Balance Hormones without a Prescription

Lynn Lafferty, Pharm.D., N.D.

Hydroxyprogeterone

Hydroxypregnenolone

Corticosterone

Deoxycortisol11-Deoxycorticosterone

18-Hydroxycorticosterone

Androstenediol

Estrone Estradiol

16-a-Hydroxyestrone

2-Hydroestrone

2-Methoxyestrone2-Methoxyestradiol

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

Androstanediol

Na+/ K+ Balance Anti-InflammatorySugar Stabilizer

5-a-reductase metabolites

2-hydroxylation metabolites

16-hydroxylation metabolites

Pregnenolone

Progesterone

Aldosterone

Cholesterol

Testosterone

Dehydroepiandrosterone

DHEA

Androstenedione

Cortisol

Estriol

Drugs Pesticides

Food additivesHormones Histamine

Liver Detoxification

PHASE I

*500-1,000 enzymes * SulfationCYP450 *Glucuronidation

* Acetylation* Oxidation * Glutathione/aa* Reduction conjugation* Hydrolysyis * Methylation

PHASE IITOXIN

BIOTRANSFORMATION

Assessment

Tests Saliva Test Blood Test Stool Test

Symptom Survey GI Liver Toxicity Sympathetic dominance Hypo/Hyper adrenal Hypo or hyper thyroid Sugar Deregulation

Regland’s Test Temperature

Test Iodine Test

Liver/Gallbladder

Detoxify hormones, drugs, and chemicals Hormones are altered or excreted

Thyroid Most steroid (estrogen) hormones

Can lead to excess accumulation of hormones

Formation of Bile Storage of vitamins and iron Formation of factors used in blood coagulation

Estrogen Metabolism

Hydroxylation 2 hydroxyestrone (Good/weak) 4-OH and 16 OH (Continued proliferation activity)

Cruciferous vegetables

Methylation By COMT enzymes

Glucuronidation Some enzymes in gut can compromise this

Testosterone

Oxidation Reduction

Detox Recommendations

Milk Thistle and/or silyamarin

Artichoke Juniper Berry Yellow Dock Oregon grape Dandelion

Beets and beet root Bovine liver Defatted wheat germ Burdock Chaparral Green Cruciferous

Veg.

Liver/Gallbladder Toxicity

Dry skin Itching skin and feet Rashes Bitter metallic taste Greasy, milk foods

upset, cause pain or watery stool

Low thyroid symptoms

Bad Breath Headaches Falling Hair Pain in area Hormone issues

Liver Problems can cause Thyroid Problems

Need selenium for actions May need to detox liver (phase 1 & 2

detox pathways) Liver repair if needed with liver

protomorphagen

Yeast Spit Test

First thing in the morning spit in a glass of room temperature filtered water and watch every 15 minutes

Yeast Indicated if: Cloudy String

Stomach and Small Intestine

Gastrin Stimulates HCl production in stomach

Small Intestine CCK (Cholecystokinin)

Gallbladder Contraction Release of pancreatic enzymes

Secretin Stimulates pancreas to release Sodium Bicarbonate to

increase pH

Link Between Thyroid and Pathogens

Several studies show a strong link between AITD (both Hashimoto’s and Graves’) and gluten intolerance.

Yersinia enterocolitica (Graves) Yeast

Recommendations

No Stomach Acid or digestive enzymes Betaine Stomach tissue factors Pancreas enzymes and glandular Pepsin

Too Much Acid (Mucus building herbs) Okra Aloe Vera Marshmallow Slippery elm

Natural Balancers of the Gut

Probiotics Prebiotic Golden Seal Oregano Oil Grapefruit seed extract

Recommendations

Constipation Fenugreek Bile salts Fennel seed Cascara Sagrada Ginger Aloe Vera

Recommendations

Reflux Meadowsweet Chamomile Licorice Aloe Vera Gel or juice

Toxins in Bowels Bentonite Clay Chlorophyll capsules

Healers Apple Pectin Collinsonia Root

“Vascular astringent” Hemorrhoids

Thyroid

T4 (Thyroxin) Turned into T3 mostly in liver

T3 (Triiodothyroxine) Stimulates metabolism in cells

Calcitonin Promotes calcium intake into bones Decreases extracellular calcium

Diet Mostly raw foods to give pancreas a break

Salads Dressings with herbs and vinegar

Vegetables Juices

Fresh organic fruit Pectin

Prebiotic Decreases testosterone and estrogens

Fermented Foods with good bacteria Raw cheese, milk yogurt Cultured or fermented vegetables, Kefir Kombucha Raw apple cider vinegar

Lean Proteins

Thyroid Natural Balancers

Bacopa found to increase T4 in animal studies

Bladderwreck has iodine Prolamine Iodine Thyroid Protomorphagen

Glandulars

Whole Glands Only used short term because of atrophy Contains all factors of the glands

Hormones Enzymes Tissue Factors

Thyroid Adrenal Thymus Spleen

Factors Affecting Adrenals

Hypoadrenal

Weak nails Chronic fatigue Crave salt and sugar Brown spots Respiratory Disorders Swollen Ankles

Circulatory Disorders Dizziness when you

get up quickly Depression Tired

Whole Food Nutrition vs. Drug Store Vitamins

Regular Vitamins made like drugs High quantities of a chemical extractions A scientist decided this ingredient was the most active

Whole Food Supplements Should be organic when possible Contains complexes with things that have not been

studied Digested, metabolized, utilized and excreted like food

Glandulars: Cytosol Extracts

Cytosol Extracts From cell cytoplasm which is inside the

membrane of the cell The cytoplasm is the site where most cellular

activities occur, such as many metabolic pathways like glycolysis and processes such as cell division.

Used in more acute cases

Protomorphogens

Can be used long term Extracts of nucleic acids from cell nucleus

RNA (Ribonucleic) messenger, transfer, ribosomal DNA and Protein synthesis

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) Contains genetic instructions in development and functioning

of all living things Carries the “genes” Held together by sugars and phosphate

Recommendations

Phosphorylated Serine Organic Minerals Vitamin C complex in whole food supplement Adrenal Protomorphagen Desiccated anterior pituitary Manganese Calmative Herbs with withinia, St John's Wort,

Schisandra, Damiana and Skullcap Calcium Vit E2 Complex

Recommendations

Desiccated adrenal 2 times a day for 30-45 days

Vitamin B whole food complex Vitamin C whole food complex Vitamin B12 Trace Minerals Licorice

AdaptogenRefers to a natural herb product that is proposed

to increase the body's resistance to stress, trauma, anxiety and fatigue

Eleuthero Licorice Maca Holy Basil Ginseng Rhodiola

Schisandra Ashwagandha/Withania Cordyceps Noni Chaga mushroom Reishi mushroom

Licorice Licorice has antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, laxative,

and soothing properties May block metabolism of prostaglandins E and F2 alpha Reduces conversion of Cortisol to inactive cortisone in the

kidneys Licorice decreases testosterone production in men who

eat licorice Likely due to glycyrrhetinic acid inhibiting the enzyme 17-

hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which converts androstenedione to testosterone

Glycyrrhetinic acid also seems to inhibit 17-20 lyase which converts 17-hydroxyprogesterone to androstenedione

Reference: Natural Medicine Comprehensive Database

Licorice

Uses: Adrenal insufficiency

(Addison's disease) Aplastic anemia Apthous ulcers / canker sores Atopic dermatitis Bleeding stomach ulcers

caused by aspirin Dental hygiene Dyspepsia (functional) Familial Mediterranean Fever

(FMF) Herpes simplex virus High potassium levels

resulting from abnormally low aldosterone levels

HIV Hyperprolactinemia

(neuroleptic-induced) Idiopathic

thrombocytopenic purpura Inflammation Polycystic ovarian

syndrome Reducing body fat mass Upper respiratory tract

infections Viral hepatitis (SNMC) Peptic ulcer disease

Ashwaganda/Withinia

Adaptogen Sedative Anxiolytic Analgesic Antipyretic Immunomodulatory Hypotensive Anti-inflammatory Antioxidant effects Stimulate respiratory function Smooth muscle relaxation Stimulate thyroid synthesis and/or secretion

Thyroid

Thyroxin (T4)and tri-iodothyronine(3) essential for normal organ growth,

development and function. regulate the basal metabolic rate of all cells,

including hepatocytes, and thereby modulate hepatic function;

the liver in turn metabolizes the thyroid hormones and regulates their systemic endocrine effects.

Thyroid Conversion

The thyroid gland secretes 110 nmol of thyroxine(T4) 10 nmol of tri-iodothyronine(T3) each day.16 T3 has ten times greater affinity and efficacy than T4

for the nuclear receptor, There are t 3 groups of enzymes that regulate thyroid hormone

metabolism, forming part of the iodothyronine seleno-deiodinase enzyme system They are responsible for the activation of T4 to T3

Hypothyroid

Gaining weight inappropriately or unable to lose weight My "normal" body temperature is low Frequently feel cold Fatigued, exhausted more than normal Hair is rough, coarse dry, breaking, brittle, or falling out Skin is rough, coarse, dry, scaly, itchy and thick Nails have been dry, brittle, and break more easily Voice has become hoarse, husky or gravelly Feeling depressed, restless, moody, sad Difficulty concentrating or remembering things Puffiness and swelling around the eyes, eyelids, face, feet, hands

and feet

Bacopa (Brahmi)

Memory Possible mechanisms for cognitive improvement

include modulation of acetylcholine release, choline acetylase activity, and muscarinic cholinergic receptor binding

Thyroid effects:(200mg/kg) leaf extracts increased T(4) concentration in

male mice, suggesting its thyroid-stimulating role

increased T(4) concentration by 41% without enhancing hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO), hepatic LPO was decreased and superoxide dismutase

(SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities increased showing its antiperoxidative role

Withania/ Ashwaganda

Shown to increase T4 Antiperoxidative (antioxidant)

Hyperthyroidsm

Graves Disease Autoimmune Excessive T4

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Autoimmune Thyroid burns out to hypothyroidsm

Link to anaerobic bacteria Link to celiac(5 times more thyroid problems)

Yesina Oregano oil, berberne(Golden seal), Garlic, Coconut oil,Black hull, cat’s claw, pH balancer to promote growth of important gut bacteria Prebiotic and probiotic

Recommendations

Liver Cleanse Natural Anti-biotics Thyroid Protomorphagen Iodine Trace Minerals Calcium/Magnesium Calmative herbs

Peri menopause and Menopause

Decrease of Progesterone from Corpus Luteum (peri)

Menopause “Loss of ovarian function characterized by cessation of menses ↓ Estrogen ↓ Progesterone ↑ LH ↑ FSH

Hydroxyprogeterone

Hydroxypregnenolone

Corticosterone

Deoxycortisol11-Deoxycorticosterone

18-Hydroxycorticosterone

Androstenediol

Estrone Estradiol

16-a-Hydroxyestrone

2-Hydroestrone

2-Methoxyestrone2-Methoxyestradiol

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

Androstanediol

Na+/ K+ Balance Anti-InflammatorySugar Stabilizer

5-a-reductase metabolites

2-hydroxylation metabolites

16-hydroxylation metabolites

Pregnenolone

Progesterone

Aldosterone

Cholesterol

Testosterone

Dehydroepiandrosterone

DHEA

Androstenedione

Cortisol

Estriol

Ovary and Uterus

Ovarian cycle depends on FHS and LH from anterior pituitary Target specific receptors on ovary which stimulate

enzymes to make hormones FSH and LH surge coincides with ovulation around

day 11

Problems Could they breast feed Brain Trauma

Questions

Hot flashes Night sweats PMS Painful Breasts Acne Depression

Sleep Scanty or missed

period Hysterectomy Headaches Dizziness Mood swings

Iodine

Needed for thyroid to work Goiter Myelination of the central nervous system

Need more during pregnancy Decreases fibrotic breasts

Bio-identical Hormones

Hormones made in a compounding pharmacy to look chemically like human hormones Yam Soy

Problems Dose Negative feedback mechanism

Problem Conversion

Xenoestrogens from plastics and environment Liver problems 2-OHE1 to 16α-OHE1 ratio

Lower ratio is significantly increase in breast and possibly prostate cancer

Urine Testing Cruciferous vegetable product enhances to a more positive ratio

DIM induces certain P-450 enzymes in the liver to block the production of the toxic 16-OH estrogens and enhance the production of the beneficial 2-OH forms.

Glandular Advantages

Re energize your own glands Not guessing to doses Metabolized like food Has glandulars for hypothalamus, pituitary,

testes, prostate, ovaries and uterus Less expensive Problem of atrophy solved through

protomorphagen and adaptogens

GnRH, FHS, LH

GnRH secreted by hypothalamus LH and FSH released by anterior pituitary LH stimulates testosterone to be secreted

by Leydig cells in testes FSH stimulates spermatogenesis GH needed for spermatogenesis

Black Cohosh

Use: Menopausal symptoms (hot flashes, menstrual

migraine) Also: Arthritis pain, infertility

MOA: Estrogen-like effects that are exerted by an unknown

mechanism Preliminary research suggests that black cohosh

might: Act as a partial agonist at serotonin receptors including 5HT-

1A, 5HT-1D, and 5HT-7 receptors Increases osteoblast activity

Wild Yam

Contain diosgenin, Phytoestrogen (derived from plants) that can

be chemically converted into progesterone Contains saponins, diosgenin which we use to

make “natural progesterone in lab” However, thinks it has mild estrogenic activity

Grows mammary tissue in mice without ovary

Chaste Tree/Vitex

The flavonoids in chaste tree exert an effect similar to the hormone progesterone Plant contains no hormonal compounds Possess dopamine properties that inhibit prolactin and

increase progesterone Acts on the pituitary gland

normalizes the release of both follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

Used for PMS and Cramps

Other Herbals

Sage Contains natural estrogens Hot flashes and night sweats

St John’s Wort Many studies show it decreases depression Lowers anxiety

Testosterone

Distribution of hair Voice Baldness Protein and muscle development Thickens and helps bone grow RBC’s Increases metabolic rate 15%

Questions for Male Hormonal Issues

Do you need to urinate frequently, especially at night Strain when urinating Difficulty in starting urination or holding back urine Inability to urinate Weak or interrupted flow of urine Painful or burning urination Blood in the urine Painful ejaculation Pain in the lower back, hips or upper thighs Sex Drive Muscle decrease Fat around middle increase Sleep

69 yo Male Panel

Saw Palmetto Use:

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Androgenetic alopecia Hypotonic neurogenic bladder Prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome

Demonstrates antiandrogenic, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties Noncompetitively inhibits 5 alpha-reductase types 1 and 2 and to

prevent the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) May slow prostate cell proliferation by inhibiting fibroblast growth factor and

epidermal growth factor and stimulating apoptosis Laboratory evidence suggests that it inhibits lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase

Laboratory evidence suggests that it inhibits lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase

Anti-estrogen, antispasmodic, and alpha-adrenergic inhibitory proper

Stinging Nettles

Reported to inhibit sex hormone binding globulin which has an effect on the androgenic receptors of the prostatic cytosol

Inhibits the effects of estrogen May influence the binding of 5 alpha-

dihydrotestosterone with its receptors

Tribulus (Puncture vine)

Increases levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and dihydrotestosterone

Aphrodisiac activity Tribulus might have anti-inflammatory activity as a

cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor Tribulus might have anti-anginal activity

These effects are attributed to the protodioscin constituent It seems to dilate coronary arteries and improve coronary circulation It also may lower blood pressure by inhibiting angiotensin-converting

enzyme (ACE) Extracts from the fruit and leaves seem to have a diuretic effects,

which may explain the traditional use of puncture vine for kidney stones and other urinary problems

Vitamin D

Vitamin D2 ergocalciferol Vitamin D3 cholecalciferol

Vitamin D3 is produced in the skin of vertebrates after exposure to ultraviolet B light from the sun

In liver converted to prohormone calcidiol Converted into calcitriol the biologically active form of vitamin D, either in the

kidneys or by monocyte-macrophages in the immune system acts locally as a cytokine defending the body against microbial invaders

When synthesized in the kidneys, calcitriol circulates as a hormone regulating the concentration of calcium and phosphate in the bloodstream, promoting the healthy mineralization, growth and remodeling of bone

Modulates neuromuscular function Reduces inflammation Influences the action of many genes that regulate the proliferation

differentiation and apoptosis of cells

Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)

Converted to pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is the principal coenzyme form and has the most importance in human metabolism Co factor in 100 reactions in the body

Neurotransmitters: serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Niacin (B3) Carpal Tunnel, tingling, pain ( increased with hypothyroidism) Helps for detoxification of hormones which may prevent

Breast CA Prostate CA

Vitamin C

The adrenal gland is among the organs with the highest concentration of vitamin C (as ascorbate)

Cofactor required both in catecholamine biosynthesis and in adrenal steroidogenesis

ACTH also causes vitamin C loss from adrenals

Vitamin B

Important for nerves Conversion of hormones Conversion of fatty acid pathway

Women’s Balance

B6 Black current seed oil

Oil to decrease PG 2 and increase hormone Fish oil

PMS Chaste Tree

Iodine Cruciferous Vegetables

Men’s Balance

Andropause Protomorphagen containing testes, pituitary, thyroid

and adrenal Heart issues too: Wheat Germ Oil

Low Sex Drive and/or low muscle Add Tribulus Fish Oil Cruciferous Vegetables Saw Palmetto

Men’s Balance

Prostate Health Iodine Calcium Saw Palmetto Prostate Protomorphagen Nettles

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• Kar, A. Panda, S. Bharti. S. Relative efficacy of three medicinalplant extracts in the alteration of thyroid hormone concentrations in male mice.

• http://www.naturaldatabase.com, Bladderwreck, last updated 3/17/2011

• http://www.naturaldatabase.com, Licorice, last updated 3/17/2011• http://www.naturaldatabase.com, Tribulus last updated 3/17/2011• Winston, David & Maimes, Steven. “Adaptogens: Herbs for Strength,

Stamina, and Stress Relief,” Healing Arts Press, 2007. • Robyn Klein."Allostasis Theory and Adaptogenic Plant Remedies" 2004 • Hobbs, Christopher "Medicinal mushrooms: The history, chemistry,

pharmacology and folk uses for modern times" Botanica Press, 1987. • http://www.naturaldatabase.com, Black Cohash, last updated

3/17/2011• http://www.naturaldatabase.com, Saw Palmetto, last updated

3/17/2011

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