Heating and Cooling of Industrial Buildings with Shallow ... · PDF fileIndustrial Buildings with Shallow Geothermal Energy. ... Types of Geothermal Energy Utilisation / Technologies

International Geothermal Office

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Heating and Cooling of Industrial Buildings with Shallow Geothermal Energy


Dr. Claus Heske | International Geothermal Office - IGO | 05.04.2016 | Lima – Dezentrale Strom- und Wärmeversorgung mit Erneuerbaren Energien in Peru Folie 2

IGO – International Geothermal Office

Tasks and Objectives:

Furtherance international activities for German geothermal-players

Enhancement export opportunities for German companies

Transfer of technology, know-how and information between universities, industry and the community

Establishment and expansion of the scientific network with partner universities and research institutions

Implementation and networking of applied research between universities and industry

Increasing the level of awareness of geothermal energy

knowledge transfer amongst the general public, politicians, public administrators and decision makers



BVG - Bundesverband Geothermie e.V. - German Geothermal Association

The German Geothermal Association (BVG),established in 1991, currently has about 600 active companies and individual members. With members coming from a variety of different professions, the BVG advocates the use of all existing geothermal technologies ranging from shallow to deep, and the cooling, heating, and production of electricity.

The following are the main functions of the BVG: Informing the public about the advantages and the possible uses of the technology Dialogue with politicians and political leaders Improvement of the frame conditions and the political situation on a

national-, European- and international level The support of technological development and researches

More information: http://www.geothermie.de/



More Information

International Geothermal Centre (GZB) www.geothermie-zentrum.de

German Geothermal Association (BGV) www.geothermie.de

International Geothermal Association (IGA) www.geothermal-energy.org

IEA Geothermal www.iea.gia.org

German Heat pump Association (BWP) www.waermepumpe.de

European Heat pump Association (EHPA) www.ehpa.org

Think Geoenergy http://www.thinkgeoenergy.com/

Staatliche Geologische Dienste Deutschlands www.infogeo.de

Geothermal Information System for Germany www.geotis.de

Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy www.bmwi.de

Federal Office for Econimic Affairs and Export Control www.bafa.de/bafa

http://www.geothermie-zentrum.de/

http://www.geothermie.de/

http://www.geothermal-energy.org/

http://www.iea.gia.org/

http://www.waermepumpe.de/

http://www.ehpa.org/

http://www.thinkgeoenergy.com/

http://www.infogeo.de/

http://www.geotis.de/

http://www.bmwi.de/EN/root.html

http://www.bafa.de/bafa



Geothermal Energy – Source and Definition

The Earth

Crust

Mantle

Inner Core

Outer Core7,200 °F

9,000 °F 3,700 mi

1,250 mi

2,500 mi

Temperatures Depht

Temperatures in the Earth

54 °F

Geothermal Energy is the energy stored beneath the surface of the solid earthin form of heat (VDI 4640 regulation). Synonyms include Geothermal Heat.



Geothermal Energy - Source

99% of the Earth is hoter than 1,000 °C99 % ot the rest is hotter than 100 °C



Different Types of Geothermal Energy Utilisation / Technologies

Geothermal systems can be classifiedunder various aspects: shallow and deep geothermal energy, the depth of the heat exploitation type of use of geothermal energy. different energy extraction technologies different geoscientific parameters

Source: BMWi (2014):Deep Geothermal Energy



In the case ofshallow geothermal energy, the geothermal heat is extracted from shallow depthswithin the earth down to 150 m, e.g. by using:

ground heat collectors, borehole heat exchangers (BHE),

groundwater wells or

energy piles.This shallow geothermal energy can only be exploited by using heat pumps.Technical work is necessary to raise the heat from a lower to a higher temperature level.


Heating and Coolingof Buildings





Deep geothermal energyinvolves systems in which thegeothermal energy is extracted by deep wellsand the energy can be used directly.

According to this definition, deep geothermal energycomprises depths of more than 400 m (in Germany!) and temperatures exceeding 20 °C. Generally it is more common to restrict the term deep geothermal energy to depths of below 1,000 m and temperatures exceeding 60 °C.





Deep geothermal energyincludes the following systemswhich are defined by the enthalpy.

The enthalpy categorizes the heat content and is a measure of the energy within a thermo-dynamic system.

Hydrothermal systems with low enthalpy

Hydrothermal systems with high enthalpy

Petrothermal systems





Deep geothermal energy:hydrothermal systems with low enthalpy:

Primarily thermal water located underground is directly (or if necessary via a heat exchanger) used to feed

district heating systems,

for agricultural,

for industrial, or for balneological purposes.

Aquifers with thermal (> 20 °C), warm (60–100 °C) or hot (> 100 °C) water

Temperatures above approx. 100 °C allow the generation of electricity.





Deep geothermal energy:Hydrothermal systems with high enthalpyUse of steam or two-phase systems for power generation.

not existing in Germany!





Deep geothermal energy:Petrothermal systemsMainly involves utilisation of the energy stored in the rock.

Hot-Dry-Rock-Systems (HDR) or Enhanced-Geothermal-Systems (EGS)These systems extract energy from the rock itself they are therefore largely independent of water-bearing structures. The hot rock (generally the crystalline basement) is used as a heat exchanger.

HDR / EGS systems are primarily used for power generation.




Shallow Geothermal Energy

Neutral Zone

Heat Flowout off the Earth

ca. 0,03-0,2 W/m2

ØTGL = 7 – 11 °C (BRD)

Geothermal GradientØ ∼ 3 K/100 m

20 m10 °C

120 m13 °C

220 m16 °C

Source: Erdwärmenutzung in Hessen Leitfaden für Erdwärmesondenanlagen zum Heizen und Kühlen



Ground Source Heat Pump Systems

heat pump

3 kWgeothermal power

4 kWheating power

1 kWelectric power

Source: Baden-Württemberg - Leitfaden zur Nutzungvon Erdwärme mit Erdwärmesonden

heating circulation

heat source

4 kW (heating power)

1 kW (electric power)

coefficient ofperformance = 4(COP) =



Ground Source Heat Pump Systems

Source: Baden-Württemberg - Leitfaden zur Nutzungvon Erdwärme mit Erdwärmesonden

Heating

winter:heat from the ground in the house

summer:heat from the house in the gound

and Cooling



Heat pump systems with borehole heat exchanger (BHE)

Pros:• high efficiency β > 3,5• generally accepted and approved technique and material• easy to maintain • low space requirements• allowed to build over• big loads are possible• almost everywhere possible• heating and cooling

Cons:• high initial cost• water law procedure required

Source: Bundesverband Wärmepumpe (BWP) e.V.



Heat pump systems with groundwater wells

Pros:• high efficiency β > 5• low space requirements• big loads are possible• heating and cooling

Cons:• high investigation and planning effort

(pumping test, modeling, water analysis, dissolved matter (Fe, Mn, O2)

• water law procedure required• specific hydrogeological conditions required• high-maintenance



Project Procedure

ConsultingPre-arrange-

mentDesign / Planning Construc-

tionOpera-

tion

SGE = Shallow Geothermal Engineering

HVAC = Heating, Ventilation Air Conditioning



Project Procedure

Consulting Pre-arrangement Basic Evaluation Preliminary Design

SGE

HVAC

Consulting of developerPre-feasibility study (technical / permit procedure)Evaluation of location, first estimation of geothermal potentialComparison of layoutsFirst estimated design of geothermal facilityGeothermal survey (pilot well + EGRT)

Consulting of developerFirst evaluation of demand for heating / cooling and loadEconomical check of geothermal solutionFundamental evaluation of object ability for geothermal energyPrecise evaluation of heating / cooling demandEstimated design of building services

Preferred alternative



Project Procedure

SGE

HVAC

Execution Drawings

Final Design

BuildingPermission Application

Tendering Assistance

TenderingPreperation

Planning of geothermal facilityPreparation of permitting documents

Detailed design of geothermal facilityPreparation of tender documents

Tendering assistance

Planning of building servicesApplication for building permission

Detailed design of building servicesPreparation of tender documents

Tendering assistance



Project Procedure

Construction

SGE

HVAC

Project assistanceMonitoringConstruction supervision



Project Procedure

OperationProject Control and Documentation

SGE

HVAC

Acceptance of contract worksCompilation of documents andHandover to developer and local authorities

Optimization of operationAdjustment to user



Relevant Laws for Geothermal Projects

Water Acts of the federal states

German Federal Mining Act

German Mineral Deposit Act



Approval Procedure

16 Federal States in Germany



Hydrogeological Site Assessment



Hydrogeological Site Assessment

untight boreholeMulti-aquifer formation

Water Acts of the Federal States



Geothermical Site Assessment



Geothermal Site Investigation – Pilot Borehole







EGRTCable




Grouting of the annular spacing

Grouting pump

BHEconstruction

geologicalprofile




Densimetry of the grouting suspension for quality checkSampling of grouting suspension



Geothermal Site Investigation - EGRT




undisturpedtemperatureof the underground

borehole-resistant

thermal conductivity of the underground

geologicalprofile




Ø l = 2,2 W/m/Klmax = 2,8 W/m/KØ T = 14,1°CTmax = 16,4°CD Tmax = 4,6 K/100 m




Ø l = 2,1 W/m/Klmax = 3,0 W/m/KØ T = 9,5°CTmax = 10,0°CD T = 0,0°K/100 m



Software for Geothermal Planning



Energy Requirement for Heating and Cooling



Energy Requirement for Heating and Cooling



Peakload – Baseload – bivalente Systems

baseload 70 - 95 %with heatpump

peakload conventional with oil or gas




Peak load




Peak load

cut




Peak load

cut




Peak load

cut




Peak load

cut



Modeling Temperature and Groundwater



Modeling Temperature and Groundwater



Fraport Terminal 3 – Pilot Boreholes /EGRT

EWS P1EWS P2

EWS P3



Fraport Terminal 3 – Pilot Boreholes /EGRT



Fraport Terminal 3 – Parking Garage



Fraport Terminal 3 – Parking Garage (detail)



Distribution Champer







TacoSetter-Bypass

TacoSetter-Inline

Oventrop circuitcontrol valves



Modelling groundwater flow and spread of temperature



Modelling groundwater flow and spread of temperature



Shallow Geothermal Energy: Campus Bielefeld

Fachhochschule ENUS

FBIIS



Shallow Geothermal Energy: Campus Bielefeld

University406 Energy Piles á 8 mHeat Pump = 260 kWFree cooling = 356 kW

FBIIS24 BHE á 85 mFree heating = 28 kWFree cooling = 63 kW

ENUS with cafeteria81 BHE á 85 mHeat Pump = 390 kWFree cooling = 300 kW



GZB – International Geothermal Centre, Bochum

GeoStar at the GZB:

Geothermal Heating(160 kW) 16 x 200 m BHEHeatpumpdirect Cooling(85 kW)



Dr. Claus HeskeDirector of the International Geothermal Office – IGO

Representative of the German Geothermal Association - BVGT: +49 234 32-10221 | E: [email protected] | www.geothermie.de

c/o GZB-International Geothermal Centre | Hochschule Bochum | Lennershofstraße 140 | Germany-44801 Bochum

Herzlichen Dank für die Förderung mit Mitteln des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen unter Einsatz von Mitteln aus demEuropäischen Fonds für Regionale Entwicklung (EFRE) 2014 – 2020 OP EFRE NRW „Investitionen in Wachstum und Beschäftigung“

Many thanks to the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) for fundingwithin the framework of the programme “European Fund for Regional Development (EFRE)”

Thank you foryour kind attention


www.renewables-made-in-germany.com

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Heating and Cooling of Industrial Buildings with Shallow ... · PDF fileIndustrial Buildings with Shallow Geothermal Energy. ... Types of Geothermal Energy Utilisation / Technologies