Sweden

Virtual Business Meeting in Pully, Switzerland

9 - 11 September 2020

Jonas Ammenberg

Country reportUpdate on Sweden, focusing on 2018-2019 (-2020)

10,5

4,5

3,7

Use of energy gases 2018/2019: 18,5 TWh

Natural gas

LPG

Biogas

Energy supply & deliveries of energy gases, 2018

Source: Swedish Energy Agency, 2020. Source: Statistics from the Swedish Gas Association, 2019

25% fossil energy Low share/levels of gas

141

22

103

1114

194

462

17 -17

Energy supply 2018: 552 TWh Biomass

Coal and coke

Crude oil and petroleumproductsNatural gas, gasworksgasOther fuels

Nuclear fuel

Primary heat

Hydropower

Windpower

Net electricity import

0

500

1 000

1 500

2 000

2 500

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Biogas production & number of biogas plants 2018

WWTP Co-digestion Plant Landfills Industrial facilities Farm scale

Production of biogas, 2018

Source: Swedish Energy Agency &Swedish Gas Association

GWh

138

36

556

44279 plants in total, produced 2,03 TWh in 2018

Pcs

Excluding 1 pilot

gasification plant

36%

47%

7%

7%3%

Share of production from different types of biogas plants

WWTPs

Co-digestion plants

Landfills

Industrial facilities

Farm scale

In addition: about

2 TWh/y imported from

Denmark (mainly) and a

few other countries

Utilization of biogas, 2018

Source: Swedish Energy Agency and Swedish Gas Association

About 30% of the imported gas (443 GWh/y) is used as vehicle fuel

63%

20%

2%

3%

1%

10%1%

Utilization of biogas produced in Sweden, 2018

Upgrading: transport (87%)

Heat

Electricity

Industry

Other

Flaring

Losses or no data

Development regarding gas as vehicle fuel

Source: Statistics Sweden (SCB)

• Reached 95% biogas (in 2020).

• Liquified biomethane has entered the market (vehicles & fuels)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Deliveries of gas as vechicle fuel, 2009-2019 (MNm3)

Biogas total, MNm3 Naturgas total, MNm3 Vehicle gas total, MNm3

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Total number of gas filling stations

Total number of gas filling stations

Ca 190 public filling stations

Above 1500 GWh in 2019

Development regarding gas as liquified fuel

Source: Statistics Sweden (SCB)

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

1600000

1800000

2017 2018 2019

Deliveries of liquified gas fuels

LBG, kg LNG, kg Total, kg

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

2017 2018 2019

Refueling stations for liquified gas (LBG/LNG)

Number of refuelling stations

Source: Swedish Gas Association

Development regarding gas vehicles

Sources: Statistics Sweden (SCB) & Transport Analysis

• Ca 54 000 gas vehicles:✓ 42 000 pass. cars✓ 8 500 light lorries✓ 2 600 buses✓ 1000+ heavy lorries

• A shift in focus to electric vehicles (EV):✓ Policy best for (EV), but ok for gas✓ Fewer good gas pass. vehicle

models✓ Promising regarding HDV and LBG

• A large share of second-hand gas vehicles sold to Finland & theCzech republic

0

10 000

20 000

30 000

40 000

50 000

60 000

e.o. 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Gas vehicle development, 2008-2019

Passenger cars Light lorries Heavy lorries Buses Total

0

200

400

600

800

1 000

1 200

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Heavy lorries, upscaled

Digestate management

• About 2.8 Mtonnes of digestate in 2018:

– 86% as biofertilizer in agriculture

• Almost 100 % as biofertilizer from co-digestion plants and farm-

scale plants.

• About 40 % as biofertilizer from WWTPs

Source: Swedish Energy Agency & Swedish Gas Association

Development• The Swedish Biogas Research Center released a book in 2019 on

the role of biogas in a sustainable society, comprising examples

of innovative biogas projects in Sweden and in Norway

https://biogasresearchcenter.se/order-book-biogas-in-the-

sustainable-society/?lang=en (english version)

The institutional conditions for biogas

Source: Gustafsson and Anderberg, 2021

New article from BRC

Policy

• New policy:

o Bonus-malus (cars with low CO2 emissions get a bonus,

while cars with high CO2 emissions get a punitive tax. EV

highest bonus)

o Municipal environmental zones – gas vehicles allowed in the

most restricted zones (zone 3)

o Quota obligation for biofuels in gasoline and diesel from

July 1st, 2018

Policy – future

• About 30% increased use of biogas 2017 and 2018, mainly due

to imported gas from Denmark (and a few other countries).

– Sweden has tax exemption for users, while other EU countries have

production support → double subsidies → prices similar to natural

gas for heating/industry

• Enquiry into market conditions for the Swedish biogas sector;

More biogas! For a sustainable Sweden:

o 676 pages!

o Investigation of the most suitable long-term policies for biogas and

biomethane after 2020

o New legal texts suggested → hoping for a rapid implementation

o Focus on the production side

7 TWh/y 2030 from anaerobic digestion

Production target

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

2018 2030 low 2030 high

Present production from AD vs target

Manure Food waste WWTP:s, sewage sludge Crops "Food industry"

GWh/y

Source: Marcus Gustafsson

0,0

2,0

4,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

12,0

Bio

gas

pro

cuct

ion

, TW

h

Production target perspective

10 TWh/y

including gasification

7 TWh/y

from AD

Main support suggested

Package I:

• Continued production support for manure-based biogas: ~ € 0.040 per kWh

• Upgrading support: ~ € 0.020–0.030 per kWh

• Liquefaction support: ~ € 0.010–0.015 per kWh

Package II:

• Beneficial financial instruments (loans, guarantees)

• Some kind of production support (other energy gases/technologies,

i.e. not AD)?

• Ten years support period

Upgrading -

biomethane for

transport & industry!

www.biogasresearchcenter.se