Survey Operations – Pipeline Survey Operations – Pipeline Inspection

H d F t 13th A il 2011HydroFest 13th April 2011

Lee Blinco

Why Inspect?

AgendaDefinition of a Pipeline Types of SurveyP i i iPositioningData ProcessingTh F tThe FutureConclusions

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Legislation – Statutory

Why Inspect?InstrumentsCost of Failure

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h ?Why Inspect?

• Pipelines Safety Regulations 19961996

– To apply a common approach to the control of risks from pipelines, both on and offshore

– To replace existing pipeline safety regimes with a single goal-setting group of goal setting group of regulations reflecting the general policy of the HASAWA 1974

‘‘The operator shall insure that a pipeline is maintained in an p pefficient state, in efficient working order and in good repair.”

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h ?Why Inspect?

• Cost of Failure

– Environmental

– Loss of Production

R i / R l t t– Repair / Replacement cost

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Riser / Spoolpiece

Pipeline DefinitionRiser / SpoolpieceSealineLandfallLandfall

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l fPipeline Definition

• The Riser • The Riser

• The Spoolpiece

• The SealineThe Sealine

• The Landfall

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l f /S lPipeline Definition - Riser/Spoolpiece

• Can degrade rapidly due to

– Instability– Current– Wave ActionWave Action– Corrosion - electrical & chemical– Movement – Impact - Collision

• Inspection options

– Above sea level - RATS– Splash Zone - RATS / divers– Subsea - DP Vessel & ROVs– Subsea - Platform based ROVs

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l f S lPipeline Definition - Sealine

North Sea• 20,000+km “pipeline”• Pipelines: gas & oil & water• Umbilicals - electric, hydraulic, chemical

elementselements.• Cables - electrical & fibre optic• Multifunction pipeline bundles

At risk from• Anchors & Trawl gear• Instability• Instability• Current & Wave Action• Corrosion - electrical & chemical• Buckling (upheaval & lateral)

Main Types of Inspection• Buckling (upheaval & lateral)• Munitions• GI = Acoustic sensors

• GVI = Visual sensors

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l f df llPipeline Definition - LandfallThe part of the export pipeline in the inshore zone•TOB to @ 3km offshore•TOB to @ 3km offshore.•Through the inter-tidal zone.•Buried, rock-dumped or in conduit.•Protected•Protected

At Risk From:•Anchors & Trawl gear•Anchors & Trawl gear•Munitions•Very Strong Currents•Wave Action - to seabed•Wave Action - to seabed•Erosion / Deposition•Beach activities•Corrosion - chemical & electrical•Corrosion - chemical & electrical

Main types of InspectionConventional Inshore and Land Survey Methods

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Conventional Inshore and Land Survey Methods

l f df ll CPipeline Definition - Landfall Area Currents

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General Imaging (Acoustic)

Types of SurveyGeneral Visual InspectionLandfallRATSDiver

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f STypes of Survey

Inspection Survey Platform Type / Method Component Notes / Restrictions

Vi l Down to splash zoneRATS Platform based Visual - cameras

NDT techniques RiserDown to splash zoneWeather

DiverPlatform orDP l b d

Visual - camerasNDT techniques

RiserPipelineP i t t t

Depth, CurrentWeather, Sea state

DP vessel based NDT techniques Point structuresLandfalls

,HSE

Landfall GI Inshore survey vesselHull mountedAcoustic Pipelines

Inshore onlyWeather, tides

Landfall GI Inshore survey vessel AcousticCP snake

PipelinesSeastate @ 1mFishing gear

Structural GVIOil platform orDP survey vessel3 X E b ll ROV’

Visual – camerasNDT techniquesFMD

LegsStructural members

WeatherSea state @ 2m

3 X Eyeball ROV’s FMD Risers Current, Visibility

Pipeline GI Survey vesselROTV

Towed SSSAcoustic

PipelinesStructures

Seafloor structures onlyCannot stopCurrent restrictionsSeastate @ 2m

Pipeline GVIDP survey vesselWROV

DP follow subVisual – camerasCP

RiserPipelineStructures

Current restrictionsVisibilitySeastate @ 4.5 – 5 m

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f S GTypes of Survey – GI

Sensors

• Sidescan Sonar

Multibeam Echosounder• Multibeam Echosounder

• Single Beam Echosounder

• Sub-Bottom ProfilerSub Bottom Profiler

• Magnetometer

Sensor Platforms• Vessel

• Towfish

• ROTV

• AUV

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• AUV

f S GTypes of Survey – GI

Side Scan Sonar - Interpretation

Mar

k

elin

e

bed

TX

M

Pip

e

Sca

r

66.7ms53.3ms40ms26.7ms13.3ms0ms

Sea

b

0m 50m40m30m20m10mTow Fish

0m 50m40m30m20m10mSeabed

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0m 50m40m30m20m10m

f S GTypes of Survey – GI

ve

le

ctio

n O

f T

rav

Dire

T1

T2

Surface

Sidescan

Side Scan SonarRs

Ls

Hf

HtSeabed

Side Scan SonarMeasurement

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Seabed

f S GTypes of Survey – GI

ASide Scan SonarPipe in contact with the seabed

B

ATypical Pipeline Fingerprints

Pipe in area of shallow scour

Pipe clearly spanning

C

B

Pipe in area of shallow scour

Pipe in suspension in scour trenchD

Pipe with seabed buildup away from sonarE

Pipe with seabed buildup towards sonar

F

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f S GTypes of Survey – GI

Multibeam Bathymetry

Point soundings used to create DTM

Shaded Relief and or Contours created from DTM

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f S GTypes of Survey – GI

Multibeam BathymetryMultibeam system suitability depends on footprint size- system specification and depth below the transducer array

0.5m Footprint0.5m Footprint

1.5m Footprint

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f S GTypes of Survey – GVI

Typical Focus Areas

• Lay comfort

• Freespans

• Pipeline damage

• Debris

• Anodes and cathodic protection

• Seabed features and targets• Seabed features and targets

• Pipeline and cable crossings

• Lateral movement• Lateral movement

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f S GTypes of Survey – GVI

Sensors

•Cameras

•Depth

•Altitude

•Cross Profilers

•Pipetrackers

MBE Bathymetry•MBE Bathymetry

•SSS

•Cathodic Protection•Cathodic Protection

•Temperature

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f S df llTypes of Survey – LandfallSensors and Methods

S th•Swathe

•Sidescan

•Sub bottom profiler•Sub bottom profiler

•Trailing Wire CP

•RTK GPS

•Small ROV

•Divers

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f S d lTypes of Survey – Risers and spoolsSensors and Methods

R A T b • Rope Access Teams above splashzone

• Cameras on poles / divers in splash zone

• Eyeball ROV to the seabed -Vessel or platform deployedVessel or platform deployed

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Surface

PositioningSurfaceSub SurfaceTimingTiming

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PositioningSurface

GNSS RTCM PPP• GNSS – RTCM, PPP

• RTK

• INS – IMU/Heading• INS – IMU/Heading

• Range bearing systems

Sub Surface• USBL

• INS

• IMU

• Doppler Log

• Pressure Sensor

CTD/SVP

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• CTD/SVP

Navigation Sensor Data

Data Processing Pipeline EventsData Formatting/DeliverablesQCData Storage

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Data Processing

P N i ti • Process Navigation – remove outliers, run filter

• Process Depth/Pipetracker –apply tidal correction

• Clean Cross Profiler/MBE data

C t 5 i t fil• Create 5 point files

• Review and Event Video

• SSS Target Interpretation• SSS Target Interpretation

• Create Charts/Report

• Format data for client specified pdeliverable

• Data management

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Data Processing

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Data ProcessingWhat the client wants

• Significant features - 24hrs

• All observable anomalies 7 • All observable anomalies - 7 days

• Survey report and all events -4 weeks

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Data ProcessingAnomalies

Identify Pipeline features that:

•Fall outside given criteria•Fall outside given criteria

•Cause concern for the integrity of the pipe

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Data Processing

Integrity Management

• Historical data allows trend analysistrend analysis

• Drill down to detail

• Plan future InspectionsPlan future Inspections

• Plan remedial works

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Video

The FutureVideoAIVGISGIS

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hThe Future

VideoVideo

•HDHD

•3D

•LED Lighting

Challenge

•Huge bandwidth and data volumevolume

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hThe Future - AIV

• Provides a cost-effective, low-risk inspection system to aid field inspection system to aid field survey and integrity management and intervention activities

• Operates directly from a host facility e.g. FPSO, platform or infield support vessels infield support vessels

• The AIV has no tether which enhances vehicle manoeuvrability and the capability to access confined spaces

• The AIV carries an array of • The AIV carries an array of navigation tools and sensors that are powered by its own onboard battery power source

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battery power source.

hThe Future

GISGIS

• Slow adoption in the Oil Industry

• Can be delivered across the internet

• Repository for all pipeline data Repository for all pipeline data with a spatial component

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Pipeline inspection is a mature business

Methodologies for the use of the currenttools are well established

New technology continues to deliver cost

SummaryNew technology continues to deliver costand efficiency benefits along withimplementation challenges

The client in the office is getting closerThe client in the office is getting closerand closer to the data

Control of multiple surveys through onecontractor produces consistent resultscontractor produces consistent results

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seabed-to-surfaceb 7

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