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K-STATE
2006
K-STATE
How accurate are different feed drops?
K-STATE
90O
75O
60O
K-STATE
Econo-Drop Feed Dispenser
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Feeder setting
Am
ount
dro
pped
90
75
60
K-STATE
Accu-Drop Feed Dispenser
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Feeder setting
Am
ount
dro
pped
90
75
60
K-STATE
Ultra-Drop Feed Dispenser
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 2 4 6 8 10
Feeder setting
Am
ount
dro
pped
90
75
60
K-STATE
Berry sow feeder Intak feeder
K-STATE
Automating sow lactation feeding idea from Iowa Select Farms
K-STATE
Beveled PVC screwed into sleeve tube welded into feeder
K-STATE
Second view
K-STATE
Now connecting to line directly without the feed box
K-STATE
2006
K-STATE
Flank measurement to set feeding levels
BW0.333 in kg = 0.0511 x Flank-to-flank, cm + 0.5687
K-STATE
Using the weight tape
K-STATE
Relationship between flank measurement and body weight
y = 0.0514x + 0.5379R2 = 0.9564
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Flank, cm
wt^
0.33
3
BW0.333 in kg = 0.0511 x Flank-to-flank, cm + 0.5687
317362943527334252332323221431196301792916428149271352612225lbinches
WeightFlank-to-flank
693486544761646580455464451343481424514142140394393673834237lbinches
WeightFlank-to-flank
K-STATE
Feeding of group-housed gestating sows
Concept: Divide feed allotment into 5 to 7 feedings per day
Initial response: Producers love it! They believe there is less fighting and less variation in weight gain
Research plans: We will be testing the concept in the near future.
Conceived by: Dr. Steve Henry and innovative Kansas producers
K-STATE
Effect of feeding frequency on gestating sow performance
Gestation weight gain, lb CV of weight gain, %
9888
20
40
60
80
100
120
2 times 6 times
Schneider et al., 2006
14.917.2
0
4
8
12
16
20
2 times 6 times
P=0.20P=0.32
K-STATE
Effect of feeding frequency on gestating sow vocalization
Schneider et al., 2006
PM Feeding Period
50
60
70
80
90
100
15:00 15:30 16:00 16:30 17:00Time, hr
Dec
ibel
Lev
el, d
B
Twice Multiple
Effect of feeding frequency on gestating sow and gilt structure and aggressiveness
Schneider et al., 2006
0.860.011.041.04Hoof0.120.011.111.09Feet/Leg
Structure0.920.011.121.12Vulva0.220.041.271.22Skin
Aggressiveness 0.020.011.011.05Hoof0.010.031.121.21Feet/Leg
Structure0.040.021.031.08Vulva0.010.041.341.51Skin
Aggressiveness 2 times 6 times SE P <
Sow
sG
ilts
Small, but significant responses in sows.
K-STATE
Conclusion from 2 versus 6 times feedingGilts:
Few growth, farrowing, or aggression differences
Sows:Few growth or farrowing performance differences. Feeding six times per day did result in a small but significant reduction in skin and vulva lesions and structural problem scores while increasing vocalization.
Increasing the feeding frequency from two to six times per daydoes not appear to have a dramatic negative or positive impacton performance or welfare of group housed gilts and sows.
Schneider et al., 2006
K-STATE
1.34
1.111.15
1.51
1.371.34
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
Exp 1 Exp 2 Exp 3
ADG
, lb
2 times 6 times
Effect of feeding frequency on growing pig (150 lb) performance
Schneider et al., 2006
P=0.01
K-STATE
2.78
3.45
3.23
2.44
2.782.70
2.2
2.5
2.8
3.1
3.4
3.7
Exp 1 Exp 2 Exp 3
Feed
/gai
n
2 times 6 times
Effect of feeding frequency on growing pig (150 lb) performance
Schneider et al., 2006
P=0.01
K-STATE
2006
K-STATE
What to do with High Grain Prices?Other ingredients follow grain priceAdded Fat – right now, best optionDried whey and Corn?
Work with what you have: Improve F/GParticle size & thorough mixing
Feed budgets
Feeder management
Genetics
Watch market weights
K-STATE
Particle size results with and without a flow agent
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Particle size with a flow agent, µ
Part
icle
siz
e w
ithou
t a fl
ow a
gent
, µ80 microns
K-STATE
Increasing Dried Whey PricesAt $0.25 per lb for SEW, Transition & phase 2• 1, 3, & 12 lb = $7.39• 1, 5, & 20 lb = $8.88
At $0.45 per lb• 1, 3, & 12 lb = $7.83• 1, 5, & 20 lb = $9.58
– watch your feed budgeting!
K-STATE
Effects of Biomin P.E.P. and Neoterra on growth performance of nursery pigs
(d 0 to 42 d after weaning)
1.00
1.061.11
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
Control Biomin PEP Neoterra
ADG
, lb a
bc
Sulabo et al., 2007
a,b,c P<0.05
1.63
1.56 1.56
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
Control Biomin PEP Neoterra
Feed
/gai
n
a
b b
K-STATE
Relationship between Corn Price and By-product Ingredient Prices
Corn X Y
Relative Cost
Rel
ativ
e V
alue
K-STATE
KSU Fat Analysis SpreadsheetPrices Prices
Corn, $/bu 3.50$ Carcass price 64.00$ SBM, $/ton 190.00$ Est. live price 49.54Fat, $/cwt 18.00$ Grind/mix/delivery, $/ton 12.00$
$(0.20)$(0.10)
$-$0.10$0.20$0.30$0.40$0.50$0.60
Diet 1
Diet 2
Diet 3
Diet 4
Diet 5
Diet 6
Net
retu
rn, $
/pig
3% fat6% fat
Click to printsummary
sheets
K-STATE
KSU Fat Analysis SpreadsheetPrices Prices
Corn, $/bu 3.50$ Carcass price 64.00$ SBM, $/ton 190.00$ Est. live price 49.54Fat, $/cwt 18.00$ Grind/mix/delivery, $/ton 12.00$
$(0.20)
$(0.10)
$-
$0.10
$0.20
$0.30
$0.40
$0.50
Diet 1
Diet 2
Diet 3
Diet 4
Diet 5
Diet 6
Incr
ease
in fe
ed c
ost,
$/pi
g
3% fat6% fat
Click to printsummary
sheets
K-STATE
“It’s pretty hard to beat a corn (milo)-soybean meal added fat diet.”
Bob: don’t screw it up
K-STATE
Watch Marketing Weights: Heavy Weight Packer Grinds
Low Grain Price High Grain Price
K-STATE
Watch Marketing Weights: Light Weight Packer Grinds
Low Grain Price High Grain Price
K-STATE
2006
K-STATE
KSU DDGS Commercial Environments
Nursery Pigs• 482 hd; initial weight 21.9 lb• Pigs fed 10% DDGS were 1.6 lbs lighter after 22 d
Finishing Pigs (Exp. 1)• 1,050 hd; initial weight 104.9 lb• Pigs fed 0 or 15% DDGS had equal performance• Pigs fed increasing added fat (0, 3, or 6%) had improved
performance Finishing Pigs (Exp. 2)• 1,038 hd; initial weight 102.1 lb• Pigs fed over 10% DDGS had reduced performance
K-STATE
DDGS and Ileitis benefits?
Exp 1 - No benefit for ileitis Exp. 2 – Minor reduction in ileitisExp. 3 – No benefit for ileitis
Final weight (lb) of challenged pigs in the three experiments
0% DDGS 10% DDGS 20% DDGS ReductionExp. 1 53.9 52.2 49.8 3%Exp. 2 76.9 67.3 12.4%Exp. 3 55.3 49.7 10%
Whitney et al., 2006a,b,c; University of MN
K-STATE
0.0172.070.668.666.8Iodine number0.0251.654.853.956.5Loin depth, mm0.0110.408.307.156.92Final BW CV, %
-7.86- 5.83-1.16Gross Difference, $106.64108.77113.06144.21$60 Carcass Price177.3180.6188.4190.4Carcass wt, lb
0.0171.0972.0872.8073.35Yield, %246.5250.7258.8259.5Final wt, lb62.261.962.862.8Initial wt, lb
0.011.781.821.891.90ADG, lbP <3020100
DDGS Level, %
Whitney et. at, 2006
K-STATE
Effect of fat level and feeding duration before market on jowl fat iodine value
67.168.8
70.3 70.2 71.573.6
79.180.9 82.0
60
65
70
75
80
85
Control 56 28 14 0 56 28 14 0
Iodi
ne v
alue
Benz et al., 2007
Choice white grease
Control vs fat P < 0.01Fat source P < 0.01Duration quad P < 0.01
Soybean oil
K-STATE
What is the “K” ValueStocking density will likely be legislated as an animal welfare standard on swine operations.Based on numerous studies evaluating stocking density, the “K” value, when multiplied by the weight of the pig, calculates the stocking density for any weight pig.
0.82 m2 = 20.4 (kg) × 0.0336(2.7 ft2 for a 45 lb pig)
K-STATE
Effects of “K” Value (Stocking Density) on Nursery ADG - 45 to 55 lb
1.63 1.64 1.671.63
1.51
1.30
1.40
1.50
1.60
1.70
1.80
0.0236 0.0286 0.0336 0.0385 0.0436K ValueSq Ft 3.5 3.1 2.7 2.3 1.9
No Differences (P > 0.21)
Goodband, unpublished
K-STATE
Effects of “K” Value (Stocking Density) on Nursery ADG - 14 to 55 lb
1.06 1.071.10
1.05 1.03
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
0.0236 0.0286 0.0336 0.0385 0.0436K ValueSq Ft 3.5 3.1 2.7 2.3 1.9
No Differences (P > 0.16)
Goodband, unpublished
K-STATE
Results
In this study, ADG only tended to numerically decrease when pig weight exceeded its calculated space allocation based on the suggested “K” value.
The proposed “K” value of 0.0336 will need further refinement if it is to be used as a standard space allocation requirement.
K-STATE
2006
