Upload
delphia-floyd
View
223
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
THYROID GLAND
located at _________________________________ two important thyroid hormones (which
regulate body metabolism, growth, and differentiation of tissues)____________________________________________________________________________________
HORMONES THAT AFFECT METABOLISM Three different glands affect metabolism ____________________________________________
helps regulate body metabolism (glucose oxidation rate)
produces three hormones triiodothyronine, thyroxine, calcitonin
______________________________________________ produces parathyroid hormone helps regulate calcium levels in blood and
lower phosphate levels _______________________________________________
produces growth hormones and regulatory hormones
HORMONES THAT AFFECT METABOLISM
Gland Hormone Action
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Anterior Pituitary Gland
THYROID GLAND
individuals who secrete higher levels of thyroxine oxidize sugars and other nutrients _____________
__________________________________________ When glycogen stores are filled, excess sugar
is converted to ___________________________ control of thyroid hormones is accomplished
by ____________________
FEEDBACK LOOP... receptors in hypothalamus are activated if the
metabolic rate __________________________ nerve cells secrete ______ (thyroid releasing
hormone) this stimulates pituitary to release _________(thyroid
stimulating hormone) carried by blood to thyroid gland which then
releases ___________________________which raises metabolism by _______________________________
____________________________________by cells high levels of thyroxine cause pathway to be
turned ________________, inhibiting release of TRH Thyroid gland also contains ________________________
hormone acting on _________________cells to lower level of __________________________found in blood
OH NO!
when inadequate amounts of iodine are obtained from the diet, thyroid enlarges, producing a _________.
If thyroxine levels ↓’s, TSH ↑’s, and thyroid is stimulated more and more
Thyroid cells continue to develop and thyroid _________________
PARATHYROID GLANDS
____________________parathyroid glands hidden within larger thyroid gland
Usually nerves or other hormones regulate the endocrine glands with the parathyroid glands being the ________________________________These maintain homeostasis by responding
__________________________________in their immediate surroundings (low calcium levels)
PTH raises _______________levels in the blood
PTH (parathyroid hormone) also help activate vitamin D. (Low levels of vit D cause rickets!)
RICKETS AND GOITERS...
REGULATION OF BLOOD CALCIUM
blood calcium level(10 mg/100mL)
calcitonin
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Ca++ uptakein intestines
high
low
FeedbackEndocrine System Control
kidney reabsorption of Ca++
bones release Ca++
kidney reabsorption of Ca++
Ca++ depositedin bones
activated Vitamin D
thyroid
parathyroid
HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE (AKA SOMATOTROPIN)
Too little = __________ Too much = __________ Released by Ant. Pit. GH increases cell
__________in muscle cell and connective tissue by promoting Protein Synthesis (increasing Amino Acid uptake)
Promotes fat burning Dec. Levels of GH with
age
HGH AND CONTROVERSY...
Should you take it?
GH affects all body cells BUT mainly ____________cells
_____________________________bones of jaw, forehead, fingers and toes increase in width, once other bones can no longer increase in length (growth plates fused)