public men,Bless also the youthThat they may carry the land with patienceand that Thou mayst bless them.

Bless the wivesAnd also all young women;Lift up all the young girlsAnd bless them. Bless the ministersof all the churches of this land;Endue them with Thy SpiritAnd bless them. Bless agriculture and stock raisingBanish all famine and diseases;Fill the land with good healthAnd bless it. Bless our effortsof union and self-uplift,Of education and mutual understandingAnd bless them. Lord, bless AfricaBlot out all its wickednessAnd its transgressions and sins,And bless it.

African Drums

Widely Used in African Music

-Communication & Celebration

Language of the drum takes years of practice

Master Drummer holds the most honored position in African societies

Bata Drum

Nigeria

Two headed drum played with both hands or struck with a flexible piece of leather

Part of the religious life of some of the Yoruba people

Syncopation

Type of rhythm in which stressed sounds occur between beats instead of on beats.

Example:

Messages in Sound Master Drummer

- Children begin studying to become master drummers at a very early age. Has the highest position in African societies

African Proverb

- Wise sayings passed down from generation to generation. Important in many parts of Africa

Griot

- Talking regional newspaper. Wandering musician/storyteller responsible for passing along news about what has happened in the community.

Harmony

Two or more pitches sounding at the same time

African Art & Culture

Museum of African Art

Resources

http://echarry.web.wesleyan.edu/africother.html

http://www.canteach.ca/elementary/africasong.html

http://home.earthlink.net/~debrajet/list.html

http://polyglot.lss.wisc.edu/afrst/outreach/k-12.html

http://www.thepothole.com/soukous/

http://www.teachers.net/lessons/posts//509.html

http://www.cnmat.berkeley.edu/~ladzekpo/Foundation.html

http://www.afropop.org/

http://www.coraconnection.com/

http://artsedge.kennedy-center.org/aoi/events/music/marabi.html

http://www.africanmusic.org/

http://artsedge.kennedy-center.org/aoi/events/music/pan.html

http://www.rootsworld.com/rw/villagepulse/

http://www.nmafa.si.edu/

http://www.cat.nyu.edu/~andruid/chains/

http://www.cnmat.berkeley.edu/~ladzekpo/Ensemble.htm

lhttp://ntama.uni-mainz.de/~ama/

http://www.udu.com/udu_html/udugalry.html

http://www.nmafa.si.edu/exhibits/aud_art/index.htm

http://biochem.chem.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~endo/africa.html

http://www.acslink.aone.net.au/christo/histmain.htm

www.dia.org/collections/aonwc/ africanart/82.29med.jpg

www.earthvibemusic.com/ kambala/Balaphon.jpg

www.namibweb.com/piano.JPG

Clip Art ResourcesPrint Artist

http://www.dia.org/collections/aonwc/africanart/82.29.html

www.earthvibemusic.com/ kambala.htm

http://www.namibweb.com/piano.htm

http://www.shirleykaiser.com/skimages/index.html