Systemline_guide_3(2)

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Subject to alteration

3. Roof and Wall Cladding

Designing aspects

– Insertion of large continuous skylight panels improve the natural lighting of the space inside the hall. It implies, however, an unfavorable side-effect: due to its weaker insulating capacity, additional energy demand of space heating must be satisfied in winter and the inside air is too warm in summer, due to the „greenhouse effect”.

– Careful designing can mitigate the above disadvantages. The following methods proved to be viable and are, therefore, recommended:a., insertion of a 1.2 to 2.4 meter wide longitudinal translucent strip between the purlins

along the ridge of the roof,b., insertion of 0.9 meter wide translucent strips in each frame space, perpendicularly to the

ridge (approx. 6 meters long),c., insertion of 0.9 x 2.4 meter wide translucent panels in the middle of the raster fields,d., any combination of the above methods.

– insertion of a translucent panel into the tympanum of the end-walls (e) or in the facade cladding (f) can reduce the above mentioned unfavorable side-effects and contributes to the further improvement of natural lighting.

– The unfavorable consequences can be avoided and large and high quality skylight surfaces an be created by inserting either of the following advanced and multi-functional barrel-vault and cupola skylight.

c a

b

e

f

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®

87

6

5

4 3 2

1

4

Arched transparent trapezoidal profiled strip

In addition to the plane translucent panels of trapezoidal profile, the LINDAB system offers an opportunity for the insertion of arched translucent panels of trapezoidal profile. The „openable top” version offers special advantage.

Field of application: the skylight stripe is fastened on a steel plate footing which stands out of the plane of the roof by approx. 200 mm, runs along the ridge and features the following parameters:

S (mm) 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000α (°) 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

1., sealing profile2., bottom trapezoidal arch3., self-tapping screw, 5.5 x 36 mm4., spacer “Z” profile5., sealing profile6., upper trapezoidal arch7., sealed washer, F 25 mm8., self-tapping screw, 5.5 x 36 mm9., footing girder made of steel plate

R

S60 60

f

Profile geometry and cross-sectional arrangement

40

80

255 255 255 255

1020

1070

4

4

4 4 4

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Application technology instructions

– In the case of heat insulated sandwich-panel roofs, transparent foil must be substituted for the standard underlying foil where the skylight panels are to be inserted. The overlapping section of the foils must be sealed by self-adhesive strip, in order to provide for separation from the vented layers laid on top of these foils.

– The ridge flashing sheets (vented or not) must not be connected directly to the transparent skylight panels because the stresses arising in the roof structure can break the fastening screws free from the plastic sheets. To enhance safety of use, a strip of coated profiled steel sheet identical with the type of the roofing sheet is laid along the line of the ridge purlins. Then the flashing can be fastened reliably to the ridge purlins by LL2T self-tapping screws.

Tetõlemez PVC fólia

Alátét fólia (LAF)

Gerincszegély

LL2

~200 ~200

Tetõlemez csík Tömítõ profil

Bevilágító csík

Alátét fólia (LAF)

roofing sheet PVC foil

underlying foil (LAF)

ridge cap

transparent skylight sheet stripe

underlying foil (LAF)

sealing profileroof covering trapezoidal sheet

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3. Hall Cladding - Walls

Lábazatformák Tetôcsatlakozások

3.1.6.2. Dome-light

The dome/cupola skylights are made in one, two or three-layer versions and of acryl or

polycarbonate; their shape can be drop-, pyramid- or sawtooth-shaped. They can be of the

fixed or openable top version; can be used for venting, for improved space lighting, for heat

dissipation or smoke exhaustion and they can be opened/closed manually, or by electric motor,

compressed air or compressed gas.

The raw material of the footing is glass-fiber reinforced polyester (upon special request, it can be

made of aluminum or galvanized steel, heat insulation is provided in both cases). Its height can be

either 15 or 30 cm (in case of the version equipped with fan: m = 50 cm). It is delivered complete

with mounting frame, adjusted to both flat roofs and roofs made of hard corrugated sheets.

Methods of opening:

• manual (rack-and-pinion gear, using 1, 2 or 3 meter long opening rod)

• electric motor (incl. built-in limit switch, switching board with control lights)

• compressed air (pneumatic working cylinder; compressors of different output)

Method of control:

• adjustable opening height

• control of clusters of electric motors

• wind and rain sensing indicators

Raw materials:

• cupola layers: acryl, polycarbonate

• frame of cupola: light metal

• footing: dip-galvanized steel or aluminum; the non-combustible version consists of glass-

fiber reinforced polyester filled with polyurethane hard foam, complete with circumferential

base provided with sheet insert

• reinforcement: quality steel

• claw stops used to fix the cupola layers: glass-fiber reinforced plastic

• cantilevers: zinc-coated, galvanized steel

• shades: woven net made of plastic filaments.

Accessories, supplementary fittings and equipment:

• rain detectors, wind sensors, temperature sensors/thermometers, shades, additional

layers of the cupola, fittings used as manholes, fire and smoke detectors.

External features:

• they can be incorporated into both flat roofs and sloped/pitched roofs.

• Shape of edges (flat edge with water diversion accessory, made of corrosion-resistant

quality steel)

• Standard colors (opaque, water-clear; upon request: special colors)

Further characteristics:

types of footing connections to roof surface

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névleges méret

Load bearing capacity:

• 0.8 kN/m2: snow and wind

Mechanical features:

• resistant to abrasion, scratching and impact.

Combustibility:

• Class B1 or B2, according to DIN 4102

(slow or medium burning)

Humidity:

• Max. 100% humidity permitted,

without deformation

Heat transmission factor:

• K= 2.25 W/m2K°,

according to DIN 4108

Heat resistance:

• Between –40 °C and

+80°C

Light permeability:

• 78%

Electric power:

• 220 V / 50 Hz, 60 W

(shock protection: IP

44, according to DIN

40050)

Required air flow:

• 750 m3/hour, at

atmospheric pressure

Cleaning:

• self-cleaning or liquid

detergent of neutral

chemical effect can be

used

Repair, replacement:

• the cupolas can be

replaced, the parts are

interchangeable;

openable top cupola

can be substituted for

the fixed version

Mounting, installation:

• additional layer can be

mounted after

commissioning.

Size of light-

ad m i t t i n g

Nominal size

cm x cm

Weight of the double-layer

cupola (kg)

Weight of the footing

(kg)

fixed openingsurface, m2

nominal size

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Axonometric view of skylight barrel vault

40

97o 83o

30

200

1

2

34

5

6

1 – Lábazat2 – Z gerenda3 – Tömítõszalag4 – Trapézlemez5 – Hõszigetelés6 – Zárószegély

Detail of footing of a barrel vault skylight on

the roof made of trapezoidal sheet

1., footing

2., “Z” beam

3., sealing strip

4., trapezoidal sheet

5., heat insulation

6., closing flashing

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3.1.6.3. Lindab Topline barrel vault skylight stripe

Application:

The skylight panels provide lighting of optimum luminous-intensity distribution to halls erected

for different purposes and the workplaces created therein. Only skylight windows ensure efficient

day-lighting inside halls of larger clear span.

In certain cases, the skylight system includes a highly efficient gravitational venting system, the

roof venting structure which, if combined with heat and smoke sensors, can be installed as an

automatic smoke deflector.

Materials:

Cellular polycarbonate; color variety: opaque, water-clear and bronze.

10 mm 72% light transmission, Rmin

=150 cm, k=3,1W/m2K

16 mm 56% light transmission, Rmin

=240 cm, k=2,4W/m2K

Effective panel width: 98 cm → sequential longitudinal distance (i.e. the profile spacing) = 100 cm

- option: 16 mm thick polycarbonate panels: k = 2.1 W/m2K°

Aluminum profiles:

- natural color (powder-sprayed surface, upon special request)

- system of self-bearing profiles, up to 3 m span

- smallest initial angle of the curve: 30°

- the windows can be opened over the entire span

- the distance between the first and last curved profile of the barrel vault is bigger by 2 cm

than the length of the footing’s overall dimension.

Supplementary materials:

- self-adhesive aluminum strips permeable to vapor and used to close hermetically

the polycarbonate cells

- silicone, packed in squeeze tubes

- bolts/nuts

Structural description:

The Lindab Topline skylight windows consist of round-arched, three-ply cellular polycarbonate

panels. The external shell is manufactured by co-extrusion, in order to improve the resistance to

ultraviolet radiation. The polycarbonate panels are of opaque-white color, in order to reduce the

radiant heat load. Up to 6 meter size, the aluminum casing is mounted on self-supporting footing

made of 2 mm thick galvanized steel sheet specifically designed to match the Lindab roofs

assembled using trapezoidal corrugated sheets (Figure 65).

Further characteristic features:

- impact-resistant (e.g. stones thrown at the polycarbonate panels)

- resists to snow load, up to 2 .0 kN/m2

, and the wind suction force, up to 1.62 kN/m2

- fire resistance: Class B2, i.e. slow burning.

Clear span of the vault skylight

(overall dimension of footing)

140-170 cm, curve length < 190 cm



I.

II.

III.

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Tartóprofil

Vízelvezetõ furat

Élhajlított felsõ takaróprofilalumínium-, vagy bevonatoltacéllemez

Hõszigetelés80 mm vastag

Élhajlított alsó takaróprofilalumínium-, vagy bevonatoltacéllemez Lábazat

Húzott - nyomottrúd (és távolságtartó profil)

Figure 65: Footing of barrel vault skylight window, mounted on sandwich-panel roof

bearing profile

tension/compression bar

(and spacer profile)water drain borehole

edge-bent upper cover

profile, made of

aluminum or coated

steel sheet

heat insulation (80 mm thick)

edge-bent bottom cover

profile, made of aluminum or

coated steel sheetfooting

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3.1.7. Lightning protection

The role of the lightning guard is to ensure that the lightning hit a special-purpose structure made of metal

rather than the building structure and to conduct the current of the lightning in the earth.

The following factors must be taken into consideration during the dimensioning of the lightning guard: the

intended use, the frequency of use and the fire safety classification of the protected building, the structure

and the order of layers of the roof, the number and connection of the roof shells, the height and environment

of the building, the type of the side walls and the specific resistance of the soil. These factors influence the

lightning protection classification (e.g. R2-M4-T4-K3-S1) of the building. On the basis of such classification

and the MSZ 274 Hungarian standard, the design engineer can establish the characteristics of the lightning

protection system, e.g. V3c-L4a-F3/r-n, where the “V”, “L”, “F” and “n” codes refer to the requirements

applicable to the lightning arresters, the lightning dischargers, the earth electrodes and the type of suitable

materials, respectively.

Roofs covered by metal sheets are considered special cases because they can, in favorable situations, act

as natural lightning arresters, making the installation of separate arresters an unnecessary investment. (Of

course, the mounting of lightning dischargers, earth cables and electrodes must not be neglected even in

these cases!) The material and thickness of the metal cladding/roof shall determine whether the simpler

method meets the requirements or no. Obviously, the metal sheet panels must not melt otherwise any

inflammable material stored underneath could ignite. The higher the fusion heat and point of the cladding

material, the thinner the sheet to be chosen as cladding/cover material.

The production technology and structural design of the Lindab metal sheets permit that the surface treated

steel panels whose thickness is 0.5 mm or more be used as (natural) lightning protectors since the plastic

coat shall evaporate where the lightning channel hits the surface but the resulting heat shall, at 99%

probability, be unable to fuse the steel sheet. Of course, the current of the lightning must be discharged.

There are several options, e.g. if the cladding/roofing panels are connected by several (steel) rivets, the

thin plastic coat shall be pierced and melt by the current which is then conducted to the earth via the metal

sheets. Any object outstanding or protruding from the roof’s surface shall act as a natural lightning arrester

but the metal-to-metal connection to the roof’s cover sheets must be provided for. In this case, the natural

lightning arresters and the discharging conductors (made of galvanized flat or round bar) can be connected.

Particular attention must be paid to the metal-to-metal connection of the roof’s cover and the metallic

conductors and the firm fastening of these latter to the walls, etc. (trade names of galvanized steel binding

units used for lightning protection: OBO, BETTERMANN, VILODENT, DEHN, etc.).

Special care should be taken to ensure firm fastening of the lightning dischargers since the concentrated

power of the current previously distributed over a large area shall pass through them, resulting in immense

electrical and mechanical load. Therefore, a bus-bar wire must be fixed along this route by 8 to 10 rivets, at

the least. In order to avoid the damage of the sheet’s plastic coat and the subsequent corrosion of the

sheets, the roof should expediently be equipped with lightning rod terminals.

Thin sheets

The <0.5 mm thick Lindab sheets can not be used as natural lightning arresters without facing the risk of

fusion. Therefore, a protection system meeting the standard requirements must be installed after having

determined the building’s lightning protection classification. Since the relevant standard specifies the use

of the “c” size class (50 cm protrusion) whose implementation is relatively cumbersome, an expert having

special expertise should be invited to design a version of identical technical value. No exemption from the

standard specifications is granted any more.

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Terminals should be preferred during the selection of the suitable lightning arresters. The terminal

(or peak) must be connected to a connection cable laid on and fastened to the roofing sheet

and, finally, to the discharger cables. The use of the most adequate connection fittings is of

particular importance. Of course, the metal sheet cladding/roof may be connected to and

incorporated in the system.

500

- 300

0

16 - 20

felfogó csúcs

felfogó bilincs

levezetõ

tömítõ gél felsõ bekötõ

sarulevezetõ

csatornabekötõ

alsóbekötõ

tetõátvezetõ elem

Schematic drawing of a lightning protection system

Schematic drawing of a lightning protection system

terminal

shackle

discharging cable

roof penetration rod

upper connecting screw

shoedischarging cable

junction to the gutterlower

connecting

screw

sealing gel

Universal junction fitting

code number: B1 (casting)

Paralell coupling fitting

code number: K5Universal sheet jointing

code number: B2

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junction clamp fordischarge rod; codenumber: L1

discharging and junction piece, fornon-continuous metal cladding builtof separate elements; code number:P1 (long), P2 (short)

junction clamp fordischarge rod codenumber: L1

Parallel coupling fitting;code number: K2(casting)

universal connectionclamp; code number: K1

terminal clamp fixed withthree screws; codenumber: 21

upper connection piece to fix thedischarging/earthing cable, fornon-continuous metal cladding builtof separate elements and SINcladdings; code number: VA …

intermediate connectingpiece, for non-continuousmetal cladding built ofseparate elements and SINcladdings; code number: VK…

upper connection piece to fix theterminal, for non-continuousmetal cladding built of separateelements; code number: VF …

lower connection piece, for metalcladding/roof made of LTP 85trapezoidal sheets; code number: VALTP 85

intermediate junction piece,for metal cladding/roof madeof LTP 85 trapezoidal sheets;code number: VK LTP 85/

upper connection piece, formetal cladding/roof made ofLTP 85 trapezoidal sheets;code number: VF LTP 85

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Installation

The mounting of the lightning protection system is always begun from the bottom upwards, i.e.

the earth electrodes are the first components to be installed. Two aspects must be observed

during the work to be done on the roof shells: the ultra-thin plastic protecting foil should not be

damaged and any material handling involving friction should be avoided. Proper water-tightness

of the rivets and through-bolts is of particular importance.

Galvanized steel conductors (round or flat bars or wire-rope cable) should preferably be used

as structural material: Also the binding/connecting components should be made of galvanized

steel.

The fittings used for fastening the roofing sheets to the lightning protection system are made of

3 mm thick hot-dip galvanized steel profiles.

The diameter of the holes bored into the fittings is adjusted to two different methods of fastening:

- in case of bolts: Ø 6.0 mm

- in case of rivets: Ø 4.1 mm

In both cases, the diameter of the boreholes needed for connection to the system: Ø 9 mm.

Length needed in case of different corrugated sheets (trapezoidal and other):

Code Number

In case of bolting In case of riveting Length (mm)

VF LTP 20/6 VF LTP 20/4 370

VF LLP 20/6 VF LLP 20/4 335

VF LTP 45/6 VF LTP45/4 587

VF SIN/6 VF SIN/4 400

VF LTP 77/6 VF LTP 77/4 469

VK LTP 20/6 VK LTP 20/4 140

VK LLP 20/6 VK LLP 20/4 135

VK LTP 45/6 VK LTP 45/4 227

VK SIN/6 VK SIN/4 150

VK LTP 77/6 VK LTP 77/4 469

VA LTP 20/6 VA LTP 20/4 370

VA LLP 20/6 VA LLP 20/4 335

VA LTP 45/6 VA LTP45/4 587

VA SIN/6 VA SIN/4 400

VA LTP 77/6 VA LTP 77/4 469

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3.1.8. Roof safety systemThe Lindab roof safety system constitutes a complete system of advanced quality products

designed to enhance safety of work on the roofs. The main product groups include:

1.,Tubular snow guards, snow-fences

The snow guards and fences are meant to protect the safety of pedestrians. Each public institution

and other much frequented buildings must be provided with such means of safety. Both the

snow-guards and the snow-fences are capable of preventing the huge blocks of packed snow

from slipping and falling down, thus enhancing the safety of people walking on the street. These

implements can be used in combination, for example, the double tube design may suffice

around the perimeter of the roof but a triple tube version or a snow-fence may be needed above

entrance areas, as to provide for added safety. These products do not compromise the

consistency of the roofing structure and their paint coated versions are available, as well.

Slope angle of roof 6o

10o

14o

18o

23o

27o

33o

38o

42o

45o

50o

55o

1 60 36 27 19 14 11 10 12 14 17 25 53

1.5 40 24 18 13 9 7 7 8 9 11 17 36

2 30 18 13 9 7 5 5 6 7 8 13 27

Snow zone

kN/m2

The maximum spacing between the support brackets is shown below:

Snow zone kN/m2 1 1.5 2

Max. proposed bracket spacing 1200 1100 1000

The maximum spacing between the snow guards or snow-fences (measured along the roof’s

slope line) is specified (in meters) in the following table (this is a Swedish standard):

2., Safety crest railClamping rings and crest rails are mounted on low and high-pitch roofs, respectively. Both

provide enhanced safety to people working on the roof, by offering anchoring shackles which

the safety ropes can be attached to. Before use, the clamping rings and crest rails are subjected

to a dynamic load test.

3., Roof and wall laddersIn addition to ensuring safe work on the roof, safe approach thereto should be provided for. The

Lindab roof safety system includes ladders of all types to be affixed to the walls and roof. The

system’s diversity and versatility meets even the most stringent requirements.

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4

1

1

2

3

5

4., Roof gangways

Roof gangways are installed to ensure safe access to either part of the roof. In addition to being

used by chimney-sweepers, gangways offer vital emergency routes in case of fire. The gangways

can be ordered with or without handrails.

5., Safety railing

The inner spaces of buildings are often provided with natural lighting via flush-mounted skylight

panels or transom windows. The falling snow covers the entire roof, including the skylight

windows. While walking on the roof, someone may tread on such windows and suffer an accident.

Safety railings surrounding the transom windows provide for added safety even in periods of

heavy snow-fall.

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Recommended User’s Guide to the system components

Height of facade: max. 4 meters

Anti-slip coat for free-standing ladders (BBR 8: 2421)

Safety railing around roof manholes and skylight windows (BBR 8: 2433)

> 6° slope angle (1:10)

Fixed roof ladder – footwalk around the chimney (BBR 8: 2423)

Height of façade: 4 to 8 meters


Shackles for fixing the safety rope (BBR 8: 2423)

Fixed wall ladder or internal access ladder (BBR 8: 2421)



Safety crest rail for fixing the safety rope (BBR 8: 2421)

Fixed wall ladder or internal access ladder (BBR 8: 2421)


Fixed roof ladder/footwalk/gangway – leading to the chimney or crest or the place in need

of maintenance (BBR 8: 2422, 8: 2423, 8: 2426)

Height of façade: more than 8 meters



Exclusively internal access ladder (BBR 8: 2421)


> 6° to 14° slope angle (1:10)







Roof gangway around the entire length of the crest (BBR 8: 2422)






Identical with the above >14° item and including, in addition, foot-rails along the lower edge of

the roof’s plane and the intersection lines of the roof surfaces (BBR 8: 2432).

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3.1.9. Insertion of rupture roof in the LINDAB structure

A rupturing/opening roof surface must be incorporated in the Lindab structure in the case of:

• every room classified to the “A-B” category of fire hazard,

• every room where explosion can occur as a result of the usual/intended activities, and

• the boiler house.

The rupturing/opening roof structure must be calibrated to ensure that the roof surface ruptures

only if the overpressure induced by the explosion is 3 kN/m2 or more.

The specific weight of the structure should not exceed 10 kg/m2; the wind pressure and snow

load may be neglected during the phase of this type of design (see MSZ 595/9 Hungarian

Standard).

The size of the rupturing/opening surface: F = f x V (m2

)

V – the cubic capacity of the room (m3) f – 0.2 if 0 < V < 200 m3

0.15 if V > 200 m3

if V > 2000 m3, the size of the rupturing/opening surface must not be less than 30% of the total

surface of external cladding structures.

Structural design

Weight analysis

5,35 kg/m2

4,00 kg/m2

Σ 9,35 kg/m2 < 10

Dimensioning of structural connection:

1., Check for wind suction

Pwind,section

= t × Wo × K

e × C

2 (kN/m)

t - tributary width (m)

W0

- wind load (kN/m2)

Ke

- safety factor (1.2)

C2

- shape coefficient for situation

(–0.4)

Distance between screws: 36 cm (everylower wave in the trapezodial sheet)

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Number of screws

Type of screw: LL2 –S-S14-4,8mm

Pull-out force 0,45 kN/piece

If the additional supporting edge is made of 0,6 mm thick sheet. The connection is statisfied

against.

The wind suction if: 0, 45 × 2,77 > Pwind

2., Check for opening pressure

Loaded area t × 1 (m2)

Opening Pressure 3,0 (kN/m2)

Opening force t × 1,0 × 3,0 (kN)

The internal arisen in the screws in the case of ruptuning/opening pressure:

t · 1.0 · 3.02.77

> 0.45 kN condition is met, the connection is gone broke (fractured) at the opening

pressure.

L 60/80/0.6

M8·25

tartószegély

LL 2

Structural design of the rupturing roof

additional supporting edge

× ×

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3.2. Wall cladding systems

The most appropriate facade wall structure for a LINDAB hall can be chosen from among the

following systems, based on the intended use and the environment of the building and any

other relevant aspect:

3.2.2.1. LindabEcowall Assembled sandwich wall system

3.2.2.2. LindabCasetwall Assembled wall system with wall cassettes

3.2.2.3. LindabSandwall Sandwich (Composite) panel wall system

3.2.2.4. LindabQualiwall Assembled wall system covered with trays

3.2.2.5 LindabTradwall Wall system with traditional brick cladding

The versatile variety of colors and profile shapes, including the optional thermal insulation

parameters, will certainly satisfy the architects’ demands. In addition to the colorful sheet cladding

components, also traditional or glazed façade embellishing components are available. The

internal wall cladding should expediently be adjusted to the intended use of the hall. Upon

request, we can deliver, in addition to the sheet cladding panels, products for developing various

styles of surface dressing. A few examples:

• Plasterboard (education/training rooms, offices, facilities for the staff)

• Betonyp (gymnasium, workshop)

• Brick, concrete (warehouse, factory plant & workshop)

Special attention should be paid to the selection of the most appropriate footing for the hall

because the profile sheet cladding may be locally damaged (crippled) under high concentrated

or excessive mechanical load; and in addition, it is rather difficult to remove the stains and dirt

derived from industrial environments.

footing made of assembled sandwich-

panels and inside brick wall masonry footing

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Optional details of footing recommended for workshop, warehouses of factory halls.

Doors and windows of any type or model can be integrated with the Lindab wall cladding

systems. Detailed instructions are given in Section 3.5.1. concerning the doors and windows

marketed by Lindab. The natural lighting of internal spaces can be enhanced by integrating

fixed skylight panels in the façade surfaces.

120

p p

l

p - parapet height l - footing height

on-site reinforced concrete footing trap.sheet footing

block-brick footing pre-cast reinforced concrete wall panel

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3.2.1. General description of wall cladding profiles

General description of profile sheets

The cold-rolled sheets are products made by converting thin, corrosion protected wide stripson a shaping rolling mill. The cut-to-size sheet profiles are transported to the site of constructionas bundled batches.

Az alapanyag Ry Rm

minõsége: Mpa

EN 10147 FeE 250G 250 330

EN 10147 FeE 350G 350 420

Ry – yield pointRm – tensile strength

Method of corrosion protection

– Zinc coat: 275 g/m2

– Plastic coat: 25 ì thick, burned-in polyester coating, designed to resist againstmoderately aggressive Class 2 atmospherical effects (characteristic of theurban areas and the industrial 1. category according to HungarianStandard). On the back side a 10 micron thick protective lacquer layer isapplied.

The following standard and special colors are available:

RAL 9010 1002 3000 5024 10137035 1023 3011 50107011 8017 6021 50019005 8004 6003 9006 Lindab 777

Length of the products, depending on their type:

min.: 210 mmmax.: LV 30, LVV30 10000 mm

LVP 20 8000-10000 mmLVP 45 10000-13000 mmSIN 8000 mm

Static Design:

Static design can be done with the use of the design tables in the Lindab Design Guide forTrapezoidal Sheets. For your information, in the following pages the design tables for the mostfrequently used wall profile (LVP20, LVP45) are shown.

Quality ofraw material

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Fedõszélesség = 1035

65115 1825 2.oldal

1.oldal

12.5


65115 1825 2.oldal

1.oldal

12.5

21.8 21.5 21.8

3.2.1.1. Technical parameters of the wall trapezoidal profiles

3.2.1.1.1. LVP20 trapezoidal sheet

Cross-sectional parameters

Nominal thickness [mm] 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,7

Design thickness [mm] 0,324 0,417 0,509 0,602 0,602

Positive inertia in SLS* [mm4/mm] 20 27 34 41 41

Negative inertia in SLS* [mm4/mm] 15 21 27 31 31

Material properties

Yield point [N/mm2] 250 250 250 250 350

Dead weight, with overlapping [kN/m2] 0,04 0,05 0,05 0,06 0,06

Cross-sectional resistances (supporting length 40 mm)

Bending moment (positive) [kNm/m] 0,34 0,49 0,65 0,82 1,08 Bending moment (negative) [kNm/m] 0,33 0,48 0,66 0,80 1,09

Crippling, at intermediate support [kN/m] 7,96 12,62 18,09 24,47 28,95

Crippling, at the end support [kN/m] 7,96 12,62 18,09 24,47 28,95

Shearing force [kN/m] 15,29 22,23 27,13 32,09 44,93

LVP 20

Profile geometry

LVP 20 Dn

*SLS: Serviceability Limit State

covering width = 1035

side 1

side 2


side 1

side 2

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LVP20 design table

Sin

gle

sp

an

beam

Do

ub

le s

pan

beam

Trip

le s

pan

beam

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Data of the design table (LTP20)

Line 1: load-bearing capacity in ULS (no deflection limit)

Line 2: load-bearing capacity in SLS (deflection limit L/200)


Minimum support width: 40 mm

3.2.1.1.2. SIN corrugated sheet


Nominal thickness [mm] 0,5 0,6 0,7

Design thickness [mm] 0,417 0,509 0,602

Positive inertia in SLS* [mm4/mm] 44 54 64

Negative inertia in SLS* [mm4/mm] 44 54 64

Material properties

Yield point [N/mm2] 250 250 250

Dead weight, with overlapping [kN/m2] 0,05 0,06 0,07


Bending moment (positive) [kNm/m] 0,76 0,95 1,15 Bending moment (negative) [kNm/m] 0,76 0,95 1,15

Crippling, at the central support [kN/m] 3,04 4,10 5,27

Crippling, at the end support [kN/m] 3,04 4,10 5,27

Shearing force [kN/m] - - -

SIN

Profile geometry


side 1

side 2


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3.2.1.1.3. LLP20 trapezoidal sheet


Nominal thickness [mm] 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,7

Design thickness [mm] 0,324 0,417 0,509 0,602 0,602

Positive inertia in SLS* [mm4/mm] 19 27 34 42 41

Negative inertia in SLS* [mm4/mm] 19 27 34 42 41

Material properties

Yield point [N/mm2] 250 250 250 250 350

Deadweight, with overlapping [kN/m2] 0,04 0,050 0,06 0,07 0,07


Bending moment (positive) [kNm/m] 0,39 0,56 0,76 0,97 1,26

Bending moment (negative) [kNm/m] 0,39 0,56 0,76 0,97 1,26

Crippling, at the central support [kN/m] 8,93 14,17 20,32 27,48 32,51

Crippling, at the end support [kN/m] 8,93 14,17 20,32 27,48 32,51

Shearing force [kN/m] 16,47 25,56 31,2 36,91 51,67

Profile geometry

LLP 20


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3.2.1.1.4. LV30 trapezoidal sheet


Nominal thickness [mm] 0,5 0,6 0,7

Design thickness [mm] 0,417 0,509 0,602

Positive inertia in SLS* [mm4/mm] 63 81 98

Negative inertia in SLS* [mm4/mm] 44 57 71

Material properties

Yield point [N/mm2] 250 250 250

Deadweight, with overlapping [kN/m2] 0,05 0,06 0,07


Bending moment (positive) [kNm/m] 0,66 0,89 1,11

Bending moment (negative) [kNm/m] 0,62 0,85 1,08

Crippling, at the central support [kN/m] 8,90 12,76 17,26

Crippling, at the end support [kN/m] 4,45 6,38 8,63

Shearing force [kN/m] 18,36 27,36 35,02


167 30 104 16 302.oldal

1.oldalLV 30

Profile geometry



side 1

side 2

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3.2.1.1.5. LVV30 trapezoidal sheet


Nominal thickness [mm] 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7

Design thickness [mm] 0,324 0,417 0,509 0,602

Positive inertia inSLS* [mm4/mm] 39 54 69 84

Negative inertia in SLS* [mm4/mm] 27 37 49 61

Material properties

Yield point [N/mm2] 250 250 250 250

Dead weight, with overlapping [kN/m2] 0,04 0,050 0,06 0,07


Bending moment (positive) [kNm/m] 0,38 0,61 0,81 1,02

Bending moment (negative) [kNm/m] 0,39 0,67 0,78 0,99

Crippling, at the central support [kN/m] 5,61 8,90 12,76 17,26

Crippling, at the end support [kN/m] 2,81 4,45 6,38 8,63

Shearing force [kN/m] 11,08 18,36 27,36 35,02

30


1.oldal

2.oldal167 161043

0

LVV 30

Profile geometry



side 1

side 2

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3.2.1.1.6. LVP45 trapezoidal sheet


Nominal thickness [mm] 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,7

Design thickness [mm] 0,417 0,509 0,602 0,602

Positive inertia in SLS* [mm4/mm] 136 176 251 208

Negative inertia in SLS* [mm4/mm] 117 152 218 179

Material properties

Yield point [N/mm2] 250 250 250 350

Dead weight, with overlapping [kN/m2] 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,07


Bending moment (positive) [kNm/m] 0,95 1,38 2,21 2,28

Bending moment (negative) [kNm/m] 0,96 1,40 2,15 2,32

Crippling, at the central support [kN/m] 8,11 11,63 15,73 18,62

Crippling, at the end support [kN/m] 4,06 5,82 7,87 9,31

Shearing force [kN/m] 15,47 24,47 34,23 40,50


1.oldal

2.oldal

43

77180 47


1.oldal

2.oldal

43

77180 47

26.324.47

26.3

LVP 45

LVP 45 Dn

Profile geometry



side 1

side 2


side 1

side 2

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LVP45 design table

Data of the design table (LTP45)

Line 1: load-bearing capacity in ULS (no deflection limit)



Minimum support width: 40 mm

The values shown are load bearing capacities,in kN/m2 (incl. dead weight)

Sin

gle

sp

an

beam

Do

ub

le s

pan

beam

Trip

le s

pan

beam

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3.2.1.2. Sandwich-panel for walls - LINDABWALL

The sandwich (composite) panels, consisting of two layers of metal sheets and heat insulation

infill, are manufactured on continuously operated rolling mills. Sheet bending is followed by the

PUR foam generation process. The metal sheet’s surface is subjected to special chemical

treatment to ensure firm adhesion of the foam.

The production length is limited by the size of the transport vehicles.

Max. length: 13,000 mm

Normal thickness range: 25 to 120 mm

Material of sheeting cover: galvanized steel sheet coated with color polyester layer

Thickness of outer shell: 0.4 to 0.6 mm

Thickness of inner shell: 0.4 to 0.6 mm

Available colors (RAL):

1002, 1014, 1015, 1019, 1021, 2001, 3020, 5008, 5014, 5017, 6011, 6013, 6029

7006, 7022, 7032, 7035, 7042, 8011, 8012, 8014, 9001, 9002, 9006, 9010

Thermal insulation core: polyurethane foam or mineral wool

The coated surfaces are provided with protective foil by the manufacturer, the foil can be removed

only after installing panel on the supporting structure.

Specific weight: 11.0 to 14.0 kg/m2

1000

35 6535 656556

4

4

Figure 66: Cross-section of the wall sandwich-panel

Thickness (mm) 30 40 50 60 80 100

Heat transmission coeff. (W/m2K°) 0.65 0.50 0.41 0.34 0.26 0.21

Dead weight 0,4+0,4 7.89 8.27 8.65 9.03 9.79 10.59

(kg/m2) 0,6+0,6 11.23 11.65 12.03 12.41 13.17 13.99

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Remarks:

The table values are derived from design values determined on the basis of laboratory loading

tests. The maximum “L” span (m) is related to that less value from the one for ultimate limit state

and for serviceability limit state in case of L/200 deflection limit. For use of the table, in the load

combinations the base values should be applied (without safety factors).

In each case, the adequate resistance of the support against the reaction forces and the load-

bearing capacity of the fixing elements should be verified. In the design of the screw fixings, the

temperature difference between the panel layers and the horizontal displacement of the whole

roof structure should be taken into account.

L

L L L

p (kN/m2) L (m)

30 40 50 60 80 100

0.6 2.25 3.10 3.45 3.80 4.50 4.90

0.8 2.10 2.90 3.20 3.55 4.00 4.45

1.0 1.90 2.70 2.95 3.30 3.70 4.40

1.2 1.80 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.35 3.75

1.5 1.65 2.20 2.40 2.60 2.90 3.20

0.6 2.60 3.40 3.90 4.40 5.20 5.80

0.8 2.45 3.20 3.65 4.10 4.65 5.15

1.0 2.30 3.00 3.40 3.75 4.25 4.75

1.2 2.05 2.80 3.10 3.45 3.90 4.30

1.5 1.85 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.35 3.70

Design table

The static design of the panels should be carried out in accordance with the relevant codes

(e.g. Hungarian Standards: MSZ15020, MSZ15021, MSZ15028) and other relevant technical

specifications. The following table specifies the maximum allowable span (in meters) in the

function of thickness (mm), the applied uniform load (kN/m2) and the static model.

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3.2.1.3 Fixing and fastening

The trapezoidal sheet profiles are fastened to the wall frame structure (to the girts) or to the wall

cassette by LD3T self-tapping screws.

Longitudinal and transversal connection, overlapping of the sheets, or fastening of flashing

items to the sheets, can be solved by using POP rivets or LL2T self-tapping screws.

The composite sandwich-panels must be fastened to the wall frame structure (girts) as shown

in the table, as a function of the panel thickness.

LXC5 self-tapping screw LXC12 self-tapping screw

VD

D

VD

D

Marking Size Application Max. plate thicknessof the support

panel thicknessMin. (mm) Max (D)

Wrenchsize

Coating (applied to stainlessquality steel)

sandwich-panel

sandwich-panel

sandwich-panel

sandwich-panel

sandwich-panel

sandwich-panel

sandwich-panel

sandwich-panel

sandwich-panel

sandwich-panel

Polyester lacquer

Polyester lacquer

Polyester lacquer

Polyester lacquer

Polyester lacquer

Polyester lacquer

Polyester lacquer

Polyester lacquer

Polyester lacquer

Polyester lacquer

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3.2.2.1. LindabEcowall – Assembled sandwich wall system

3.2.2.1.1. Building physics requirements

In order to eliminate the vapor diffusion and to dissipate the heat generated by solar radiation,the double-shell sandwich-panel wall must absolutely meet the following conditions:

– the vented space must be at the outer side of the thermal insulation layer, i.e. must liebehind the wall cladding,

– the width of the vented air strip (if there is any) must be 20 m, at the least,– the cross-section of the venting channel shall be min. 4 cm2 and the length of the shorter

side must be at least 20 mm. The partition between the adjacent channels shall not exceed180 mm (Figure 67),

– the mean value of the vented cross-section (i.e. 200 cm2 /m) shall be observed,– the minimum cross-section of the air intake and exit openings shall be 50 cm2/m.

kazettahõszigetelés szellõzõ

csatorna

Figure 67: Venting of the heat insulated assembled sandwich-panel wall

3.2.2.1.2. Materials and constructional setup of the assembled sandwich-panel wall

The external and internal shell construction of the standard sandwich-panel wall are assembledby integrating the LINDAB sheet profiles described in Section 3.2.1.; the profiles are fastened tothe secondary light-weight system of wall frame beams (“Z” profiled girts) at the site. The thermalinsulation and vapor-tight layer dimensioned in accordance with the standard building physicscalculations is inserted between the external and internal shell construction.The secondary supporting system, the wall girts can be built on primary structure made of steel,reinforced concrete or timber (Figure 68/a and 68/b and also Section 2.1.3).

internal wall cassette

thermal insulation venting

channel behind the

external sheet

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The supporting element (console) is generally made of U 100/50/4 steel section, and is fixed tothe primary steel column by welding (a=3).The height of the console (H) depends on the size of the wall girts (Z) and the proposed planeof the internal sheeting which can stand in front of the pillar (b) or is flush with the external planeof the column.

Ha = Z – 20 (mm)

a.) steel pillar b.) reinforced concrete pillar

Figure 68: Insertion of supporting elements (“consoles”) for the wall girts

Hb = X + Z – 20 (mm)X = thickness of the internal profile sheet

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Figure 69: Version of footing detail

1 LVP20/0.5 külsõ tr. lemez2 Hõszigetelés3 Párazáró fólia4 LVP20/0.4 belsõ tr. lemez5 Lábazati vízvezetõ6 Öntapadó habcsík7 Kõszivacs lap8 Kõzetgyapot9 Rögzítõ clipp

20 100 20

1

2

3

4

5

6

20 100 20

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

20 100 20

1

2

3

4

5

6

8

910 Tömítõ profil11 Belsõ lábazati

szegély

A./ Footing located below the floor level, if it lies above the surrounding ground by 20 cm, at the least.

Alternatív burkolattartó

B) Kiemelt lábazat

1., LVP20/0.5 external trapezoidal sheet2., Thermal insulation3., Vapor-tight foil4., LVP20/0.4 internal trapezoidal sheet5., External footing flashing6., Self-adhesive foam strip7., Porous insulation block8., Mineral wool9., Fastening clip10., Sealing strip11., Internal footing flashing

alternative cladding support

B./ High elevated footing

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136



• In general, the internal shell construction is made of white LVP20 trapezoidal sheets, withvertically running ribs.

• A 0.1 to 0.3 mm thick vapor-tight foil is laid on the inner plane of the wall girts, in order toprevent the outward propagation of vapor diffusion from inside the building.

• The thermal insulation layer (glass-fiber fleece) is in the middle section of the sandwichstructure. The technical parameters of this layer are identical with what has been specifiedin Section 3.1.2.1.2. It can be taken into consideration during the calculations that thethickness of the thermal insulation is proposed as height of the Z profile + 20 mm; inother words, sandwiching of the insulation layer between the two shells prevents it fromsubsiding.

• A self-adhesive strip (5 x 50 mm) used to eliminate heat bridge (LPO) is spread on to theexternal plane of the wall beams (girts).

• The external shell construction is made of LINDAB sheets vertically running ribs; the colorand profile of the sheets shall be determined by the architect. The sheet flashingssurrounding the footings, corners, eaves and the various openings are available in differentcolors and sizes. The requirements specified in Section 3.2.2.1.1. regarding the ventingof wall structures must be taken into consideration during the design or selection of thedetails.

longitudinal wall

standard footingdetails

end wall

31

2

4

5

610

11

31

2

4

5

610

11

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137



500

30

3

6

5 4

8

7

1

45150

20

20 100

Figure 70: Connection of eaves and wall

Off-standard solutions

The proper selection of the material and location of the external shell construction makes a

crucial influence on the final appearance of the building. The use of off-standard designs help

in creating versatile façades (e.g. trapezoidal ribs running horizontally or even athwart; arched

façade contours, etc.).

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

LD3T

LL2T

4×M10

4×LD3T

LD3T

LL2T

LL2T

4×M10

1., Steel frame column2., “Z” wall beam (Z 100)3., Internal trapezoidal wall sheet (LVP 20/0.4)4., Vapor-tight foil (PE)5., Thermal insulation6., Strip to eliminate heat bridge (LPO)7., External trapezoidal wall sheet (LVP 20/0.5)8., Flashing of external wall corner (“H”)9., Flashing of internal wall corner (“S”)

Design of standard corner

• The outlines of the tympanum of the

gable can be emphasized by

excess i ve ove rhang ing and

embellished gable flashing.

• The eaves overhanging distance

can be chosen freely within the 0 to

500 mm range (Figure 70). The

pitched roof can be hidden along

the longitudinal and/or end-walls by

adding an attic/parapet structure.

• The internal sheet cladding can be

also replaced with other

appearance than the standard

solution of vertical ribs, adjusting to

the function and intended use of the

rooms.

• The inner wall surfaces of offices and

class-rooms can expediently be

covered with plasterboard panels.

The surface of an inner footing made

of brick or concrete efficiently resists

to mechanical wear and damages

(Figure 71).

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138



Assembled sandwich-panel with internal

plasterboard cladding

Assembled sandwich-panel wall, with

internal brick wall

Assembled sandwich-panel

wall, with horizontally ribbed

façade cladding

Figure 71: Off-standard wall structures

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139



1., wall cassette (LFK)

2., thermal insulation

3., wall profile

4., sealing strip (TBA)

5., anti-heat-bridge strip (LPO)

6., steel primary frame

7., external footing flashing

3.2.2.2. LindabCasetwall – Assembled wall system with wall cassettes

The wall cassettes which constitute the inner shell construction of the wall (1) are mounted

horizontally to the installation plane of the pillars, advancing from the bottom upwards. The

method of fastening may change depending on the material of the pillar. Self-tapping screws or

explosive fasteners (stud guns) are used in case of steel pillars, while dowels or spikes in case

of reinforced concrete. The size of these elements shall be selected in accordance with the

expected load. One cassette should be adequately fixed to the columns on three points. The

wall cassettes are connected to each other by pop-rivets or tacking screws, in order to ensure

accurate matching and proper resistance of the connections. For both longitudinal and transversal

joints it is necessary to use sealing strips. Self-adhesive strip (LPO) is applied to the outer edge

of the wall cassette in order to eliminate any heat bridge and to prevent the development of

condensate stripes. After having put the thermal insulation blocks (2) in place, the LINDAB profiles

(with ribs running vertically) of color and geometry chosen by the architect can be fastened to

the edge of the wall cassettes. The ribs act as venting channels and ensure proper venting of

the wall structure (Figure 72).

When designing openings (windows, doors)

in the wall structure, it should expediently be

divided into 60 cm high modules, taking the

width of the wall cassettes (600 mm) into

consideration. If this is not a viable method,

the wall cassette elements narrower than 600

mm must be made of individually bent sheet

edges and additional secondary supporting

beam may probably be required according

to static aspects.

BL

Figure 73: Horizontal section of a

façade cladding, with sheet

profiles having horizontally placed

ribs

If horizontally running ribs are needed, a vertically arranged batten system (BL type “hat” profiles)

is fastened to the wall cassettes in the first phase, in order to allow that the sheet profiles be

placed with their ribs running horizontally (Figure 73).

1

5

3

2

Figure 72: Wall structure made of wall casettes

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140



100 20

100 20

34

2

7

3

5

6

2

1

4

600

600

4

120135

45

Figure 74: Some detail drawings of a wall structure made of

wall cassettes

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141



3.2.2.3. LindabSandwall – Sandwich (composite) panel wall system

Fields of application: wall panels of buildings for industrial or agricultural use or walls of container

houses. Insulated wall elements of cold-storage warehouses or cold-storage rooms operated

within the +15 °C and –40 °C temperature range. The edges and connections of the panels can

be upgraded to ensure gas-tight or gas-proof connections.

3.2.2.3.1. Thermal engineering parameters

The rigidity and high strength of the sandwich-panel is ensured by an interim heat insulating

core which allows for the composite action of the internal and external metal shell construction.

The thermal insulation is made of PURB hard polyurethane foam treated with fire-retardant agent.

The foam is free of Freon, is environment-friendly and meets the respective EURO norms:

- mean density 25 to 40 kg/m3/d

- resistance to pressure 1 to 2 kg/cm2

- shear resistance 1 kg/cm2

- thermal conductance factor (ë) 0.02 W/m2K

This is a closed-cell (95%), non-hygroscopic material

Limits of applicability are within the –90°C to +100°C temperature range, with little changes

depending on the product type.

Thickness(mm) 30 40 50 60 80 100

Thermal resistance 1,08 1,48 1,88 2,28 3,08 3,88

(m2 × K°/W)

Heat transmission factor 0,81 0,61 0,49 0,41 0,31 0,25 (upon

(W/m2 × K°) order only)

Fire resistance performance: TH = 0.2 hour. This wall structure may be used in:

• max. two-storey buildings classified to Category III and IV of fire-resistance according to

MSZ 593/3 Hungarian Standard, or

• industrial buildings/facilities accommodating activities classified to Class “A” and “B” of

fire hazard.

Sound insulationThe sandwich-panels ensure sound-proofing up to Rw = 28 dB.

3.2.2.3.2. Constructional setup

The sandwich-panels can be used as self-supporting structures, directly fixed to the primary

structures, when built in cold-storage rooms whose span is less than 6 meters. In case of larger

buildings, the panels can be fastened to the secondary supporting wall beam/column system

(Figure 75). The sandwich-panels can be coupled with double groove-and-tongue joints

provided permanently flexible sealing in the manufacturing plant, as to ensure reliable connection

and permanent water impermeability (Figure 75).

Fire protection

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142



lábazat

kaputok

sarok

ablaknyílás

Figure 75: Details of sandwich-panel wall structures

corner

opening (window)

gate post

footing

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143



2

3

1

1000 1000

e bR�e bR e bR e bR�e bRe bRe bRe bR

39 42 5,5 x 7648 62 5,5 x 96

5,5 x 1245,5 x 140

62 8381 102

5,5 x 775,5 x 87

5,5 x 1075,5 x 130

39 5249 6259 8376 102

6,5 x 196,5 x 256,5 x 326,5 x 38

6,5 x 1006,5 x 906,5 x 756,5 x 646,5 x 50

6,5 x 1156,5 x 1256,5 x 1506,5 x 1756,5 x 2006,5 x 230

1., wall panel

2., supporting beam

3., fastener screw

hot-rolled steel wall beam thin-walled (light gauge)

steel profile

wooden support

Figure 76: Fixing of sandwich-panel wall structure

Panel

thickn.

(mm)

min max

Panel

thickn.

(mm)

min max

Size

(mm)

d x L

Size

(mm)

d x L

Size

(mm)

d x L

The system of Lindab sandwich-panels includes every element needed for the construction of

the wall cladding (footing support, wall beams /girts/ consisting of “Z” and “C” sections, eaves

beams, flashing items and fastening elements). The components are fastened to the supports

by special stainless steel self-tapping screws and provided with water and vapor-tight neoprene

washers. The screws are tightened by electric screw-guns (Figure 76).

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144



The pipe and cable ducts can be fastened to the wall joints in a non-destructive manner (Figure 77).

Several types can be fastened by special hidden metal clips which are mounted to the

supporting secondary beams by self-tapping screws.

Advantages of the hidden fastenings points:

– avoidance of heat bridges and material destruction

– recycling of the undamaged panels when the building is demolished in the future

– since the panel is fixed at both of its ends; it is perfectly laid on his supporting structure

and, therefore, is effectively protected from deformation. Structural and thermal

displacements/movements of the building structure and the sandwich-panel wall are

equalized and absorbed by the hidden metal clips.

FVN

F

Figure 77: Horizontal section of wall panel joint

Figure 78: Hidden fixing of the sandwich wall panel

hidden fixing with

steel clip

fixing without clip

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3.2.2.4. LindabQualiwall – Assembled wall system covered with trays

This is an advanced façade building system adjusted to the needs of industrial and other halls,

providing a wall surface composed of flat elements and producing an appearance which is

more attractive than the overall impression made by wall cladding made of trapezoidal sheets.

Recommended use: Installation, in part or whole, of the façade of office, trading and public

buildings whose functions require elegant and exclusive

appearance.

The principle construction A vertically arranged rib system is fastened to the external plane of

the “Z” beams which constitute the horizontal wall beam supports.

The wall cladding system, consisting of “trays” produced by

shaping flat sheets, are fastened to the rib system, usually made of

“hat” profiles, and has the external fixing by visible or hidden types.

The plasterboard wall lining system connected to the inner flanges

of the “Z” beams constitute the high quality surface of the walls

inside the building/room. Heat and vapor insulation is inserted

between the two layers.

Axonometric view of wall tray/cassette cladding with hidden fixing

the Lindab Qualiwall

system:

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146



Vertical cross-section

Horizontal cross-section

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147



3.2.2.5 LindabTradwall – Wall system with traditional brick cladding

A light structure hall building can be integrated into a traditional building environment by

employing this system of façade completion.

Recommended use:

Installation, in part or whole, of the

façade of trading, educational and

sports facilities where the architectural

regulations do not permit the use of

metal sheet cladding or if special efforts

should be made in order to emphasize

the beauty of certain parts of the

building.

The principle of construction of the

Lindab Tradwall system

A vertically arranged system of ribs is

fastened to the external plane of the “Z”

beams which constitute the secondary

wall beam system, laid horizontally.

Then, the wall erected using brick can

be fastened to the rib system by

means of special steel connecting

pieces. A wall lining system selected

in accordance with the intended use

of the room/space is connected to the

inner flanges of the “Z” beams. Heat

and vapor insulation is inserted

between the two layers. The wall structure

is vented through an air gap created

behind the brick wall.

Vertical section of the wall structure

Horizontal section of a wall corner

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148



3.3. Fastening techniques

The sheet products are fastened using the parts & components of the LINDAB fastening

engineering system which provides adequate and safe solution for any problem which may

arise in the daily practice. The following circumstances should be considered before the final

selection of the proper fastening component is decided:

– static aspects (primary or secondary fastening)

– material quality of the supporting load-bearing structure (wood, concrete, hot-rolled steel

section, thin-walled steel profile)

– the sealing quality of the fastener element

– environmental impacts

– aesthetic requirements.

The trapezoidal sheets can be fastened by self-tapping screws applied in the bottom wave

trough. Water-tightness is ensured by washers provided with EPDM sealing rings. The screws

are made of stainless steel or galvanized steel; also versions embellished with color lacquer

applied by electrostatic powder-spraying are marketed.

The most frequently used fastening techniques are illustrated in Table 1.

3 mm

túlhúzás elleni védelem

a lemezek összepréselõdésehibátlan kötést ad

rozsdamentes acél

LL2-T

LL2-S

speciális vizzárótömitõ alátét

Fz

fúróhegy és menetgeometriamagas kihúzóerõ

Advantages offered by self-tapping screws:

protection against over-

screwingspecial watertight sealing

washer

stainless steel

the brace-bit and the geometry

of the thread result in high

tearing resistance

squeezing of the sheets

ensures perfect binding

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LXL2-S16-6,3x25LXL2-S14-5,5x22

(A14)

LL2-S-S14-4,8x20(A14) LL2-A14-5,5x20

LL2-T-A14-4,8x20

thickness of the sheets

Min. 2x0,63 2x0,4 2x0,4 2x0,4 2x0,4

Max. 2x1,0 2x1,0 2x1,0 2x0,7 2x1,0

esztétikus fej=> kis fejmagasság=> csekély árnyék=> harmónikus forma

széles felhasználási kör=> acéltartónál 1 mm – töl=> alu. tartónál 1,6 mm – töl

7,5 mm

4 mm

1 gép1 munkamenet

Fastening elements used to create secondary (sheet-to-sheet) connections

1 machine,

1 cutting movementwide scope of use

steel beam, 1.0 mm and more

– aluminium beam, 1.6 mm

and more

aesthetic head

– small height of screw head

– negligible shadow on façade

– harmonic shape

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LL2-4, 8x20 LL2-H15-6, 3x22 LL3-H15-6, 3x32

thickness of the sheets

Min. 2x0,63 2x0,63 2x1,1

Max. 2x1,0 2x1,0 2x1,5

DQ DZ

DZp DQb

DZb

DQ

DZ

shear of connected material pull-through pull-out shear of the screw tension of the screw

Design of self-tapping screws

The design value of acting force should not be higher than the less of resistances regarding to

the possible failure modes.

DM ≤ DH = resistance of the screwed connection

The values of DH related to the relevant failure mode can be found in the Design Guide of Self-

Tapping Screws

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Application field of the fastening elements

The general application of the self-tapping screws is for fastening the LINDAB thin-walled

products as summarized in the following table.

Shape of the screw head, washer and sealing.

LD8-H 15 -5,5x25

LD6-T16 -5,5x22

LD12-H15 -5,5x32

LD12-T16 -5,5x36

4

2

4

2

LD3-H 15 -5,5x22

LD3-T16 -5,5x22

LD6-H15 -5,5x22

LD6-T16 -5,5x22

4

2

4

2

LL3-H 15 -4,8x20

LL2-T-T14 -4,8x20

LL2-H15 -6,3x22

4

2

4

LL3-H15 -6,3x324

LW-T-A14 -4,8x353

LX6/12-S16 -5,5x251

LX12/12-S16 -5,5x251

LX3/12-S16 -5,5x251

LX6/6-S16 -5,5x251

LL2-S-S14 -4,8x201

LXL2-A14 -5,5x22

LXL2-S16 -6,3x25

3

1

LXW-S16 -5,5x401

LXW-S16 -6,5x50

LW-S-A14 -4,8x35

1

3

lemez - fa támasz

lemez - vastagfalúszelvény támasz

lemez - lemez

lemez - vékonyfalúszelvény támasz

Rögzitési mód Idõjárasálló rögzitõelemek- rozsdamentes acél csavar -

Nem idõjárásálló rögzitõelemek- horganyzott acél csavar -

1 = stainless steel washer: complete with S14, S16, S19, EPDM sealing ring

2 = hot-dip galvanized steel washer: complete with T14, T16, T19, EPDM sealing ring

3 = aluminum washer: complete with A14, A16, A19, EPDM sealing ring

4 = cup head shape: H15, without washer and sealing ring

5 = standard head shape: H15, without washer and sealing ring

Several methods of fastening are recommended in the case of supporting elements made of concrete:- self-tapping screws driven into a hollow steel shape fixed into the concrete beam

- screw + dowel made of metal or plastic

- spike (crooked nail driven in the borehole)

- spike (crooked nail driven in the borehole)

Non-weatherproof fixing elements- hot-dip galvanized steel screws -Method of fastening

Weatherproof fixing elements- stainless steel screws -

Sheet – thin-walledhot-rolled sectioned

support

Sheet – thin-walledsteel sectioned

support

Sheet – sheet

Sheet – timbersupport

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Pull-through

0.4 0.5 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.25 1.5

0.4 0.35

0.5 0.43 0.5

0.6 0.50 0.56 0.73

0.65 0.54 0.59 0.76 0.82

0.7 0.57 0.63 0.8 0.85 1.15

0.8 0.65 0.69 0.86 0.92 1.22 1.4

0.9 0.72 0.76 0.93 0.98 1.3 1.47 1.68

1 0.79 0.83 1 1.04 1.38 1.54 1.74 1.96

1.25 0.79 0.99 1.16 1.2 1.56 1.71 1.89 2.1 2.74

1.5 0.79 0.99 1.33 1.36 1.75 1.88 2.04 2.23 2.84 3.61

2 0.79 0.99 1.33 1.44 1.94 2.22 2.34 2.5 3.03 3.73

2.5 0.79 0.99 1.33 1.44 1.94 2.22 2.49 2.77 3.22 3.85

a lemez vastagsága mm-ben a csavarfejnélalsólemez

vastagságamm-ben

Shearing of the sheets (failure of the hole edge) (kN))

Resistances of connections regarding to different failure modes

Remark: the washer is of appropriate rigidity and its diameter is min. Ø 14 mm

A rögzített lemez vastagsága mm-benRN/mm

eL2

0 .40 0.50 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.25 1.50

250 1.50 1.88 2.25 2.44 2.63 3.00 3.38 3.75 4.69 5.63

280 1.68 2.10 2.52 2.73 2.94 3.36 3.78 4.20 5.25 6.30

350 2.10 2.63 3.15 3.41 3.68 4.20 4.73 5.25 6.56 7.88

Thickness of the fixed sheet (mm)

Thickness of the sheet at the bold head (mm)Thickness

of the

lower sheet

(mm)

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Remark:

The values in the table are for screws of diameter Ø 5.5 mm.

A correction multiplier factor (m) should be used in case of other diameter:

m=1.07, in case of Ø 6.3

m=0.93, in case of Ø 4.8

The condition that should be satisfied is:

Tartó támasz névleges vastagsága mm-benRN/mm

eL2

Pull-out

DM,Z = design tensile force in the screw

DH,Z = tensile resistance of the screw

DM,Q = design shearing force in the screw

DH,Q = shearing resistance of the screw

DM,Z DM,Q

DH,Z DH,Q

1+

The types and resistances of the necessary self-tapping screws can be chosen from our design

guide (“Fastening Elements”).

It can happen that faulty boreholes are made, as a result of:

- misdirected drilling

- failure of the rivets or screws

- repeated use of sheets salvaged from another place.

All these events can cause penetration of water/humidity through the roof and impairment of the

wall lining’s quality.

Special repairing screws can be used to complete professional repair. Their diameter is bigger

than the diameter of the borehole and their shape and color is a perfect match to that of the

original parts furthermore they guarantee absolute water imperviousness.

Depending on the nature of the connection, the repair work can be done in line with the following

recommendation:

– in case of sheet-to-sheet connection: the repair screw is driven into the existing hole.

– in case of sheet-to-support connection: the diameter of the existing hole must be increased

to Ø 6.55 mm followed by driving the screw in the hole.

Repairing screws (TDC – S – 16 – 7.1 x 19)

Nominal thickness of the supporting beam (mm)

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3.4. Transport, storage and installation of the LINDAB cladding elements

The continuous operation of the corrugating mill supports the production of sheets of variouslengths; the actual length depends on the type of the profile and the sheet thickness. The selectionof the optimum length delivered and the best combination of the packaging methods and meansrequires proper attention. The optimum way of stacking: the products must be separated byinserting plastic foil or special grade paper. The sheets must be bundled using wooden crates(b), as to protect them during transport and material handling. If necessary, also edge protectingguard-plates (a) are provided. The bundles must be hoisted by plastic slings or rubber-coatedropes; the use of lifting beam (c) can be useful in case of particularly long products (Figure 79).

a b

Figure 79.

In case of shorter product a fork-lift truck can do but the use of a crane is preferable. Proper areashould be reserved at the construction site for storage.

The completeness and possible damages must be checked immediately at the time of theshipment’s arrival, as to indicate any deficiency or physical damage. The bundles should bestored a bit aslant to let any water or condensate to flow out. In addition, the products stored inthe open must be covered by a tarpaulin.

Sheets provided with plastic coating should not be stored in the open for a long tine (i.e. for oneor two months) because the condensate can damage the coating. If such storage is unavoidable,the site staff should provide for proper venting.

Vapor or condensate can facilitate the development of white rust on the surface of galvanizedsheets. The rust must be removed before installing the sheets. Each sheet is lifted separately tothe roof, using safety ropes to prevent any damage possibly caused by the wind.

The parameters of the supporting structure (flatness, rectangularity, width of the bearing area)must be checked before installation of the sheets. If any deficiency makes the installation workdifficult or impossible, a written report must be prepared to request remediation of the problem.

c b

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The place of the trapezoidal profiles must be indicated by cords on the bearing surface. Minor diversionscan be offset transversally by pulling or pushing the sheet. The plastic coated sheets should be movedcarefully by people wearing clean gloves during manual handling.Attention should be paid to the accurate implementation of dilatation gaps. In case of warm roof, thesupporting corrugated sheets are exposed only to minor temperature variations therefore it is sufficientto adjust the dilatation gaps to those of the building. In the case of cold roofs, external wall cladding orextreme temperature differences, properly dimensioned fastening methods should be applied oroval holes must be cut to ensure unobstructed thermal motion.The contractor undertaking the installation of LINDAB sheets must have skilled labor, sufficient insurancepolicy, engineering certificates and should regularly make sure of adherence to the work safety rules.The following aspects should be taken into consideration during the installation phase:

– staining or damaging of the plastic coat should be avoided, particularly during the cutting jobs, – the chippings must be removed, by blowing, if possible, in order to prevent subsequent rusting

or damaging, – all stains must be removed before drying, particularly in case of tar or bitumen.

The surface should be cleaned by wet cloth or careful washing.Impurity Method/material for cleaningDust Water or mild soapy solutionBitumen or tar Benzene or solvent (Ha-Ku-vk 1025/16)Rust Solvent (Ha-Ku-vk 1025/16 or P3-+1166)Traces of mortar Mechanical removal

If possible, the surface should be cleaned gently, without exerting pressure on the surface, in order toavoid permanent surface deformations or the loss of its gloss. Cleaning should be followed by rinsingwith a generous amount of water.

The use of ammonia spirit, granular scouring agents, nitro-solvents or solvents containing chlorine oraromatic compounds is prohibited.Spots scratched during the assembly at the site shall be repaired with the lacquer provided by themanufacturer. This work shall be limited to the absolutely necessary jobs, focusing on surfaceimperfections which reach down to the base metal. Only cleaned, dry and de-greased surfaces maybe repaired, by a fine brush, in order to limit the size of repaired surface to the minimum. Only thenecessary amount of lacquer shall be used; the repaired spot should not be visible from the usualdistance of observation. Only the original repair lacquer should be used, in order to ensure the bestcolor match.If necessary, the repair lacquer may be applied to larger areas, as well. The degree of preparationshall depend on the condition of the impaired surface. Contractors specialized to this job should beinvited.A priming coat must be applied to the cleaned, dry and de-greased surfaces, in order to avoid corrosion.The covering varnish should be applied to the dry priming coat. Due to the possible color differences,it is expedient to re-coat the entire surface or to select clearly limited areas. It is recommended to alterthe color of the re-painted surface.

Recommended types of lacquer: AY-based PVC-MP or PVR A4 air-drying lacquer for outdoor use.Dispersion paints can be applied to indoor surfaces.

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140 mm

LVP 20/0.5LINDAB FÓLIAHÕSZIG + Z GERENDATHERWOOLIN NF-10 tip

PÁRAZÁRÓLVP 20/0.5 (PERFORÁLT VAGY NEM PERFORÁLT

PERFORÁCIÓ: 36%; 2,8 mm-es FURATOKKAL

3.5. Acoustics

The LVP-20 perforated sheet profiles used to assemble the inner cladding/lining of heat insulatedhalls ensure excellent noise abatement; this is a basic requirement specified in the respectivebuilding construction regulations applicable to buildings classified to certain categories.The noise abating wall structures can be classified on the basis of test results, standardspecifications and the following characteristics:

- Elimination of airborne noise (in case of protection against traffic noise):- perforated wall structure: Rko = 25.5 dB- non-perforated wall structure: Rko = 27.3 dB

- Elimination of airborne noise (in case of protection against noise of other nature):- perforated wall structure: RW = Rj = 29.0 dB- non-perforated wall structure: RW = Rj = 33.0 dB

- Acoustical absorption (in case of protection against traffic noise):- perforated wall structure: Lαko

= 2.8 dB- non-perforated wall structure: Lαko

= 0.3 dB- Acoustical absorption (in case of protection against noise of other nature):

- perforated wall structure: Láj = 6.86 dB- non-perforated wall structure: Láj = 0.8 dB

Number of the product’s quality certification, obtained from ÉMI: M-103/95 (Hungarian QualityInsurance Institute)In accordance with the Hungarian standard “MSZ 13-121-1:1992 Protection against traffic noise”,the noise abating wall structures are qualified:- in accordance with their ability to eliminate airborne noise:

suitablebecauseRko > 25dB

- in accordance with their acoustical absorption:

returningbecause Lαko

< 4dB

LVP 20/0.5

LINDAB FOIL

HEAT INSULATING THERWOOLIN NF-10 TYP + “Z” BEAM

VAPOR-TIGHT FOIL

LVP 20/0.5 (PERFORATED OR NON-PERFORATED)

PERFORATION 36%; WITH Ø2.8 MM HOLES

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3.5.1. Insertion of doors & windows

3.5.1.1. Windows

The LINDAB windows are assembled using the members of the REHAU S730 profile familymade of co-extruded PVC. The profiles used to assemble the casement and the sashes havethree air chambers (heat transmission coefficient K = 1.5 to 1.6 W/m2K°) and are stiffened with asteel section insert. Total thickness of the profile system: 60 mm.Standard sizes:

T

45N

45

T

T = tokmagasító

Figure 80: Window installation – verticalsection

Standard color: white.Basic types: fixed, movable, bottom-hung sashwindow, movable & bottom-hung sash window.The windows can be combined in systems ofwindows by “range profiles”.Windows are available in custom-tailored sizes.Windows installed at 1.6 meter or higher shouldbe equipped with manual or electric remotecontroller.The windows may be incorporated in the systemof light wall frame beams while adhering to thefollowing specific requirements:- distance between the “Z” profile wall framebeams, when measured in the plane of thewindows:– nominal height of the window + 2 x 45mm

Fixed windows Movable windows Bottom-hung sashmovable and bottom-hung

window

* The upper part of the window opens

raising black

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158



Quality specification of window profiles

Technical parameter Requirement Measured value Test method

Uniform color, free from

extraneous matter or

cracks

Each sample met the

requirementsVisual inspectionAppearance

Value specified by the

manufacturer

±0.03 g/cm3

1.75 MSZ ISO 1183Density (g/cm3)

Max. 0.05 0.03 MSZ 7083Cold water absorption (%)

Min. 75 115.2 MSZ ISO 306Vicat softening temperature °C

Min. 37.5 42.5 MSZ KGST 1199Tensile strength (N/m2)

No blister, crack or

scaling is permitted

on the surface of the

profiles

Satisfactory

MSZ -09-40.0051

150 °C, 30 minutes

Thermal resistance:

Profile #68

Profile #Z 60 S

Profile #86

Profile stulp.

Profile #18.5

Profile #14.5

Profile #6.5

Max. 2.0

1.76

1.67

1.74

MSZ -09-40.0051

100 °C, 1 hour

Dimensional change when heated (%)

Profile #68

Profile #Z 60 S

Profile #86

Profile stulp.

Profile #18.5

Profile #14.5

Profile #6.5

Max. 2.0

2.15

2.11

2.15

2.14

MSZ -09-40.0051

100 °C, 1 hour

m= 1 kg, h= 1m

Impact resistance (ratio of failures, %)

Profile #68

Profile #Z 60 S

Profile #86

Max. 100

0

0

After exposure to

0.8 MWs/cm2 radiationColor change due to weather

exposure (grey scale)

Max. 3 43Measured on a

test specimen provided

with double V-notch

Dynamic bending strength (kJ/m2)

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– The “Z” beam put below the windows must be propped up because it is incapable of

sustaining vertical loads without suffering significant deformation. A “C” section resting on

the floor and featuring dimensions identical with that of the “Z” profile should be used (Figure 81).

POP

LL2

alátámasztó C-szelvény

Figure 81: Insertion of a supplementary wall supporting elements below the window

Window supporting columnmade of “C”

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Figure 83: Installation of window framing flashings

vertical cross-section

horizontal cross-section

External window flashing “F”

vapor-tight foil

self-tapping screw

LD-3 T screw

TBA sealing strip

External covering flashing “X”

Internal covering flashing “W”

Lindab window

pop rivet

vapor-tight foil

self-tapping screw

LL-2 screw

TBA sealing strip

Lindab window

pop rivet

Internal covering flashing “W”

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161



Figure 83: Installation of window framing flashing

gél

Fel

sõ s

arok

bevá

gás

kivá

gás

120

20sz

egec

s+gé

lA

lsó

saro

k

top

co

rne

r

bo

tto

m c

orn

er

ge

l

rive

t +

ge

l

cu

t-in

cu

t-o

ff

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3.5.1.2. Doors

Their structural material is identical with that of the window-system.

Standard sizes (single-wing doors): Standard color: white.

French window 900 x 2100 900 x 2400 1500 x 2100 1800 x 2100

Entrance door 900 x 2095 1000 x 2095 1500 x 2095 1800 x 2095

The doors are incorporated in the wall frame structure being supported by “C” profile casing

(like in case of the windows). The height of the wall frame beam inserted above the door from

the floor is equal to (nominal door height + 45 mm).

3.5.1.3. Industrial gates

The gate is installed in a door frame made of RHS 60 x 120 x 3 mm hollow section which is

manufactured and installed together with the frame. Since the frame’s parameters depend on

the size and type of the gate, they can be established in possession of accurate initial data. The

columns of the door frame can be fastened to the dowels built in the floor by anchoring bolts

driven through the holes of the base plate at the bottom of the column. The top section of the

frame is welded to the primary frame columns, ensuring that the outer plane of the gate-frame

is adjusted to that of the primary frame columns. Thus, the wall beams (girts) made of “Z”

sections shall fall in line when viewed from the façade plane (Figure 84).

„R”-jelû sarokborítás

„P”-jelû tokborítás

Belsõ borításKapu vaktok

GuminyelvKapu lamellaKapu tok

Vezetõsín

400-550

„H”

IPE

120/60

Zártszelvény

„T”

„SZ”

Figure 84: Structure of a supporting frame of

industrial gate

Horizontal cross-section

External corner flashing “R”

External gate flashing “P”

Internal trapezoidal sheet

Column of supporting gate-frame

Rubber tongue (sealing)

Gate lamella piece

Gate casing

Guide rail

RHS hollow section

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163

A változtatás jogát fenntartjuk

Literature

Met-Szoft: General principles of hall design 1995

LINDAB Design Guide: “Z” & “C” beams 1999

Design Guide: Trapezoidal corrugated sheets 1999

Design Guide: Fastening elements 1999

Dimensioning Guide 1999

Hall Application Technology 1995

Tak-Väggkatalogen 1998

SSAB Tunnplåt: What you should know of the fine grade sheets used in

building industry 1997

PAB Bemessungstabellen 1998

Stahltrapezprofil im Hochbau (Karl Krämer Verlag) 1980

Engineering of lightning protection (Dr. István FODOR) 2002

Manual of building physics (Dr. Iván FEKETE; Mûszaki Könyvkiadó) 1985

Building physics expert opinion (Dr. János VÁRFALVI) 2002

ISO-SYS application technology 1994

Toplan application technology 1994

Therwoolin application technology 1994

Tel-Mineralwolle, product prospectus

Greschalux, product prospectus

Practice of fire-fighting (RIGIPS)

SFS Stadler Befestigungstechnik

EJOT Baubefestigungen

LINDAB Hall Construction (György SZEDERKÉNYI; a working paper) 1999


Documents

Systemline_guide_3(2)