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8/11/2019 Sustainable Heating Cooling Buildings (2009)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sustainable-heating-cooling-buildings-2009 1/46
P r of e s s or B j ar n e
W. Ol e s en ,P h D
P r of e s s or B j ar n e
W. Ol e s en ,P h D
D i r e
c t or
D i r e
c t or
I n t er n a t i on al C en t r ef or I n d o or E nvi r o
nm en t an d
I n t er n a t i on al C en t r ef or I n d o or E nvi r o
nm en t an d
E n e
r g y
E n e
r g y
T e c
h ni c al U ni v er si t y of D enm
ar k
T e c
h ni c al U ni v er si t y of D enm
ar k
S u s t ai n
a b l eH
e a t i n g
an
d C o ol i n
g
S u s t ai n
a b l eH
e a t i n g
an
d C o ol i n
g
of B
ui l
d i n g s
of B
ui l
d i n g s
I n t er n a t i o n a l C e n t r e f or I n d o or E n v i r o n m e
n t A n d E n er g y
S U S T A
I N A B L E
H E A T I N G
A N D C O O
L I N G OF B U I L D I N G S
L ow
T em
p er
a t ur eH
e a t i n g-
H i g
h T em
p e
r a t ur e
C o
ol i n g
E
m b e d d e d w a t e r b a s e d
E
m b e d d e d w a t e r b a s e d
r a d i an t s ur f a c e h e a t i n g an d c o o
l i n g s y s t e m s
r a d i an t s ur f a c e h e a t i n g an d c o o
l i n g s y s t e m s
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N o c o ol i n
g–
d e
cr e a s e d p er f or m
an
c e
L ow
en
er g
y c o s
t s
L ow
o p er a
t i on
c
o s t s
F ul l A i r - C
on
d i t i oni n
g
C on
s t an
t t em
p e
r a t ur e
D r a
u gh
t ,N
oi s
e ,
S B S
H i gh
en
er g
y c o s t s
H i gh
o p er a
t i on
c o s t s
T h
er m
o- A
c t i v e- B
ui l d i n
g- S
y s t em
s
T em
p er a
t ur er am
p s
R e a s on
a b l e
en
e
r g y c o s t s
L ow
o p er a
t i on
c
o s t s
C OMF
OR T - P E
R F OR M
A N C E
P e o pl e
1 0 0
M ai n t en
an c e1 0
F i n an ci n
g
1 0
E n er g y
1
C OM
F OR T - P R
OD
U C T I V I T Y
B ui l d i n
g c o s t s
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C ON C E P T S OF R A D I A N T H E
A T I N G
A
N D C O OL I N
G S Y S T E M
S
• H
e a t i n g
- c o ol i n
g p an
e
l s
• S ur f a
c e
s y s t em
s
• E m
b e d d
e d s y s t em
s
S u
s p en
d e d c o ol e
d c ei l i n g
s
8/11/2019 Sustainable Heating Cooling Buildings (2009)
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R
a d i an
t
R
a d i an
t s ur f a c
e
s ur
f a c eh
e a t i n g
h e a t i n g
an d an d c o ol i n
g
c o ol i n
g s y s t em
s
s y s t em
s
F l o
or
F l o
or
W al l
W al l
T h
er m oA
c t i v eB
ui l d i n
g S y s t em
s
T h
er m oA
c t i v eB
u
i l d i n
g S y s t em
s
C ei l i n g
C ei l i n g
R ei nf or c
em
en
t
R ei nf or c
em
en
t F
l o or
F
l o or
C on
cr e t e
C on
cr e t e
P i p
e s
P i p
e s
R o om
R o o
m
R o om
R o o
mWi n
d ow
Wi n
d ow
S U R F A C E H E A T I N
GA N D C O O
L I N G
H e a t t r an
sf er
c o ef f i ci en
t 8 , 0
8 , 0
6 , 0
1 1 , 0
1 1
, 0
7 , 0
5 , 5
6 , 5
7 , 5
8 , 5
9 , 5
1 0 , 5
1 1 , 5
F l o or
C ei l i n g
W al l
W / m
2 K
H e
a t i n g C
o ol i n g
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2 0 0 9 - 0 1 -2 7
B j a r n e W . Ol e s e n ,I C I E E -DT U
9
L o gi s t i k c e n t r um2 0 . 0 0
0 m2
,H ü c k e l h o v e n
2 0 0 9 - 0 1 -2 7
B j a r n e W . Ol e s e n ,I C I E E -DT U
1 0
L T U -H an g ar H
am b or g
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2 0 0 9 - 0 1 -2 7
B j a r n e W . Ol e s e n ,I C I E E -DT U
1 1
S p or t s s k ol e O b er h a c h i n g
,2 2 . 5 0 0 m2 g ul v v ar m
eR a d i an
t F l
o or C o ol i n
g
R a d i an
t F l
o or C o ol i n
g
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A i r p
or t B
an gk
ok
A i r p
or t B
an gk
ok
A i r p
or t B
an gk
ok
A i r p
or t B
an gk
ok
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A i r p
or t B
an gk
ok
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F l o
or
c
o ol i n
g
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H E A T L
OA D
S
• On
c e t h eh
e
a t l o a d t o t h e s p a c eh
a d b e en
d e t er mi n
e d , t h e
c on
d i t i oni n
g
s y s t emw
a s b ei n
g d ev
el o
p e d
.
• T h
el o
a d sf o
r t h e c on
c o ur s
ew er e
9 7 W
/ m2
• T h
e c on
d i t i o
ni n g s y s t em
s t or em
ov
e t h i sh
e a t f r om
t h e
s p a c ew
a s d
i vi d e d a sf ol l ow
s:
–R
a d i an
t F
l o or
8 0 W
/ m2
–V
en
t i l a t i o
nA i r 1 7 W
/ m2
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V E N T I L
A T I ON
•
T h e o u t d o or ai r A H U wi l l s u p pl y v ar i a b l e o u t d o o
r ai r q u an t i t i e s
a t a c on s t an t t e
m p er a t ur e t o t h ez on eA H U ’ s .
•
T h ev ol um e of o u t d o or ai r wi l l b
ev ar i e d d e p en d
i n g u p on t h e
C O2 l ev el s m e t
er e d i n e a c h z on
e , d own t o af i x e d mi ni m um
p o s i t i on
•
E a c h z on eA H U c an s u p pl y ai r
a t 1 6 C t o t h e s p a c ev i a t h e
d i s pl a c em en t d
i f f u s er s
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I n s t al l a t i on
o
f P E X
pi p
e s
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T er mi n
al
b ui l d i n
g
8/11/2019 Sustainable Heating Cooling Buildings (2009)
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A i r p
or t B
an gk
ok
A i r p
or t B
an gk
ok
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A i r p
o
r t
B an
gk
ok
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L i
s b o aD
ol c
eV i t aT
e j o
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L i
s b o aD
ol c
eV i t aT
e j o
T A
B S
T A
B S
T h
er m
oA c t i v eB
ui l d i n
g S y
s t em
s
T h
er m
oA c t i v eB
ui l d i n
g S y
s t em
s
I n s ul
a t i on
I n s ul
a t i on
F
l o or
F
l o or
C o
n cr e t e
C o
n cr e t e
R ei nf
or c em
en
t
R ei nf or c
em
en
t
P i p
e
P i p
e
R o om
R o om
R o om
R o om
Wi n
d ow
Wi n
d ow
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A R T
M U S E
U M
B R
E GE N Z
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A R T
M U S E
U M
I N B R E
GE N Z
•
D e si gnr e
q ui r em
en
t s
–A i r
t em
p er a
t ur ev ar i a
t i on
s d ur i n
g
a d a ywi t h i n4 K
–R
el a
t i v eh
umi d
i t yv
ar i a
t i on
sl e
s s
t h an
6 % d ur i n
g a
d a y.
– S e a s on
al v
ar i a
t i on
s b e t w e en4
8
an d 5 8 %
–R
o om
t em
p er a
t ur ei nwi n
t er 1
8 o C
t o2 2 o C
–R
o om
t em
p er a
t ur ei n
s umm
er 2 2 o
C t o2
6 o C
, o c c a s
i on al
u p t o2
8 o C
•
D e si gnl o
a d 2
5
0 p er s
on
s pr .
d
a y ,2 h
o ur s
•
D i s pl a
c em
en
t v
en t i l a t i on
< 0 ,2
h - 1
•
F l o or
ar e
a2 . 8
0
0 m²
,4 f l o
or s
•
2 8 . 0 0 0 m
pl a
s t i c pi p
e s em
b e d d e d i nw
al l s
an
d f l o
or
sl a
b s
A R T M
U S E
U M
B R
E GE N Z
• 3 .7
5 0 m² f l o
o
r ar e a
• 4 .7 2
5 m²
em
b
e d d e d pi p
e s
• C on
d en
si n
g b oi l er
• V en
t i l a t i on7
5 0 m
3 / h p er f l o
o
r
( f i r s t d e si gnw
a s2
5 . 0
0 0 m 3 / h
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A R T M U S E U M
I N B R E GE N Z
A R T
M
U S E
U M
B
R E GE N Z
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A R T
M
U S E
U M
B
R E GE N Z
A R T M
U S E
U M
B R E
GE N
Z -
M e a s ur em en
t s
1
5
1
6
1
7
1
8
1
9
2
0
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
4
2
5
2
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
3
0
3
1
3
2
3
3
3
4
3
5 2. Okt
3. Okt
4. Okt
5. Okt
6. Okt
7. Okt
8. Okt
9. Okt
10. Okt
11. Okt
12. Okt
13. Okt
14. Okt
15. Okt
° C
0 5 1 0
1 5
2 0
2 5 3 0 3 5
4 0
4 5 5 0 5 5 6 0 6 5
7 0
7 5 8 0 8 5 9 0 9 5
1 0 0
%
t -L uf t - 5 mi n-m e an
t -B o d en- 5 mi n-m e an
r F - 5 mi n-m
e an
V 2 3 0
5 0 0 -1 G
3 0 0 -R ! !
V 2 0 0
? ? ?
H umi d i t
y
Ai r T e m
p .
F l o or T e m p
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Of f i c e s
M +
W Z an
d er
S t u t t g ar t ,
G er m
an
y
-T
A B S –
- i n
6 . 5
0 0 m2
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MW- Z
an d
er
M e a s ur em
en t s
d ur i n gn
or
m al
o p er a
t i on
O p e r a t i v e t e m p e r a t ur e s e
n s or
Ai r t e m p e r a t ur e s
e n s or
T r a n s mi t t e r s
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S t u t t g
ar t
S t u t t g ar t 2 4 . 0 7 .- 2 8 . 0 7 ,2 0 0 0
2 0
2 1
2 2
2 3
2 4
2 5
2 6
24. Jul
24. Jul
25. Jul
25. Jul
26. Jul
26. Jul
27. Jul
27. Jul
28. Jul
28. Jul
29. Jul
Z ei t
Temperatur [°C]
O1 - O p er
a t i v eB ü r o4 . S t o c k F en s t er - O s t
F 1 -F l ä c h e4 . S t o c k R u c k l a uf
O- O p er a
t i v eB ü r o 5 . S t o c k F en s t er -W e s t
O 6 - O p er a t i v eB ü r o 5 . S t o c k F en s t er - O s t
Of f i c
e b ui l d i n
g
M uni ch
• 1
9 9 9
• 4 f l o
or
s
• 4 2 . 0
0 0 m²
• 1
3 . 5
0 0 m²
c on
cr e
t e sl a
b
( 2
8 cm
) c o ol i n
g
• A
d d i t i
on al h
e a t i n g
• O p er a
b l ewi n
d ow
s
• E
s t i m
a t e d en
er g
y c o s t s
8 . 8 D M
m²
a
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Of f i c
e b ui l d i n gi nM
un
i ch
F E
S T
S P I E L H A
U S B R E
GE N Z
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F E
S T
S P I E L H A
U S B R E
GE N Z
R O OM4
0 4
R O O
M
3 0 4
H al l
S
k y-l i gh t
Wi n d o w
Wi n d o w
S t e e
l
s u p p or t
P i p e s
B RE GE
NZ
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F E
S T S P I E L H A
U S B R E
G
E N Z
F E
S T
S P I E L H A
U S B R E
GE N Z
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B RE G
E NZ
B RE G
E NZ
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E n
e
r g y c on
c e p t i n
B OB .1
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T em
p er
a t ur e
sf or
on
e y e ar i nB
OB .1
c o ol i n
g p er i o
d i nB
OB .1
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H e a t i n g p er i o d i nB
OB .1
0
5 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 5 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0
2 5 0 0 0
3 0 0 0 0
3 5 0 0 0
H ei z un g
K ü h l un g
L ü f t un g
B el e u c h t un g
P um p en
W ar mw a s s er
S umm e
Yearly energie costs [€/m²a]
B e s t an d
B OB .1
E n
er g
y ef f i ci en
c y of B
O
B .1
9 4
% en
er g
y s avi n
g c om
p ar e
d wi t h
c onv
en
t i on
al
c o ol i n
g
6 0 % en
er g
y s avi n
gf or l i gh
t i n g b y d
a yl i gh
t s t e er i n
g
T h
en
e e d of
e
n er g yf or h
e a t i n g , c o ol i n g
, ai r -
v en
t i l a t i on
l i gh
t i n g an
d w
ar mw
a t e
r i s2 7
, 8 k Wh
/ m²
p er
y e ar
E n
er g
y c o s t s
p er m² ,
p er
y e ar : 2
,7 E
U R ,
p er m
on
t h 2 2
, 5 C en
t
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6 .E n er g y
s o ur c e s
D e u t s ch eP
o s t
H e a d q u ar
t er s
B onn
, G er m
an
y
• P r o j e c t f a c t s
–h
ei gh
t : 1
6
2 . 5 0 m
–f l o
or s
a b o
v e gr a
d e: 4
5
–f l o
or s
b el ow
gr a
d e:
5
–w
or k
pl a
c e s: a b o u t
2 , 0 0 0
– ar e
a:
a b o u
t 6 0 , 0 0 0 m²
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C om
p
on en
t s of
t h e en
er g
y an d
c omf or t
c on c e p t
•
d o u b l e s k i nf a c a d ewi t h
pr o t e c t e d sh
a d i n g d evi c e
•
n a t ur al c o ol i n
g s o ur c e b y t w o
w el l s- t em p er a t ur e1 2 ° C
•
t h er m al m a s s
a c t i v a t i oni n t h e
o p en c ei l i n g
s
•
i n d i vi d u al m
an u al v en t i l a t i on
- o p er a b l ewi n d ow s
•
m e ch ani c al s u p p or t e d
d e c en t r al i s e d
v en t i l a t i onwi t h
h e a t r e c ov er
y b y t em p er i n g
t h e sk y- g ar d
en swi t h
exh a u s t ai r f
r om t h e of f i c e s
•
f r e sh ai r f or
t h e of f i c e s
al w a y s f r om t h e d o u b l e sk i n
b uf f er t h r o u gh wi n d ow s or
s o un d pr o t e c t e d s u p pl y uni t
wi t h h e a t i n
an d c o ol i n
C on
c e p t el em
en
t s
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D
e u t s ch
eP
o s t T A B
S
I n s t al l
a t i on
•
c ov
er s
8 0 % of
c ei l i n
g
ar e ai n
of f i c e s , c onf er en
c er o
om s an
d
ci r c ul a
t i on
ar e
a s
•
t y pi c
al l y1 2
0 m
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0
mm
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g
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al l i n
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s ,i n
cl .
d i s t r i b u t i on
pi pi n
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or
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s
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i
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t of wi n
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•
n
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en
t i l a t i on
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t r a c t a b s or b
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g ai n
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•
i
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•
c
on cr e
t e sl a
b c o ol i n
gw
i t h R h i n
ew
a t er
a
sn a t ur al
s o ur c
e
•
h
i gh er
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s ur f a
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t
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s
•
n
i gh t - t i m ef l u
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ai r
t o
•
pr eh
e a t i n g of f r e
sh
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t h e d o u b l ef a
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•
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•
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e a
t r e c ov
er y
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E x
p er i en
c e sf r
omD
e u t s ch e
P o s t
• n
a t ur al v
en t i l a
t i oni s
p o s si b l e
ev
enwi t h
s t r on
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n t r ol l e
d f a
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g s
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ar y
sk i n
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t r al i z e
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sh
ai r
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ni t s pr ovi d
e
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l c on
t r ol
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an
d
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c omf or t wi
t h c on
cr e
t e c or
e
c o ol i n
g
• e c on
omi c
al a d v
an
t a g e s
– on e t e ch ni c al f l o or sk i p p e d
–n o sh af t sf or s u p pl y an d exh
a u s t ai r
–n o s u s p e
n d e d c ei l i n g s
–m ai n t en a
n c e c o s t i nr an g e of c onv en t i on al s y s t e
m s
–
B al an
c e d Of f i c eB
ui l d i n g ( B OB
.1 )
A a ch en , G
er m an y
•
Gr o
s sf l o or
ar e
a2
,1 5 1
m²
•
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t e
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el o
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un d - c
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gwi t h T A B
S
•
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t i l a t i on
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c ov
er y
•
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t - c on
t r ol l e
d
l i gh
t i n g
•
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w a t er
c ol l e
c t i onf or
u s e
i n t oi l e
t f l u
sh i n
g
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D o ck l an d
D o ck l an
d ,
H am b ur g
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D ev
el o
pi n gL
ow
E x er g
y S y s t em
s
i n t h eT r o
pi c
s
( M a l a y s i
a , S i n g a p or e ,T h a i l a n d ,I n d on e s i a )
C l
i m a t e s wh e r e :
• E
v a p or a t i v e c o ol i n
gi s n o t p o s s i b l e
• E
a r t h c o u pl i n gi s n
o t u s e f ul
• D
e h umi d i f i c a t i oni s n e c e s s a r y
• A
m b i e n t t e m p e r a t ur e s a r e a b o v e i n t e r n a l c omf or t t e m p e r a t ur e
• C
o ol i n gi s 1 0 0 % a n d h e a t i n gi s z e r o
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E N E R
GY - 1
0
O p t i mi s
a t i on
ME C MN R E L / A u t oB ui l d
S h o e b ox B a s e
C onv en t i on al
ME C ML E
O
0 1 0 0
2 0 0
3 0 0
C o ol i n g
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t s
O t h er
T o t al
1 2 0
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1 1
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1 0 0
k Wh
/ m² y e ar
E
N E R
GY - 1
0 O p
t i mi s
a t i on
0 2 5 5 0 7 5
1 0 0
1 2 5
C o ol i n
g
L i gh
t s
O t h er
ME C ML E O
S u
p er L owE .B ui l d i n g
6 4
3 7
1 1
6
2 5
8
1 0 0
5 1
k Wh / m2 y e ar
T o t al
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u
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S e c t i on
, Of f i c
e
B ,v
er si o
n 3
u t d o or
A t r i um
H i gh l y r ef l e
c t i v e c ei l i n g
L i gh t s h el f
B l i n d r ef l e
c t i n gl i gh t u pw ar d s
A i r d u c t s
N o d i r e
c t sk
yv
i ew
T r an s m. 0 . 8
T r an s m. 0 . 5
2 0 ° C
1 5 ° C
E v a p or
a t or
A H U
1 5 ° C
2 0 ° C
2 0 ° C
2 2 ° C
2 3 ° C
2 3 ° C
Of f c oi l t e m p e r a t u
r e of c h i l l e r i ni n c
r e a s e d f r om 7 o C t o1 8 o C
i n c r e a s e d C OP of
C h i l l e r
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!
! "
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#
#
$ % "
! !
& ' (
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$
S e c
t i on ,T h
er m
al C omf o
r t
2 0
° C
( c on c r e t e s
l a b c o ol i n g )
2 2 -2 3 ° C
( c e
i l i n g s ur f a c e )
2 2 -2 3 ° C
( f l o or s ur f a c e )
2 7 -2 8 ° C
( ai r
t em p er a t ur e )
T h
er m al C omf or t :
2 5 -2 6 ° C
( o p er a t i v e t em p er a t ur e )
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P R E -
F A B R I C A T I ON
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P R E - F A B R I C A T I O
N
L owE x er g y
L owE x er g yH y d r oni c
H y d r oni c
R a d i an t
R a d i an t H e a t i n g
H e a t i n g an d
an d
C o ol i n g
C o ol i n g
Wh y
Wh y
? ?
• •
W a t er
W a t er
b a s e d
b a s e d s y s t em s
s y s t em s
• •
L owL ow
t em
p er a
t ur e
t em
p er a
t ur e
h e a t i n g
h e a t i n g- - H i gh
H i gh
t em
p er a t ur e
t em
p er a t ur e
c o ol i n
g
c o ol i n
g
• •
M or eM or e
e c on
omi c
al
e c on
omi c
al
t o t om ov
e
m ov
eh
e a t
h e a t b y b yw
a t er
w
a t er : :
–– Gr e
a t er
Gr e
a t er h
e a t
h e a t c
a p a ci t y
c a p a ci t y
t h an
t h an
ai r ai r
––M
u ch
M u ch
sm
al l er
sm
al l er
d i am
e t er
d i am
e t er
pi p
e s
pi p
e s t h a
n
t h a
n ai r ai r - - d
u c t s
d u c t s
––E l e
c t r i c al
E l e
c t r i c al
c on
s um p t i on
c on
s um p t i onf or f or
ci r c
u
l a t i on
ci r c
u
l a t i on
p um
p
p um
pi si sl ow
er
l ow
er t h an
t h anf or f or f an
s
f an
s
• •
L ow
er
L ow
er n
oi s
e
n oi s
el ev
el
l ev
el
• •
L e s sL e s
sr i sk
r i sk f or f or
d r a
u
gh t
d r a
u
gh t
• •
L ow
er
L ow
er
b ui l d i n
g
b ui l d i n
gh
e
i gh t
h e
i gh t
• •
H i gh
er
H i gh
er
ef f i ci en
c y
ef f i ci en
c y
of of en
er g
y
en
er g
y pl an
t
pl an
t
• •
B u t B u
t –R
e d u c e d c a p a ci t y?
–A
c o u s t i c?
–L
a t en
t l o
a d ?