Sustainable Energy Efficient Development

The Triple Bottom Line

City Council

Two-tier authority

Population 125 000

5 000 Council homes

46 500 households

Homes in pipeline: 4517

Outstanding housing need in the city: 2 500 households registered on Devon Home Choice with medium or high housing need(Source: ECC: Housing Strategy 2016-2020)

Architects

Mechanical Engineers

Landscape Architects

Passivhaus Designer

Building Biologists

Multidisciplinary

Integrated

Design lead team

Since 2008 we have been involved with Passivhaus

2010 completed the first multiresidentialPassivhaus in the UK

In 2014 became the first UK Building Biology consultancy accredited with IBN

Current Passivhauswork inlcudesresidential, commercial, education and leisure projects

The Triple Bottom Line

Profit People

PlanetEnvironmental responsibilities

Financial Responsibilities

Social Responsibilities

What makes a healthy building?

Daylight ? BREEAM uses daylight factor calculations

to assess health benefits

Low VOC ? BREEAM <300 μg /m3 Well Building <500 μg /m3

Germany (EA) 200-300 μg /m3 ‘normal’

SBM 2015 <100 μg /m3

“air with no known contaminants at harmful concentrations” (CIBSE)

What is a non-harmful concentration for a carcinogenic, mutagenic or

reprotoxic agent?

The difference:

You have a choice

Healthy Design –Why bother?

Our living environment is defined by the spaces and

buildings we have created for ourselves

‘Safety First!’

We take great care when it comes to

… what we eat …

… where our food comes from …

… what we give to our children …

… how we keep fit etc…

But … when it comes to construction ?

The focus is only very rarely on the human being, their

health or well-being but often purely cost driven:

- economic viability

- low maintenance costs

- short payback times

Healthy Design –Why bother?

Healthy Design –Why bother?

Healthy Design Does it matter?

Asthma – UK trends

The UK has the highest prevalence rates of asthma symptoms among children worldwide.

On average there are three children with asthma in every classroom in the UK.

Asthma attacks hospitalise someone every 8 minutes 50 years of asthma: UK trends from 1955 to 2004

(R.Anderson, 2006)

On average we spend about 90% of our time indoors and 30% of our time in bedrooms

More vulnerable inhabitants like children and elderly persons are particularly exposed to this risk

Energy /

ResourceEfficiency

Healthy Building

Design

‘Looking at the

interrelationships

between humans and

their build environment’

Impact on the Environment

Impact on us

Often disconnected

and looked at in

isolation

Materials

Holistic Approach?

Healthy Building

Energy / ResourceEfficiency

Low Carbon

H&S

Design

Tunnel vision

creates imbalance

‘Looking at the

interrelationships

between humans and

their build environment’

Holistic Approach?

Healthy Building

Energy /

ResourceEfficiency

Impact on Environment

DesignImpact on us

Health Lead

‘Looking at the

interrelationships

between humans and

their build environment’

Holistic Approach?

The Passivhaus Institute defined three sets of criteria that a building has to comply with to meet Passivhaus standard:

• Energy Criteria

• Comfort Criteria

• Hygiene Criteria

Passivhaus- What is it?

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UK Average Knights PlaceTER

(based on TFA)

PassivhausStandard

Knights Place(PHPP)

Rowan HouseActual

Consumption2011

kWh

/ m

² /

year

Annual Space Heating Demand

• UK’s first multi-residential

• 20% cost premium• TSB/Innovate UK

study

1st Generation

Graph shows internal

temperature for a top

floor, south west

facing flat during the

hottest week in 2012

(ie typical DSY)

Tenants successfully

manage internal

temperatures by

opening windows

CO2 levels all year

round remain within an

optimum range of

<800 ppm

Performance MonitoringComfort and Air Quality

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Tem

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Temperatures During Hot Week Scenariobedroomtemp

kitchentemp

loungetemp

Externaltemp

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CO

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(p

pm

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Time hh:mm (23/07/2012 - 29/07/2012)

CO2 levels for an average week

CO2bedroom

CO2Lounge

2nd Generation

• Council funded• Cost parity with

conventional build• House prototype

2nd Generation

• On site• New form of

construction

Continued

3rd Generation

• UK’s 1st passivhausExtra Care

• No capital premium

• £75k/annum energy saving

• TSB/Innovate UK study

• Since 1960’s the average temperature in UK has risen

• Average summer temperature increase of 4-6 degree by 2100

• Increase in UV radiation

• Events of extreme rainfall and flooding have become more frequent and this trend is predicted to increase

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Tem

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Change in Average Temperature Since 1850

Climate Change?What is predicted for the UK?

Good news: ‘Energy used for heating buildings will fall by 30% over the next 15 years.’ (EU)

If it gets hot? –

Today air conditioning and refrigeration account for almost 20% of total electricity use in the UK

Over the next 15 years the energy used to cool buildings is likely to increase by 72% (in the EU)

CO2emissions

Warmingclimate

IncreaseCoolingdemand

IncreaseEnergyuse

‘Put in a bigger chiller’

Climate Change?What is the impact?

The building is then

designed to maintain

optimum comfort and

(ideally) to use minimal

energy over the lifetime of

the building.

Ignoring the evidence that

the climate is changing.

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pera

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Typical Design Temperature Range

Climate Change?So What?

Building designers typically use weather data that is based on

past experience to predict the future performance of a building.

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Building designers typically use weather data that is based on

past experience to predict the future performance of a building.G&S uses probabilistic

future weather data from

Exeter University’s

Prometheus Project which

were derived from the

latest climate projections

for the UK (UKCP09).

The projections are

probabilistic in nature

instead of deterministic so

as to allow users to

assess the level of risk.

We a

re h

ere

.

Typical Design Temperature Range

Predicted Change

in Average Temperature

Climate Change?So What?

4th Generation

• UK’s 1st PassivhausLeisure Centre

• UK’s 1st PassivhausBus Station

• 10% cost premium• £200k/annum

energy savings

Understanding Value

Design

Construction

Operation &maintenance

Business costs

Outcomes

Process Push

User Pull

Windows20%

Air tightness15%

Fabric32%

MVHR33%

2010/2011 2012/2013 2014/2015 2016

Cost Effective Construction

Windows8%

Air tightness

41%Fabric26%

MVHR25%

-50%

Windows

12%Air

tightness34%

Fabric9%

MVHR45%

-30%

OutcomesThe Triple

Bottom Line

Personal & wider

economic benefits

Reduced operational

costs – better value for money

Improved Health and Wellbeing

Climate Resilience

Reduced carbon footprint &

improved material choices – helping

the planet

What next?

Development Company

Emma Osmundsen Shadow Director (Development) &

Client Lead (Build)Emma.Osmundsen@exeter.gov.uk

01392 265869@EmmaOsmun

Tomas Gartner

Director Architect

Tomas.Gartner@ecodesign.co.uk

01392 409580@galeandsnowden