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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................................................. 3
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................ 4
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................................... 5
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Background .................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Objective of the Assessment ..................................................................................................................................... 7
Scope of the Assessment ........................................................................................................................................... 8
METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................................... 9
Assessment tools .......................................................................................................................................................... 9
Sampling ....................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Data Entry and Analysis ............................................................................................................................................. 11
Limitations ..................................................................................................................................................................... 11
ANALYSIS OF THE FINDINGS ....................................................................................................................................... 11
Effectiveness/Achievements against Plans ........................................................................................................... 11
Relevance of the Interventions ............................................................................................................................... 12
Impacts/Results/Changes due to the programme interventions .................................................................. 12
Discussion Results of Targeted Beneficiaries ...................................................................................................... 16
LESSONS LEARNED AND BEST PRACTICES ............................................................................................................ 17
CASE STUDIES AND STORIES ...................................................................................................................................... 18
SUSTAINABILITY .............................................................................................................................................................. 20
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................................................... 20
ANNEXES ........................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Annex 1. Workplan ..................................................................................................................................................... 22
Annex 2. Progress against indicators .................................................................................................................... 23
Annex 3. Key Informant Interviews ........................................................................................................................24
Annex 4. Focus Group Discussions ........................................................................................................................ 26
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Salah ElHajjHassan (FAO Representative for Yemen)
Kayouli Chedly (Senior International Livestock Expert, Chief Technical Advisor a.i.)
Ashraf AlHawamdeh (Value Chain and Farmer Field School Specialist)
Yasser AlEryani (Animal Health Specialist)
Composition of the Assessment Team
Alisher Nazirov (Team Leader)
Abdulrahman AlHemyari (National M&E Officer)
Rehab AlSanabani (National M&E Officer)
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
ERRY Enhanced Rural Resilience in Yemen
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
FCS Food Consumption Score
FFS Farmer Field School
FGD Focus Group Discussion
FHH Female-Headed Household
HDDS Households Dietary Diversity Score
HH Household
IDP Internally Displaced Persons
ILO International Labour Organization
KII Key Informant Interview
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
UN United Nations
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNEG United Nations Evaluation Group
VAPG Village Agriculture Producers’ Groups
WFP World Food Programme
WUA Water Users Associations
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Introduction
This is the Impact Assessment of the FAO led components of the Enhanced Rural Resilience in Yemen
(ERRY) project funded by the European Union and implemented by four United Nations agencies,
namely the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), International Labour Organization (ILO), United
Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the World Food Programme (WFP). The project began
in 2016 with the project end date set as February 2019. It is implemented in Hajjah, Hodeida, Lahj and
Abyan governorates. The overall objective of the programme is to enhance the resilience and self-
reliance of crisis-affected rural communities through support to livelihoods stabilization and recovery,
local governance and improved access to sustainable energy.
The main purpose of the assessment is a review of the project implementation progress, assessment of
its impact on improving the wellbeing and livelihoods of the members of target communities,
determining lessons learned, and developing recommendations on specific actions that might be taken
to further improve the model of FAO on project intervention for addressing the immediate needs of
affected communities, thus improving the resilience.
Based on a set of relevant quantifiable and qualitative indicators, a combination of quantitative and
qualitative methods for collection and analysis of the data was used, such as: documentation review,
interviews, visits to the partners and surveys; questionnaires; personal observations, as well as social,
economic and political context within which the project took place. In addition to the discussions and
regular in-depth consultation with the project staff, the FAO Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Unit
employed the following approaches for data collection and analysis: (a) desk review of relevant
documents (project document, progress reports, etc.); (b) visits to project sites; (c) key informant
interviews with partners and stakeholders; (d) focus group discussions with target communities; and (e)
household surveys.
Main Findings
The project managed to achieve all targets set for February 2019 ahead of time. The project was able
to (i) create community institutions to support farmers with value chain development services through
establishing 85 Village Agricultural Producers’ Groups (VAPG’s) by grouping neighboring villages, (ii)
train 20,745 farmers (40% female) on livestock/crop value chain productivity including through 134 FFS
established, (iii) provide agricultural inputs to 15,743 households and vaccinate 900,000 sheep and goats
against diseases benefiting 25,000 of livestock farmers (162,500 individuals). Besides, (iv) in 32
communities, Water Users Associations (WUA) developed mechanisms to facilitate dialogues for water
resource management, agriculture production system, and crop production system.
Despite evidences on the positive changes in the livelihoods of beneficiaries, the armed conflict in
certain project areas undermined the achievement of expected results. For instance, under heavy
shelling, some farmers reportedly lost their livestock, others had to flee the war zone and migrate their
livestock to a safer locations, or women engaged in dairy production in Hodeidah are now earning less
income as the milk collection and processing factory where they would sell their milk was destroyed.
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Recommendations
- Recommendation 1. More rigorous awareness raising sessions to be arranged prior distributing
inputs, especially animal feed and concentrates. Moreover, the brochures and booklets should
contain information on the safety and precaution to avoid improper use of project inputs.
- Recommendation 2. Distribution of seeds should be planned and take place prior to cultivation
season, considering agro-ecological peculiarities of the target areas. Post-cultivation advisory
services shall be made available by the project, especially given that the seeds are unknown to local
population and cultivated for the first time.
- Recommendation 3. Communication with the affected population to be enhanced.
- Recommendation 4. The next phase activities should be designed considering current Yemen
turbulent context targeting also IDPs, returnees and other vulnerable segments. The current project
seem to be designed for different scenario within more stable contexts.
- Recommendation 5. Sugar molasses are better to be packages in bottles for easier transportation
and distribution, as well as ensure proper awareness raising sessions on the techniques of feeding
molasses to the livestock.
- Recommendation 6. The synergy between four involved agencies needs improvement.
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INTRODUCTION
Background
This is the Impact Assessment of the FAO-led components of ERRY project funded by the European
Union and implemented by four United Nations agencies, namely FAO, ILO, UNDP and WFP. The
project began in 2016 with the project end date set as February 2019. It is implemented in Hajjah,
Hodeida, Lahj and Abyan governorates in partnership with Social fund for Development (SFD), Social
Development Foundation (SDF), Search for Common Ground (SFCG), Partner Yemen (PY) and Care
International. The overall objective of the programme is to enhance the resilience and self-reliance of
crisis-affected rural communities through support to livelihoods stabilization and recovery, local
governance and improved access to sustainable energy. The project targets the most vulnerable such
as women, the unemployed, youth, the Muhamasheen (a socio-economically marginalized group
found in the peripheries of urban centers), internally displaced persons (IDPs) and stressed host
communities, using inclusive, participatory and conflict-sensitive tools to mobilize and involve them in
the proposed activities. This report encompasses the assessment of ERRY components implemented by
FAO.
Objective of the Assessment
The main purpose of the assessment is a review of the project implementation progress, assessment of
its impact on improving the wellbeing and livelihoods of the members of target communities,
determining lessons learned, and developing recommendations on specific actions that might be taken
to further improve the model of FAO on project intervention for addressing the immediate needs of
affected communities, thus improving the resilience.
The specific objectives of this assessment are to:
- Assess the overall project progress and effectiveness;
- Assess the progress in achieving expected outputs as well as identify intended and unintended
results and effects of the project;
- Collect quantitative and qualitative data, including a defensible choice of indicators, which leads
to credibility of findings;
- Highlight key /major results, gaps, lessons learned, methodologies and good practices;
- Identify specific options and objectives for further support in this area, including scalability and
replication of the project interventions.
The expected users of the report are other project UN partners, the Government of the Republic of
Yemen, donor and other international and national partners. It is expected that the assessment findings,
lessons learned and recommendations will inform the work of all partners on the future programming.
The UN agencies and the donor may use the assessment findings to improve or consider aligning their
work with similar interventions to achieve synergies and maximize collective impact on the socio-
economic development in the country.
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Scope of the Assessment
The four UN agencies involved in the project implementation are in charge of various activities under
different outputs. The project expected results comprehend of two outcomes and five outputs, as
provided in the table below.
Table 1. ERRY Expected Results
Impact Outcomes Outputs
Resilience and self-
reliance of crisis-
affected rural
communities
enhanced through
support to
livelihoods
stabilization and
recovery, local
governance and
improved access to
sustainable energy
1. Communities are better
able to manage local risks
and shocks for increased
economic self-reliance and
enhanced social cohesion
1. Community livelihoods and productive assets are
improved to strengthen resilience and economic self-
reliance
2. Communities benefit from solar energy for sustainable
livelihoods opportunities
3. Informal networks promote social cohesion through
community dialogue and delivery of services
2. Institutions are
responsive, accountable
and effective to deliver
services, build the social
contract and meet
community identified needs
4. Functions, financing and capacity of local authorities
enabled to deliver improved basic services and respond
to public priorities
5. Increased capacity of local actors and strengthened
partnership of private sector to enhance economic
recovery
The object of this assessment is the components of ERRY implemented by FAO, specifically Output-1
and Output-3 of the first Outcome. The focus of Output 1 is supporting the improvement of
agriculture/livestock value chain in a protracted crisis context that contributes to increasing resilient
livelihoods and food security in targeted districts. To this end, the following activities have been
implemented.
- Identify key agricultural value chain opportunities;
- Establish and operationalize village agriculture producers’ groups (VAPGs) through training and
technical support;
- Provide inputs and assets to small producers to increase productivity of livestock and
productivity for better income generation and food security;
- Establish Farmer Field Schools (FFS) in targeted locations;
- Develop capacity of selected farmers and extension staff for agriculture / livestock value chain
development.
To achieve Output 3, the project focused on the implementation of following activities.
- In partnership with CDCs identify and build a relationship of trust with existing or create new
WUAs;
- Increase production and profitability through changes in crop production systems and improve
on processing and marketing at the benefit of farmers;
- Promote discussion on the potential for water marketing and valuation.
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METHODOLOGY
The FAO Yemen M&E Unit administered this assessment conducted from August to December 2018
(Annex 1). The field visits have been conducted, while project activities were still underway, to summarize
and validate project results before the end of the project (February 2019).
In brief, data collection methods included the analysis of results data from the project reports, systematic
documentary / data review, semi-structured interviews, as well as attribution/contribution analysis to
determine how FAO component contributed to achieving ERRY objectives.
The assessment followed the UNEG Norms and Standards as well as the UNEG Ethical Guidelines for
Evaluation.1 The assessment team ensured the application of human rights and gender equality-
sensitive processes and maximize stakeholders’ participation in the assessment.
Special measures were put in place to ensure that the assessment process is ethical and that
interviewees can openly express their opinions, that the confidentiality is maintained and that the names
of stakeholders interviewed would not appear in the report. The assessment team had at least three
check points for quality assurance: (1) discussion of the plans of action to ensure that the team’s
understanding of what is required corresponds to ERRY expectations and evaluation standards; (2)
sharing the initial draft report and discussion of preliminary findings; (3) an acceptance procedure for
completed report.
Assessment tools
This assessment is based on the belief that it should be supportive and responsive to FAO needs, rather
than become an end in itself. The FAO M&E Unit assessed the extent of FAO’s effectiveness in producing
results at the local levels in alignment to overall ERRY objectives; effectiveness of FAO support in
producing results at the aggregate level; the extent of FAO support towards capacity development; the
extent of FAO’s contribution to human and institutional capacity building of partners as important factor
for sustainability beyond its interventions; and contributing factors and impediments and extent of the
FAO contribution to the achievement of the outcomes through related project outputs.
In such a comprehensive, multi-method evaluation the assessment model blends confirmatory research
(determining the extent to which specific, expected results outlined in the project were achieved) with
the exploratory research (examining what happened and what is currently happening without
preconceived notions). All data gathered is verified through triangulation or ensuring the credibility of
data gathered by relying on data from different sources (primary and secondary data), data of different
types (qualitative, quantitative and resource information) or data from different respondents.
Close coordination was employed with the project team, project stakeholders, and UN partners.
Consultations have been held with relevant Government partners and civil society involved into the
process. Based on a set of relevant quantifiable and qualitative indicators, a combination of quantitative
and qualitative methods for collection and analysis of the data was used, like: documentation review,
interviews, visits to the partners and surveys; questionnaires; personal observations, as well as social,
1 http://www.uneval.org/normsandstandards/index.jsp http://www.unevaluation.org/ethicalguidelines
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economic and political context within which the project took place. In addition to the discussions and
regular in-depth consultation with the project staff, the FAO M&E Unit employed the following
approaches for data collection and analysis: (a) desk review of relevant documents (project document,
progress reports, etc.); (b) visits to project sites; (c) key informant interviews with partners and
stakeholders; (d) focus group discussions with target communities; and (e) household surveys.
Desk review. The project proposal, progress reports and other document produced by the project have
been reviewed. The desk review also helped to uncover sources of usable secondary data, thus
lessening the need to collect primary data. Moreover, the desk review allowed identifying those areas
where primary data is needed to complement limitations in terms of quality and availability of secondary
data.
Visits to project sites. In total, 26 enumerators, including 5 female, paid visits to the selected project
sites. This approach created an opportunity to look into the project products and institutions created,
find out the impression of the project end-users and beneficiaries. The information collected validated
the findings of desk review and provided additional information to assess the progress.
Key Informant Interviews (KII). Thirty-seven semi-structured interviews have been conducted with
community leaders, local authorities and project partners, third of which were female. This method was
selected to obtain diverse perspectives, including expert and non-expert, beneficiary and partner,
familiar and non-familiar with FAO work, including perceptions. This enables a rich understanding of
different perspectives about the project. Interviews were conducted using a pre-designed questionnaire
developed for the final beneficiaries and partners.
Focus group discussions (FGD). Forty-four focus groups were conducted to get beneficiaries’
perspective. A group discussion tool allowed gathering information from people with similar
background or experiences regarding the project. A small number of participants (6 to 12) were asked
to answer a set of targeted questions. The enumerators encouraged participation of all individuals
invited and kept a neutral appearance through the focus group. Focus group participants had an
opportunity to agree or disagree with each other that reveals different perspective on an issue and
allows collecting a range of opinions and ideas. The results of focus groups have been recorded and
analyzed, which is used to validate findings of the desk review, provide additional information to assess
the progress and capture ideas on potential areas of support for future programming.
Household level surveys. A total of 416 semi-structured interviews were conducted with final
beneficiaries to collect evidence of potential changes the project brought into the livelihoods of target
communities. A questionnaire was developed to collect data on the use of inputs received, changes in
practices, as well as knowledge and attitudes on the intervention.
Sampling
The sampling methods for KII and FGDs were based on the geographical coverage and a diversity of
communities, as well as balance of government and non-government partners to adequately represent
a wide range of FAO partners and beneficiaries. Respondents for the household survey, in turn, were
selected based on the geographical coverage, the type of support provided, and the diversity of
beneficiaries (gender, IDPs, returnees, FHH, etc.).
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Data Entry and Analysis
In total of 13 data entry clerks, including 6 female, have been hired in November-December 2018 for
entry of data collected through KIIs, FGDs and household surveys. The data was entered into the Excel-
based database to allow further analysis. Upon data entry, the M&E Unit had cleared and analyzed
data, the results of which are presented in this report.
Limitations
The project sites are located in different parts of the country, within areas governed by both legitimate
government in the South and de-facto government in the North. Working under two different systems
caused a slight delay given different requirements in accessing the project sites. For instance, the
assessment team deployed in the North needed to obtain permission for the movement, while in the
South there was no such a requirement.
The ongoing armed conflict in the project areas hindered access to beneficiaries to conduct surveys. As
a result the assessment team had to replace some randomly selected villages in Al-Marawea district
with other villages still covering the initially designed sample size. Moreover, out of nine districts covered
by the project, no visits have been undertaken to Abs district due to security constraints.
Furthermore, the conflict compelled some beneficiaries to leave their homes and move to safer areas.
There were also cases revealed of internally displaced people moving into the safer project areas and
ultimately covered with the project support. Wherever, the enumerators were unable to reach the
initially targeted for the survey household, they have been either replaced by other beneficiaries or
IDPs, or conclusion drawn based on focus group discussions.
Sensitivity of stakeholders and certain project personnel to questions and limited willingness to conduct
frank and open dialogue. The team ensured transparency regarding the scope and purpose of the
assessment and explained how the assessment’s findings and recommendations may benefit the
interviewees.
ANALYSIS OF THE FINDINGS
Effectiveness/Achievements against Plans
The project managed to achieve all targets set for February 2019 ahead of time. The project was able
to (i) create community institutions to support farmers with value chain development services through
establishing 85 Village Agricultural Producers’ Groups (VAPG’s) by grouping neighboring villages, (ii)
train 20,745 farmers (40% female) on livestock/crop value chain productivity including through 134 FFS
established, (iii) provide agricultural inputs to 15,743 households and vaccinate 900,000 sheep and goats
against diseases benefiting 25,000 of livestock farmers (162,500 individuals). Besides, (iv) in 32
communities WUA developed mechanisms to facilitate dialogues for water resource management,
agriculture production system, and crop production system.
12
Relevance of the Interventions
The armed conflict in the country had significant negative impact on the livelihoods of Yemeni farmers.
While some fled their homes for security reasons without the ability to continue agriculture activity, the
remained majority had/have limited access to agriculture inputs, including quality seeds and extension
services, as well as lack of financial resources to engage in now costly agriculture.
Crop production. Seeds (cereals, forage and vegetables) provided by the project met the needs of
farmers. The surveyed parties confirmed that the assistance was timely and needed. It has not only
made them engaged and save their budget for other household needs, but also make income. Farmers
expressed satisfaction with the support received and the quality of inputs distributed, Noteworthy, ERRY
imported Rhodes Grass to be grown as a forage, which high productivity compared to local forage
crops was confirmed by farmers.
Animal Feeds. All surveyed farmers supported with animal feeds confirmed that the assistance was
needed and that they observed unexpected benefits in their livestock, although they were given limited
amount of feed that lasted a short period. The analysis results of the KIIs and FGDs also confirmed that
the most kinds of the animal feeds distributed by the project t were new to the farmers and the livestock
producers gradually used to feed their animals. The adoption rate of using the new animal feeds among
beneficiaries increased from zero to a hundred percent, and now, the new animal feeds become their
top priority in growing livestock.
Capacity building. The knowledge and skills of farmers in target areas were limited, especially among
women. The assessment results indicate the high need of farmers in capacity building through the FFS.
The FFS ensured raising the knowledge and skills on the application of new practices. This was reflected
on the high rate of applying new knowledge and skills, as well as practices application among surveyed
farmers.
Impacts/Results/Changes due to the programme interventions
Changes in skills and capacity
ERRY established 134 FFSs in target areas and provided Extension Officers of the Ministry of Agriculture
and Irrigation with technical training sessions to improve their skills. The project activities included new
practices for Yemen such as production and distribution of feed blocks for livestock, distribution of
sugar molasses and modern dairy equipment. To this end, training and capacity building was crucial
for the success of the intervention.
Assessment revealed taking care the livestock is mainly the job of rural women. Thus, FFS used the
momentum to improve the skills of women at first in growing livestock and dairy production. As a result,
women gained solid skills in the use of newly introduced animal feed in their respective areas.
Besides, about 60% of surveyed female beneficiaries reported that due to their improved skills and
knowledge, as well as dairy equipment received, they were able to increase their income by processing
13
milk and producing dairy products such as sour milk (56%), yoghurt (11%), ghee (53%), butter (9%) and
cheese (4%).
At the same time, some beneficiaries reported that in the beginning of the project, there were few cases
of livestock loss due to improper practice of using the newly introduced animal feed, especially in Habil
Jabr district in Lahj governorate and Abs district in Hajjah governorate.
The project had also capacity building activities on crop value chain. Almost 16% of surveyed male
farmers reported that they have attended training sessions on the crop value chain and that those
training sessions were useful and improved their farming skills.
Furthermore, the capacity-building of district staff through enhancing their knowledge of technical
aspects and FFS principles allowed them to take part in the implementation and monitoring of the
program’s activities. Their engagement with farmers through proper participatory extension skills and
technical know-how is especially noteworthy. Moreover, they are currently trainers taking part in
Training of Trainers (ToT) and providing technical support to farmers.
The capacity-building had direct results some of which include:
- Adequate milk processing and packaging leading to improved milk hygiene and subsequently an
increase in price for that milk;
- Capacity-building of women in the production and marketing of improved traditional dairy products
which led to an increase in their income;
- Training on feeding supplements has led to an increase in milk production as reported by 89% of
the beneficiaries;
- Increase the live weight of animals while reducing fattening cycle (reported by 89% of beneficiaries
during FGD’s) with reduced cost of fattening due to the feeding (feed blocks, sugar molasses,
chopped fodder along with wheat bran and sesame cake) training;
- Reducing animal diseases and improve animal health (reported by 6% of beneficiaries during
FGD’s). Animal have good shining skin, higher appetite with increased intake of fodder resulting in
better body score and live weight.
- Many women farmers and producers were encouraged to start a small business of dairy / fattening
farms and milk processing after attending the workshops and granted with supplies.
To further enhance trainings and capacity-building, the survey inquired from beneficiaries as to what
sort of trainings they would prefer to be included in future trainings. Around 38% suggested to train
more producers in dairy products, and 17% suggested to train female animal health workers and to
provide them with veterinary kits. On the other hand, 8% suggested training on marketing. An estimate
of 6% of the beneficiaries suggested training producers in making concentrated feed and molasses.
Livelihood Improvements
The assessment results indicate improvements in the crop and livestock production, as well as in the
production of dairy products, which ultimately resulted in the income increase of beneficiaries. Women
are the most vulnerable segment in Yemeni society, therefore the project contributed to rural women’s
economic empowerment in terms of food security, employment and income generation. Livestock is
powerful mix-opportunity of women empowerment and livelihood, women represent more than 50%
14
of project livestock beneficiaries. Milk processing is traditionally done by women as well as backyard
sheep and goat fattening. They were able to generate significant household cash income through sales
of dairy products and animals.
The program enhanced animal and milk productivity through feeding supplements (blocks and sugar
molasses), which were well-accepted by animals and improved their appetites. Around 89% of the
beneficiaries reported an increase in animal weights. The improvement in dairy production has boosted
the productivity and returns of households working in dairy production.
The project’s overall emphasis on enhancing crop production has led to an increase of the income of
beneficiaries and improvement of their livelihoods. Farmers reported an increase in germination rate
and vegetative appearance in comparison to other fields using traditional seeds. Women were
specifically fond of the provided choppers as they are relieved them from the burden of manual
chopping which are time-consuming and cumbersome. The creation of thousands of job opportunity
and income generation by the project – directly or indirectly are particularly related with home-
processed traditional dairy products, milk production and collection and with small-scale backyard
sheep / goat fattening business.
Food Security Level
Food consumption score (FCS) of the surveyed beneficiaries revealed 72% to be at the acceptable level
with 11% at the borderline and the remained 17% as poor. Although there was no baseline data collected
on Food Consumption Score to compare the above results, as per beneficiaries surveyed, their dietary
intake has improved after ERRY support. This could be attributed to the fact that households used part
of animal and crop products for their own consumption. The project support contributed to the
improvement in three key food groups of beneficiaries’ diets, namely milk/derivatives, oil/fat and
cereals.
The assessment also measured households dietary diversity score (HDDS) and revealed that 39% of
consuming food items belonging to six or more food groups (high dietary diversity), the same share
consuming food items from four to five food groups (medium dietary diversity) and almost every fifth
households having access to food items belonging to three of less food groups.
Income Level
As indicated in the livelihood section of this report, the program had a positive effect on the income
level of beneficiaries. These were attained through enhancing production methods, cutting-down on
costs, decreasing losses, and improving market-value by enhancing quality which led to increasing
demand and product prices.
Vegetables. Farmers provided with tomato seeds reported earning a good income. Such a positive
result is associated with the fact that the project along with the vegetable seeds also distributed fertilizers
that increased the productivity in average by 29% compared to the use of manure only, as well as
targeting these beneficiaries with value chain practices and capacity building activities.
Cereals. Farmers who received cereal seeds (millet and sorghum) reported no change in their income
level. This was mainly due to couple factors. Firstly, since the seeds were unknown for local farmers as
15
brought from other areas (for instance seeds to Hodeida were brought from Lahj) to be introduced to
the local environment, farmers were cautious and cultivated in the small plots of land to test first. The
second reason was due to distributing seeds, when the cultivation season was over. This made farmers
to save their seeds for the next season.
Livestock. Both the beneficiaries of dairy component and animal health/livestock fattening confirmed
increase in their income. In particular, farmers reported that as a result of vaccination and feeding their
livestock with feed blocks, mineral, concentrated feed and molasses, the appetite of their livestock
improved, which in turn led to the increase in the weight of livestock and milk production both in terms
of quality and quantity. The level income of women engaged in the production of dairy has also
improved, who used to deliver and sell their produced milk to small traders and plants. In Hodeida,
women were selling their dairy products to the Ekhwan Thabit Industry in Almaraweiah district. However,
the plant was destroyed as a result of shelling and is not functional any more. Women in Hodeida now
are not able to sell their dairy products, but use them for own consumption.
Social Changes
A key aspect to sustainability is the mobilization and involvement of societies in the intervention
implementation to ensure, in part, Accountability to Affected Populations. The intervention contributed
to the establishment of institutions that can support the efforts of farmers and beneficiaries in achieving
the desired results of the project. Additionally, these bodies act as facilitators, mediators, and advisors
to various stakeholders within their respective areas. Below are two bodies established by the project.
Village Agricultural Producers Groups (VAPG). Considering the lack of community institutions to support
farmers with value chain development services, the project has set up primary network at village levels
in the nine targeted districts through constitution of 85 VAPGs representing 569 neighboring used as
focal points for supporting project team in project implementation, supervision of farmers, follow up
and logistics (extension, distribution of farm inputs, and veterinary services).
Water Users Associations (WUAs). To promote social cohesion through community dialogue and
delivery of services, ERRY supported WUAs in 30 communities by developing a mechanism to facilitate
dialogues for water resource management, agriculture production system, and crop production system.
The project worked with WUAs to rehabilitate irrigation canals and equipping with solar pumps for
irrigation in those communities. Water User Associations are collective bodies comprised of key
stakeholders within local communities that allow them to collectively regulate and manage water
resources. These associations maybe officially registered with the concerned authorities in Yemen.
Gender Dimension
The project had a huge focus on supporting women. Although, female benefit from all project outputs,
there were activities designed specifically targeting rural women. In particular, promoting dairy
production through establishing women groups, women capacity building on improved animal feeding
to increase animal productivity, improved dairy production, hand milking, milk hygiene and home
processing of traditional dairy products, good practices for small-scale backyard sheep / goat fattening
management.
16
The small-scale backyard sheep / goat fattening and production of traditional home-processed dairy
products for sale or own consumption and distribution to neighbors (zabadi, laban hakin, butter, ghee
semna) are extensively widespread in villages and practiced by women. Such activities are considered
as the most promising business in which rural women can move successfully from subsistence to market
orientation with constant stream of income.
The women extension staff are empowered through building their capacities in innovative techniques
with livestock related activities. Many of the targeted women have become district-based leading
trainers who train rural women on: 1) good practices in the production of home traditional dairy
products (zabadi, hakin, butter, cheese); 2) good practices of cow milking and dairy hygiene; 3) good
practices of small-scale backyard small ruminant fattening; and 4) good practices of animal feeding and
introduction of new feeding technologies.
Women groups have been empowered with the production and marketing of improved traditional
dairy products, improving their income and standards of living. Many women farmers and producers
were encouraged to start a small business of dairy / fattening farms and milk processing after attending
the workshops and granted with supplies.
Other Changes
As the project implemented in the course of ongoing conflict, some project beneficiaries have been
found displaced and some others on the contrary moved into the project areas and supported by the
project. Worth noting that these IDPs initially were not the target of the project.
Discussion Results of Targeted Beneficiaries
Overall, the majority of surveyed beneficiaries (97%) stated satisfaction on the project services and its
implementation mechanism. The rest expressed dissatisfaction due to various reasons as follows.
- Beneficiaries have been mostly selected from neighboring villages and in some cases few
households targeted from the same village;
- Some beneficiaries stated that millet and sorghum seeds were distributed when the cultivation
season was over. As they could not afford purchasing seeds from the local market themselves, they
had to cultivate the project provided seeds although it was late. As a result, the productivity was
not at the desired level.
- Others raised concern over the quantity of inputs distributed, especially animal feed. While few
could afford purchasing animal feed from local market once they saw the benefits, others could not
afford and stopped practicing animal feed upon the stocks provided by the project was over.
- Given the different size and colour of the project seeds distributed compared to local seeds, some
farmers were cautious and did not cultivate.
- Few also complained about the remoteness of distribution points, which incurred additional cost
for transportation.
Regardless of the insignificant share of beneficiaries’ dissatisfaction (3%), the assessment team advises
to consider the above shortcomings in the future.
17
The majorities of the respondents of household surveys observed no negative unintended
consequences by the project interventions, which was confirmed by the focus group discussions and
KIIs. At the same time, about 8% of the KIIs had some feedbacks to share. Particularly, minor conflicts
at the distribution points initiated by those outside the lists who also claimed assistance, as well as
livestock owners reporting about a mortality of their livestock after feeding their animals with the feed
block and sugar molasses provided by the project. While the first issue was settled by the implementing
partners on the spot, for the latter the project team reported that their investigation revealed the
incorrect use of feed blocks. For instance, while the feed block should be placed complete in dry place
in the barn so that livestock does not consume more than needed, some farmers grinded and put in
front of their livestock. As a result, the livestock was intoxicated due to excess consumption, which
ultimately led to the death.
Majorities of beneficiaries reported the increase of income due to the project assistance, especially the
producers of crops and dairy. In addition to income, households reported improvement in the dietary
diversity of their households. Although the assistance was limited, respondents stated that they are
continuing the application of introduced practices as they saw their benefits. In particular, milk
producers, who now make use of modern dairy equipment for milk processing that improves the
quantity and quality of produced dairy as well as feeding their livestock with improved feeds to increase
the appetite of animal that ultimately result in the increase of milk and meat production.
The assessment revealed loss of certain share of crops during harvesting, which reduced the expected
income of farmers. This was mainly justified by the limited knowledge of farmers in proper harvesting
techniques.
About 87% of KIIs stated that the project succeeded in its approach to target and deliver the right
services with almost all KIIs (94%) reporting that the project achieved its objectives (50% fully achieved;
44% partial achieved). The factors behind this notion is meeting the needs of farmers at first (64%), and
good partnership between agriculture offices and the project in second (36%).
LESSONS LEARNED AND BEST PRACTICES
Partnership with public institutions is found rewarding. FAO involved the Ministry of Agriculture and
Irrigation (MAI) offices in Hajjah, Lahj and Abyan governorates, as well as Tehama Development
Authority (TDA) in Hodeida governorate in the implementation, monitoring and follow up of field
activities. This strategy is believed to sustain activities through the VAPGs and the Extension Supervisory
Committees (ESCs) at the district level, which are the key actors in the field providing support to
producers. Partnership with these institutions not only ensured the project success, but also has
strengthened the capacity of those institutions as they undergo through difficult periods nowadays.
Patience and persistence is a key under current circumstances. Currently, all international agencies in
Yemen work under two government structures (defacto governing authorities based at Sanaa and
Internationally recognized government based at Aden). This affects the timely implementation of
interventions given the necessity of getting clearances from both sides, sometimes different sides having
different regulations and at times bureaucracy reflected in unnecessary and lengthy processes. In such
a context, lengthy administrative routine could be imminent. For instance, at times albeit getting
18
necessary clearances from authorities, the project staff remained skeptical without being assured that
the matter is settled. One of the methods that the project deployed to ensure timely delivery of
assistance was persistence reflected in the continuous follow up and contacts with stakeholders.
Lack of due communication with the affected population raises concerns over the credibility of the
agency and its employees. Although the project team undertook every effort to ensure transparency in
the selection of beneficiaries for agriculture inputs, yet many people had been reaching with complaints
about the unfair and biased selection process. This in part was due to the confusing and vague selection
criteria utilized, especially the borderline between eligible and non-eligible.
Approaching the same households with a mix of support leads to more tangible results. Provision of
agriculture inputs to the household coupled with capacity building activities as well as supply with
education materials such as booklets on various agriculture practices, maximizes the impact at the
household level and builds resilience. Although, this approach will cover less number of beneficiaries,
the results at the household level are more tangible.
Targeting women with the livestock related interventions has paid back. The project has emphasized
on women empowerment through livestock related activities, where women represented more than
50% of total project beneficiaries. This is mainly due to the fact that livestock growing is commonly the
duty of women. Supporting women in processing and marketing of dairy products, as well as fattening
of backyard small ruminants, had resulted in increasing the economic return on family income.
The more collaboration between stakeholders is built on the ground of trust, the better are chances for
the project success. Most farmers and other stakeholders appreciated and valued a good relationship
of the project team, which they think was the key in ensuring the project success. The trust built between
stakeholders contributed to the smooth run of project interventions.
The armed conflict in certain project areas undermined the achievement of expected results. For
instance, under heavy shelling, some farmers reportedly lost their livestock, others had to flee the war
zone and migrate their livestock to a safer locations, or women engaged in dairy production in
Hodeidah are now earning less income as the milk collection and processing factory where they would
sell their milk was destroyed.
CASE STUDIES AND STORIES
1. Opportunities Created for Rural Women to Make Living
The dairy sub sector is crucial in Yemen as dairy products make up a significant portion of food basket
countrywide. As population grows, demand for dairy products is also growing, which is presently
supplied by imported powdered milk, long-life milk, cheese, and other dairy products (more than 95
per cent of marketable dairy products is imported).
To capitalize on the above opportunity, as part of the ERRY Programme funded by the European Union,
FAO in cooperation with the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation of Yemen provided support to small
dairy producers and women-headed households to improve milk hygiene, handle and process dairy
products at home level. Particularly, the project created income generation opportunities for women-
19
headed households and enhanced their skills in processing and marketing the improved traditional
dairy products such as yoghurt, buttermilk, butter, ghee, and white cheese.
For ensuring marketing of the produces, FAO established Women’s Groups that clusters women into
several groups of 15 members each. These Groups were granted essential stainless steel and food grade
dairy utensils for domestic dairy processing. The major role of the Groups is to collect milk from
producers trained on improving their milk quality and producing dairy products at home, and sell their
products to customers.
The women’s groups in Hajjah, Hodeidah and Lahj have been quite successful in selling their dairy
products. However, Women Groups in Abyan lagged behind due to the lack of a good market for dairy
products, as well as farmers feeling ashamed to sell their milk to their neighbors, even though they were
in need to purchase diesel for farming activities in exchange of growing price.
To address the above, FAO established a Dairy Production Unit in the office of the Ministry of Agriculture
and Irrigation in Abyan to support these Women Groups. The Dairy Production Unit in Abyan, made
up of eight agriculture trainers, succeeded in changing the mentality of farmers by convincing them
that it was necessary for them to adopt a coping mechanism to the current crises in the country and
sell their milk to the Unit rather than to their neighbors directly.
“Back in 2008, I submitted a proposal to the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation to establish the same
unit that ERRY established today, and I mentioned that Abyan has a wealth of livestock that needs to be
utilized, but sadly, my proposal was kept in the drawers of the Ministry. I was greatly surprised when FAO
hired me to run the Unit that I had planned for about a decade ago,” said Ms Iqbal Omar, the Head of
the Unit.
Today, the Unit collects between 60–100 liters of milk daily from farmers in 10 villages of Zunjubar
district. It takes them between 3-4 hours to prepare milk by-products, such as full-fat and skimmed
yoghurt, buttermilk, and cheese. About 20% of these products are now sold inside the Unit, the
remaining amount is distributed to mini-markets in the area. Each member of the Unit makes an
average of YR 3,000 a day (around US$ 6).
2. FAO Launches the First Feed Block Factory in Yemen
Hodeida governorate has been greatly affected by the ongoing conflict in Yemen. Food and jobs have
become scarce, industries have fallen apart, and businesses have gone bankrupt. As a result, citizens
have suffered massive unemployment and loss of source of income. Animals also have been severely
affected. They became under-nourished, prone to diseases, and unproductive.
To alleviate the suffering of people and animals in crisis-affected areas in Yemen, FAO within ERRY
Programme launched a factory to produce nutrient feed blocks with local ingredients. These feed blocks
are concentrated nutrient given to livestock to improve their health and increase their milk production.
In the pilot phase, feed blocks were given for free to 2,500 farmers who own smallholdings.
“My cows were weak and were not producing enough milk before giving them these nutrient feed blocks,
but now they are much stronger and more productive of milk,” said Abdullah Mustafa, a beneficiary
farmer from Hodeida. As a result of giving cows feed blocks, their milk production increased from 0.5
to 1 liter a day per cow.
20
The production of feed blocks in Yemen is a revolutionary initiative that saved many animals and
changed many people’s livelihoods; animals are better nourished and more productive, and as a result
farmers are more self-reliant and there are jobs created.
SUSTAINABILITY
The project was successful in ensuring the sustainability of practices it introduced to the target
communities. This was mainly provided by implementing the FFS to improve the skills and knowledge
of farmers on various agriculture techniques. This improvement is currently manifested by farmers
continuing feeding their livestock with animal feeds introduced by the project by purchasing from their
own pockets, dairy farmers continuing producing dairy products using equipment provided by the
project, operational fodder chopping machines, farmers reproducing seeds delivered by the project
(especially Rhodes grass).
Support of private sector in the production of feed blocks enabled access to livestock feed with a
reasonable price. The feed block production units have been found operational with growing demands
by the population. Yet, there is a room for expanding geographically.
At the same time, the assessment revealed certain degree of skepticism over the functionality of the
institutions created by the project, particularly the VAPGs. Most respondents claimed that the role of
VAPGs were limited with facilitating the selection of beneficiaries and distribution of inputs.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- Recommendation 1. More rigorous awareness raising sessions to be arranged prior distributing
inputs, especially animal feed and concentrates. Moreover, the brochures and booklets should
contain information on the safety and precaution to avoid improper use of project inputs. Some
farmers reported about the cases of livestock loss due to improper practice of using the newly
introduced animal feed in the initial phases of the project implementation, especially in Habil Jabr
district in Lahj governorate and Abs district in Hajjah governorate. While the feed block should be
placed complete in dry place in the barn so that livestock does not consume more than needed,
some farmers grinded and put in front of their livestock. As a result, the livestock was intoxicated
due to excess consumption, which ultimately led to the death.
- Recommendation 2. Distribution of seeds should be planned and take place prior to cultivation
season, considering agro-ecological peculiarities of the target areas. Post-cultivation advisory
services shall be made available by the project, especially given that the seeds are unknown to local
population and cultivated for the first time. No change have been revealed in the income level of
the cereal seeds (millet and sorghum) beneficiaries. This is due to the hesitation of farmers to
cultivate unknown variety of seeds as well as distribution of seeds with slight delay in cultivation
season. This made farmers to save their seeds for the next season. Farmers also informed about
the lack of extension services in their areas as well as insufficient support from the project after crop
cultivation to ensure desired productivity of their crops.
21
- Recommendation 3. Communication with the affected population to be enhanced. Focus group
discussions with the affected population revealed their concerns over the beneficiary selection
process, which they believed was at times unfair and biased. This in part was due to the confusing
and vague selection criteria utilized, especially the borderline between eligible and non-eligible.
Along with public consultations with the target population prior the selection process and
awareness session prior distribution, the project shall make use of the FAO Yemen’s recently
established beneficiary feedback mechanism. FAO Yemen contact details for lodging a complaint
shall be made available to beneficiaries.
- Recommendation 4. The next phase activities should be designed considering current Yemen
turbulent context targeting also IDPs, returnees and other vulnerable segments. The current project
seem to be designed for different scenario within more stable contexts. Besides, programme for
the next phase should consider that the project staff evacuated from Hodeida may still be based in
Sanaa, so that coordination structure of the project may need to be reviewed. Besides, the VAPGs
shall be subject to a more in-depth analysis, which results should be incorporated in programming
the next phase to ensure their sustainability.
- Recommendation 5. Sugar molasses are better to be packages in bottles for easier transportation
and distribution, as well as ensure proper awareness raising sessions on the techniques of feeding
molasses to the livestock. Distribution of molasses was arranged from trucks to all desired residents
within community markets for free by registering the recipients right on the spot. This approach,
although found effective to certain extent given markets are visited by the inhabitants of
neighboring villages, nevertheless inhabitants of remote villages were found not benefitting from
these activities as trucks could not access them, though the major activity of people dwelling in
those remote villages is pastoralism. In addition, some respondents informed that the molasses fed
caused diarrhea and other health issues to their livestock.
- Recommendation 6. The synergy between four involved agencies needs improvement. Although
the coordination of activities between agencies discussed in various platforms, however the synergy
was found weak. To ensure resilience of rural communities and maximize the impact, more
integrated approach could be employed in reaching the target communities. For instance, out of
nine districts covered by FAO, the presence of all four agencies within ERRY was reported only in
two districts.
22
ANNEXES
Annex 1. Workplan
ACTIVITIES TIMEFRAME
a. Methodological approach and plan drafted and presented Aug 2, 2018
b. Reporting template obtained from UNDP Oct 23, 2018
c. Methodological approach and plan finalized Oct 31, 2018
d. ToR developed Nov 5, 2018
e. Desk review of progress reports and outcome-related documentation Nov 15, 2018
f. Data collection tools developed (KII, FGD, HH survey) Nov 15, 2018
g. Enumerators recruited and trained, including testing data collection tools in the
field Nov 11, 2018
h. Field data collection Nov 13-Dec 10, 2018
i. Data entry and analysis Jan 5, 2019
j. First draft of the report Mar 15, 2019
k. Final report in form and substance satisfactory to UNDP, submitted 2 weeks
after the receipt of final comments from UNDP Mar 25, 2019
23
Annex 2. Progress against indicators
Output Baseline KPI by 2019-02 Progress %
achieved
Output 1:
Community
livelihoods and
productive assets
are improved to
strengthen
resilience and
economic self-
reliance
Lack of community
institutions to support
farmers with value chain
development services
85 Village Agricultural
Producers’ Groups (VAPG’s)
grouping neighboring
villages in project sited are
established to empower and
provide services to farmers
85 100%
Technical and
operational capacities of
communities to engage
in viable value chain
opportunities are
inadequate and there is
no farmer field school
(FFS) schemes
20,000 farmers, including
25% female, attended
training sessions on
livestock/crop value chain
productivity including
through 100 FFS established
20,745
farmers
(40%
female)
134 FFS
104%
(160%)
134%
Farmers opportunities
and access to
agricultural inputs are
limited
14,000 food insecure HHs
(84,000 individuals) benefited
from agricultural inputs
distributed
15,743 HHs 112%
Frequent animal
diseases with absence of
regular vaccination
At least 590,000 sheep and
goats vaccinated against
diseases benefiting 24,000 of
livestock farmers (144,000
individuals)
900,000
sheep and
goats
25,000
farmers
(162,500
individuals)
153%
104%
(113%)
Output 3: Informal
networks promote
social cohesion
through
community
dialogue and
delivery of services
Water User Association
(WUA) are either not
existent or are not fully
operational in the
targeted governorates
30 communities where WUA
developed a mechanism to
facilitate dialogues for water
resource management,
agriculture production
system, and crop production
system
32 107%
24
Annex 3. Key Informant Interviews
# NAME GENDE
R DISTRICT
GOVERNOR
ATE
POSITION AND
AGENCY
DATE OF
INTERVIEW
1 Ahmed Hassan Saleh
Alshimry
Male Bani Qais Hajjah Secretary General of the
Local Council
17/11/2018
2
Darwish Ali
Mohammed
Abdullah Al-Hajri
Male Bani Qais Hajjah Director of Agriculture
Office - Bani Qais
15/11/2018
3 Jihan Droubesh Ali
Mohamed
Female Bani Qais Hajjah Extension Worker 15/11/2018
4 Mohammed Nasser
Saifan
Male Bani Qais Hajjah Field School Trainer 15/11/2018
5 Samah Ali Saleh
Qshoh
Female Bani Qais Hajjah Agricultural engineer 15/11/2018
6 Abdulrahman Al
Rifai
Male AlZuhrah Hodeidah Director General
Directorate Zuhra
30/11/2018
7 Mohammed
Abdullah Al Shareef
Male AlZuhrah Hodeidah Field supporvisor- FAO 30/11/2018
8
Mohamed
Mahmoud Abdel
Wahab
Male AlZuhrah Hodeidah Head of Agricultural
Extension Department -
General Authority for
the Development of
Tihama
30/11/2018
9 Qasha Mohamed
Ghalib
Male AlZuhrah Hodeidah Agricultural Technician -
Moore Valley Project
30/11/2018
10 Mohamed Hadi
Ahmed
Male AlZuhrah Hodeidah Head of Rural
Committee
30/11/2018
11
Ahmed Mohamed
Yahya Abad
Male AlZuhrah Hodeidah President of the
Association of Water
Users
30/11/2018
12 Mohammed Hussein
Zubaidi
Male Almarweah Hodeidah Field supporvisor- FAO 30/11/2018
13 Raja Ahmed Hussein
Mohamed
Female Almarweah Hodeidah Animal Health Care 01/12/2018
14 Ebtisam Salem
Ahmed
Female Almarweah Hodeidah Animal Health Care 01/12/2018
15 Sadqiah Mohammed
Musa
Female Almarweah Hodeidah Animal Health Care 01/12/2018
16 Abdulhakim Ahmed
Salam
Male Bajil Hodeidah Head of Agricultural
Extension Center - Bajl
30/11/2018
17 Faeza Ahmed
Mohammed Abbas
Female Bajil Hodeidah Extension Worker 30/11/2018
18
Hijrah Ahmed Salem Female Bajil Hodeidah Agricultural Extension in
the field of animal
health
30/11/2018
25
# NAME GENDE
R DISTRICT
GOVERNOR
ATE
POSITION AND
AGENCY
DATE OF
INTERVIEW
19
Fikri Mohammed
Saleh Ahmed
Male Tuban Abyan Coordinator of
organizations in the
directorate Habil Jabr
17/11/2018
20 Jamilah Ali
Mohamed Ghalab
Female Tuban Abyan Extension Worker 13/11/2018
21 Mohsen Jaafar al -
Saqqaf
Male Tuban Abyan Director General of
Tuban Directorate
12/11/2018
22 Labya Thabet
Hassan
Female Tuban Lahj Extension Worker 17/11/2018
23 Zakaria Abdel
Hassan
Male Tuban Lahj Farmer 13/11/2018
24 Abdo Mohamed Ali Male Habil Jabr Lahj President of Falaj Ayad
Agricultural Association
13/11/2018
25 Melhem Mohamed
Osman
Male Habil Jabr Lahj Extension Worker 17/11/2018
26
Mohsen Hussein
Thabet
Male Habil Jabr Lahj Acting Director of
Agriculture Office -
Habil Jabr
17/11/2018
27 Saeed Saleh Ceylon Male Habil Jabr Lahj Director of Agricultural
Extension - Lahj
14/11/2018
28 Thabit Saleh Hussein Male Habil Jabr Lahj Head of village council 17/11/2018
29 Abdullah Abdo
Salem Al-Qaoud
Male Zungobar Abyan Director of Agriculture
Office-Zanzibar
15/11/2018
30 Awad Saleh Awad
Saeed
Male Zungobar Abyan Extension Worker 13/11/2018
31 Yasser Abu Bakr
Saleh Al Hassani
Male Zungobar Abyan Director of Agriculture
Office-Khanfar
12/11/2018
32
Abu Bakr Saleh
Omar
Male Zungobar Abyan Director of Agricultural
Extension and Training
Center - Abyan
12/11/2018
33 Mujib Ahmed Yahya Male Khanfar Abyan Extension Worker 12/11/2018
34 Lina Ali Mohamed
Awad
Female Khanfar Abyan Public relations 13/11/2018
35 Ali Mahfouz Abdu Male Khanfar Abyan Extension Worker 13/11/2018
36
Khadija Said Ali
Ahmed
Female Khanfar Abyan Agricultural Advisor at
the Rural Women's
Office
13/11/2018
37 Raqih Mohammed
Bahloul
Female Khanfar Abyan President of the Bina
Association
13/11/2018
26
Annex 4. Focus Group Discussions
# General characteristics of
participants District Governorate Date
Number of participants
Male Female Total
1 Livestock and fattening practices Khanfar Abyan 12/11/2018 0 9 9
2 Livestock and fattening practices Khanfar Abyan 12/11/2018 0 10 10
3 Livestock and fattening practices Khanfar Abyan 13/11/2018 7 0 7
4 Livestock and fattening practices Tuban Lahj 12/11/2018 0 8 8
5 Livestock and fattening practices Habil Jabr Lahj 12/11/2018 0 8 8
6 Livestock and fattening practices Tuban Lahj 12/11/2018 8 0 8
7 Livestock and fattening practices Habil Jabr Lahj 13/11/2018 8 0 8
8 Livestock and fattening practices Bani Qais Hajjah 15/11/2018 0 7 7
9 Livestock and fattening practices Bani Qais Hajjah 15/11/2018 0 9 9
10 Livestock and fattening practices Bani Qais Hajjah 17/11/2018 0 10 10
11 Livestock and fattening practices Az Zuhrah Hodeida 30/11/2018 0 9 9
12 Livestock and fattening practices Almaraweah Hodeida 01/12/2018 8 0 8
13 Livestock and fattening practices Bajl Hodeida 01/12/2018 0 9 9
14 Livestock and fattening practices Bajl Hodeida 01/12/2018 0 8 8
15 Livestock and fattening practices Bajl Hodeida 02/12/2018 0 9 9
16 Livestock and fattening practices Bajl Hodeida 02/12/2018 0 10 10
17 Livestock and fattening practices Bajl Hodeida 03/12/2018 6 0 6
18 Livestock and fattening practices Bajl Hodeida 03/12/2018 7 0 7
19 Dairy Producers Tuban Lahj 12/11/2018 8 0 8
20 Dairy Producers Habil Jabr Lahj 13/11/2018 8 0 8
21 Dairy Producers Khanfar Abyan 13/11/2018 8 0 8
22 Dairy Producers Khanfar Abyan 13/11/2018 0 7 7
23 Dairy Producers Khanfar Abyan 13/11/2018 0 8 8
24 Dairy Producers Tuban Lahj 14/11/2018 0 9 9
25 Dairy Producers Habil Jabr Lahj 13/11/2018 0 8 8
26 Dairy Producers Bani Qais Hajjah 17/11/2018 0 12 12
27 Dairy Producers Az Zuhrah Hodeida 01/12/2018 0 8 8
28 Dairy Producers Bani Qais Hajjah 17/11/2018 8 0 8
29 Dairy Producers Almaraweah Hodeida 02/12/2018 0 0 0
30 Dairy Producers Bajl Hodeida 01/12/2018 0 10 10
31 Dairy Producers Bajl Hodeida 02/12/2018 0 10 10
32 Farmers Tuban Lahj 14/11/2018 0 6 6
33 Farmers Tuban Lahj 14/11/2018 8 0 8
34 Farmers Khanfar Abyan 12/11/2018 7 0 7
35 Farmers Khanfar Abyan 13/11/2018 0 6 6
36 Farmers Khanfar Abyan 14/11/2018 0 10 10
37 Farmers (WUAs) Az Zuhara Hodeida 30/11/2018 9 0 9
27
# General characteristics of
participants District Governorate Date
Number of participants
Male Female Total
38 Farmers (WUAs) Az Zuhara Hodeida 01/12/2018 12 0 12
39 Farmers Bani Qais Hajjah 15/11/2018 8 0 8
40 Farmers Bani Qais Hajjah 15/11/2018 10 0 10
41 Farmers Almaraweah Hodeida 01/12/2018 0 9 9
42 Farmers Bajl Hodeida 01/12/2018 0 7 7
43 Farmers Bajl Hodeida 02/12/2018 0 8 8
44 Farmers Bajl Hodeida 03/12/2018 7 0 7
Total 137 224 361
