SURFACE WATER SUPPLY of the UNITED STATES - USGSUNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR RAY LYMAN WILBUB, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director Water-Supply Paper

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR RAY LYMAN WILBUB, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director

Water-Supply Paper 625

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY of the UNITED STATES

1926

PART VHUDSON BAY AND

UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS

NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic EngineerW. A. LAMB, S. B. SOULE, J. B. SPIEGELH. E. GROSBACH, and H. C. BBGKMAN

District Engineers

Prepared in cooperation with the States of MINNESOTA, WISCONSIN, IOWA, ILLINOIS, and MISSOURI

UNITED STATES

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1930

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. - - - » - Price 20 cents

CONTENTS

Pac*Authorisation-and seope of work________..__._____._____________ 1Definition of terms..______ __________ ......_..._.___. _ 2Explanation of data..._______.____________..._._._ ..__ ... 3Accuracy of field data and computed results________._____._...._._.__ 4Publications__________________________________________ _ 5Cooperation___________ ________________________________ _ 10Division of work____________________________ _____________ _ 10Gaging-station records_____________________________________ ___ 11

Hudson Bay drainage basin___________________________________ 11St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta____ _______________ 11St. Mary Canal at intake near Babb, Mont. _______ ___ 13St. Mary Canal at St. Mary crossing, near Babb, Mont________ 15St. Mary Canal at Hudson Bay divide, near Browning, Mont___ 16Swiftcurrent Creek at Many Glacier, Mont___ ____ _ 17Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherburne, Mont____ __.__ ___ 19Canyon Creek near Many Glacier, Mont__ _______ _ 20Bois des Sioux River near Tenney, Minn_____________________ 22Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn___________ 23Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn._______________________ .24Roseau River at Caribou, Minn___________ _____________ 26Kawishiwi River near Winton, Minn___________________ -_ 27

Upper Mississippi River Basin_______________________________ 29Mississippi River above Sandy River, near Libby, Minn__ 29Mississippi River near Royalton, Minn ______ ______ ___ 30Mississippi River at Elk River, Minn__________-___._.- ._ 32Mississippi-River-at^St. Paul, Mtan_________________-_-__-_- 33Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn.__ _______ __ 35Minnesota River at Mankato, Minn_______ _________ ___ 36St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis________________ 38St. Croix River near Grantsburg, Wis__.___ __ ________ 39St. Croix River near Rush City, Minn_________________ 41St. Croix River near St. Croix Falls, Wis_____________ ___ 42Namakagon River at Trego, Wis________________________--_- 44Apple River near Somerset, Wis______________-_______ 45Chippewa River at Bishops Bridge, near Winter, Wis__ ____ 47Chippewa River near Bruce, Wis___________________ _____ 48Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis.._ _ _________ 50Flambeau River near Butternut, Wis___ __________________ 52Flambeau River near Ladysmith, Wis______ ____ _________ 54Jump River at Sheldon, Wis__.___________ ____ _______ 55Eau Claire River near Augusta, Wis_______________________ 57Red Cedar River near Colfax, Wis____ _ _ 58Red Cedar River at Menomonie, Wis-.________-_ _ --- 60Black River at Neillsville, Wis________ _____ __ 62La Crosse River near West Salem, Wis____ _________ 63Upper Iowa River near Decorah, Iowa_____________ ______ 65

m

IV CONTENTS

Gaging-station records Continued.Upper Mississippi River Basin Continued. Page

Wisconsin River at Whirlpool Rapids, near Rhinelander, Wis___ 67 Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis___.._.__________________ 68Wisconsin River at Knowlton, Wis__________________._______ 70Wisconsin River near Nekoosa, Wis._-______.____-__-_____-_ 72Wisconsin River at Muscoda, Wis_._-_-_______-_____-_____-_ 73Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis_____________________ 75Prairie River near Merrill, Wis_________________________ 77Rib River at Rib Falls, Wis_ _____________________ 78 Eau Claire River at Kelly, Wis___________________ 80Kickapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis___________________ 82Turkey River at Garber, Iowa________ _______________ 84Rock River at Afton, Wis________________________ 85Rock River at Lyndon, Ill_____________________________ 87White water Creek near Whitewater, Wis___________________ 89Whitewater Creek at Whitewater, Wis_______________ 90 Pecatonica River at Freeport, 111__________________________ 91Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis_________________ _ _ 93South Branch of Kishwaukee River at De Kalb, 111_________ 94Iowa River at Marshalltown, Iowa______________________ 96Iowa River at Iowa City, Iowa____________________ ____Iowa River at WapeJJo, Iowa_____________-___-___--________Cedar River at Janesvflle, Iowa___________________________Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa. ________________________Shellrock River near Clarksvflle, Iowa_._____________________Skunk River near Ames, Iowa____________________-_-__-__-_Skunk River at Coppock, Iowa. ____________________________Skunk River at Augusta, Iowa____________________________Squaw Creek at Ames, Iowa______________________________Des Moines River at Kalo, Iowa____-__-_--_-________-_-_--_Des Moines River near Boone, Iowa________________________Des Moines River at Des Moines, Iowa __________________Des Moines River near Tracy, Iowa_________________________Des Moines River at Ottumwa, Iowa.____--_____________---_Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa____--_____-___-_-__-_Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa_________________________Sugar Creek near Keokuk, Iowa____--_-----_______--------_Fox River near Wayland, Mo_____ ____________________Wyaconda River near Canton, Mo_______________ _________North Fabius River at AfQnticeHo, Mo______________________Salt River near New London, Mo_----_------____--__-------Cuivre River near Troy, Mo___-_-----__---_____-_---------_Des Plaines River at Lemont, 111__________________________Des Plaines River at Joliet, IIL_________--_______________--_Illinois River at Morris, Itt_______-----_----____-_-_--------Illinois River at Peoria, Dl_-____-_____--___-_-__----------_Illinois River at Havana, IH______--------..-_---------------Illinois River at Beardstown, Ill_-_._____ .___ ___________Spring Creek at Joliet, IH________________-________--_____-_West Branch of DuPage River at Winfield, IH________________Kankakee River at Momence, IlI____________-_---___------_Kankakee River at Cuister Park, Ill___ ___________________Iroqoiois River near Chebanse, 111-_______-______--_--------_

CONTENTS V

Gaging-station records Continued.Upper Mississippi River Basin Continued. Page

Fox River at Algonquin, Ill____--_--_---_-_ ___________ 148Fox River at Dayton, 111____....__________ _ _ 149Vermilion River near Streator, Hl___-__---__-_ _________ 151Mackinaw River riear Green Valley, Ill_________ _______ t52Spoon River at Seville, 111_____________________ _____ 163Sangamon River at Monticello, Ill_--_-_-_-__ ____________ 155Sangamon River at Riverton, 111___________________________ 156South Fork of Sangamon River at power plant near Taylorville,

IU.____-___-____....-__-__ ___-_ 158Crooked Creek at Ripley, Hl_______________________ 159Macoupin Creek near Kane, 111.___________-___--_-_-__ 161Kaskaskia River at Vandalia, Hl__________________-_-____-_- 163Big Muddy River at Plumfield, Ill_--_______ _________ 164Big Muddy River at Murphysboro, 111_____________________ 165

Miscellaneous discharge measurements.._________________________ 167Index_________________________________________ 169

ILLUSTRATION

Page FIGURE 1. Typical gaging station._____________________________ 3

SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY OF HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS, 1926

AUTHORIZATION AND SCOPE OF WORK

This volume is one of a series of 14 reports presenting records of measurements of flow made on streams in the United States during the year ending September 30, 1926.

The data presented in these reports were collected by the United States Geological Survey under the following authority contained in the organic law (20 Stat. L., p. 394):

Provided, That this officer [the Director] shall have the direction of the Geo- logical Survey and the classification of public lands and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain.

The work was begun in 1888 in connection with special studies relating to irrigation. Since the fiscal year ending June 30, 1895, successive appropriation bills passed by Congress have carried the following items:

For gaging the streams and determining the water supply of the United States, and for the investigation of underground currents and artesian wells, and for the preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources.

Annual appropriations for the fiscal years ending June SO, 1895 1927

1895..__-_.________ $12, 500. 001896__._._._______ 24, 500. 001897-1899____.__.__ 50, 000. 001900_______ .'......... 70, 000. 001901-2..____________ 100,000.001903-1906.._____.___ 200, 000. 001907_____________ 150, 000. 001908-1910__________ 100, 000. 00

1911-1917________ $150, 000. 001918____....______ 175, 000. 001919..____._.___.__ 148,244.101920_______-.___.-. 175, 000. 001921-1923 __ . _____ 180, 000. 001924-25__...._____ 170,000.001926____.__-.___ 165, 000. 001927__________.._ 151, 000. 00

In the execution of the work many private and State organizations have cooperated, either by furnishing data or by assisting in collect- ing data. Acknowledgments for cooperation of the first kind are made in connection with the description of each station affected; cooperation of the second kind is acknowledged on page 10.

Measurements of stream flow have been made at about 5,250 points in the United States and also at many points in Alaska and the Hawaiian Islands. In July, 1926,1,730 gaging stations were being maintained by the Geological Survey and the cooperating organiza-

2, SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1926, PART V

tions. Many miscellaneous discharge measurements were made at other points. In connection with this work data were also collected in regard to precipitation, evaporation, storage reservoirs, river pro- files, and water power in many sections of the country and will be made available in water-supply papers from time to time.

The volume of water flowing in a stream the "run-off" or "discharge" is expressed in various terms, each of which has become associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided into two groups (1) those that represent a rate of flow, as second- feet, gallons per minute, miner's inches, and discharge in second- feet per square mile, and (2) those that represent the actual quantity of water, as run-off in inches, acre-feet, and millions of cubic feet. The principal terms used in this series of reports are second-feet, second-feet per square mile, run-off in inches, acre-feet, and millions of cubic feet. They may be defined as follows:

"Second-feet" is an abbreviation for "cubic feet per second." A second-foot is the rate of discharge of water flowing in a channel of rectangular cross section 1 foot wide and 1 foot deep at an average velocity of 1 foot per second. It is generally used as a fundamental unit from which others are computed.

"Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, on the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as regards time and area.

"Run-off in inches" is the depth to which an area would be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period were uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used for comparing run-off with rainfall, which is usually expressed in depth in inches.

An "acre-foot," equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet, is the quantity required to cover an acre to the depth of 1 foot. The term is com- monly used in connection with storage for irrigation.

The following terms not in common use are here defined:"Stage-discharge relation," an abbreviation for the term "relation

of gage height to discharge.""Control," a term used to designate the natural section or sections

of the stream channel below the gage which determines the stage- discharge relation at the gage. It should be noted that the control may not be the same section or sections at all stages.

The "point of zero flow" for a gaging station is that point on the gage the gage height at which water ceases to flow over the control.

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1926, PART V 3

EXPLANATION OF DATA

The data presented in this report cover the year beginning October 1,1925, and ending September 30,1926. At the beginning of January in most parts of the United States much of the precipitation in the preceding three months is stored hi the form of snow or ice, or in ponds, lakes, and swamps, or as ground water, and this stored water passes off in the streams during the spring break-up. At the end of September, on the other hand, the only stored water available for run-off is possibly a small quantity hi the ground; therefore the run- off for the year beginning October 1 is practically all derived from precipitation within that year.

The base data collected at gaging stations consists of records of stage, measurements of discharge, and general information used to

FIGTJKE 1. Typical gaging station

supplement the gage heights and discharge measurements in determining the daily flow. The records of stage are obtained either from direct readings on a staff or chain gage or from a water-stage recorder that gives a continuous record of the fluctuations. Measurements of discharge are made with a current meter by the general methods outlined in standard textbooks on the measurement of river discharge. A typical gaging station, equipped with water-stage recorder and measuring cable and car, is shown in Figure 1.

From the discharge measurements rating tables are prepared that give the discharge for any stage. The application of the daily gage height to these rating tables gives the daily discharge from which the monthly and yearly mean discharge is computed.

The data presented for each gaging station in the area covered by this report comprise a description of the station, a table giving records

4 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1926, PART V

of discharge measurements, a table showing the daily discharge of the stream, and a table of monthly and yearly discharge and run-off.

If the base data are insufficient to determine the daily discharge tables giving daily gage height and records of discharge measurements are published.

The description of the station gives, in addition to statements regarding location and equipment, information in regard to any con- dition that may affect the permanence of the stage-discharge relation, covering such subjects as the occurrence of ice, the use of the stream for log driving, shifting of control, and the cause and effect of backwater; it gives also information as to diversions that decrease the flow at the gage, artificial regulation, maximum and minimum recorded stages, and the accuracy of the records.

The table of daily discharge gives, in general, the discharge in second-feet corresponding to the mean of the gage heights read each day. At stations on streams subject to sudden or rapid diurnal fluctuation the discharge obtained from the rating table'and the mean daily gage height may not be the true mean discharge for the day. If such stations are equipped with water-stage recorders the mean daily discharge may be obtained by averaging discharge at regular intervals during the day or by using the discharge integrator, an instrument operating on the principle of the planimeter and containing as an essential element the rating curve of the station.

In the table of monthly discharge the column headed "Maximum" gives the mean flow for the day when the mean gage height was highest. As the gage height is the mean for the day it does not indi- cate correctly the stage when the water surface was at crest height and the corresponding discharge was consequently larger than given in the maximum column. Likewise, in the column headed "Mini- mum" the quantity given is the mean flow for the day when the mean gage height was lowest. The column headed "Mean" is the average flow in cubic feet per second during the month. On this average flow are based computations recorded in the remaining columns, which are defined on page 2.

ACCURACY OF FIELD DATA AND COMPUTED RESULTS

The accuracy of stream-flow data depends primarily (1) on the permanency of the stage-discharge relation, and (2) on the accuracy of observation of stage, measurements of flow, and interpretation of records.

A paragraph in the description of the station gives information regarding the (1) permanence of the stage-discharge relation, (2) precision with which the discharge rating curve is defined, (3) refine- ment of gage readings, (4) frequency of gage readings, and (5) methods of applying daily gage height to the rating table to obtain the daily discharge.

PUBLICATIONS 5

For the rating tables "well defined" indicates, in general, that the rating is probably accurate within 5 per cent; "fairly well defined," within 10 per cent; "poorly defined," within 15 to 25 per cent. These notes are very general and are based on the plotting of the individual measurements with reference to the mean rating curve.

The monthly means for any station may represent with high accuracy the qusfatity of water flowing past the gage, but the figures showing discharge per square mile and run-off in inches may be subject to gross errors caused by the inclusion of large noncontribut- ing districts in the measured drainage area, by lack of information concerning water diverted for irrigation or other use, or by inability to interpret the effect of artificial regulation of the flow of the river above the station. "Second-feet per square mile" and "run-off in inches" are therefore not computed if such errors appear probable. The computations are also omitted for stations on streams draining areas in which the annual rainfall is less than 20 inches. All figures representing "second-feet per square mile" and "run-off in inches" published in the earlier reports by the Geological Survey should be used with caution because of possible inherent but unknown sources of error.

Many gaging stations on streams in the irrigated areas of the United States are situated above most of the diversions from those streams, and the discharge recorded does not show the water supply available for further development, as prior appropriations below the stations must first be satisfied. To give an idea of the amount of prior appropriations, a paragraph on diversions is presented in each station description. The figures given can not be considered exact but represent the best information available.

The table of monthly discharge gives only a general idea of tfee flow at the station and should not be used for other than preliminary estimates; the tables of daily discharge allow more detailed studies of the variation in flow. It should be borne in mind, however, that the observations in each succeeding year may be expected to throw new light on data previously published.

PUBLICATIONS

Investigation of water resources by the United States Geological Survey has consisted in large part of measurements of the volume of flow of streams and studies of the conditions affecting that flow, but it has comprised also investigation of such closely allied subjects as irrigation, water storage, water powers, underground waters, and quality of waters. Most of the results of these investigations have been published in the series of water-supply papers, but some have appeared in the bulletins, professional papers, monographs, and annual reports.


The results of stream-flow measurements are now published an- nually in 12 parts, each part covering an area whose boundaries coincide with natural drainage features as indicated below:Part I. North Atlantic slope basins (St. John River to York River).

II. South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins.III. Ohio River Basin.IV. St. Lawrence River Basin.V. Upper Mississippi River and Hudson Bay Basins.

VI. Missouri River Basin.VII. Lower Mississippi River Basin.

VIII. Western Gulf of Mexico basins.I.. Colorado River Basin. X. Great Basin.

XI. Pacific slope basins in California.XII. North Pacific slope basins in three parts:

A, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River Basin.B, Snake River Basin.C, Pacific slope basins in Oregon and lower Columbia River Basin.

Water-supply papers and other publications of the United States Geological Survey containing data in regard to the water resources of the United States may be obtained or consulted as indicated below.

1. Copies may be purchased at nominal cost from the Superin- tendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., who will, on application, furnish lists giving prices.

2. Sets of the reports may be consulted in the libraries of the principal cities of the United States.

3. Sets are available for consultation in the local offices of the water-resources branch of the Geological Survey, as follows:

Augusta, Me., Statehouse.Boston, Mass., 2500 Customhouse.Albany, N. Y., 904 Home Savings Bank Building.Hartford, Conn., 64 State Capitol.Trenton, N. J., 423 Statehouse Annex.CharlottesviUe, Va., Brooks Museum, University of Virginia.AsheviUe, N. C.( 608 City Hall.Tuscaloosa, Ala., Post Office Building.Chattanooga, Tenn., 630 Power Building.South Charleston, W. Va., Naval Ordnance Plant.Columbus, Ohio, Engineering Experiment Station, Ohio State University.Chicago, 111., 1510 Consumers Building.Thief River Falls, Minn., 618 Knight Avenue, N.Madison, Wis., 337N State Capitol.Rolla, Mo., Rolla Building, School of Mines and Metallurgy.Fort Smith, Ark., Post Office Building.Topeka, Kans., 23 Federal Building.Helena, Mont., 45-46 Federal Building.Denver, Colo., 403 Post Office Building.Salt Lake City, Utah, 313 Federal Building.Idaho Falls, Idaho, 228 Federal Building.Boise, Idaho, Federal Building.Tacoma, Wash., 404 Federal Building.

PUBLICATIONS

Portland, Oreg., 606 Post Office Building.San Francisco, Calif., 303 Customhouse.Los Angeles, Calif., 600 Federal Building.Tucson, Ariz., 104 Agricultural Building, University of Arizona.Austin, Tex., State Capitol.Honolulu, Hawaii, Territorial Office Building.

A list of the Geological Survey's publications may 'be.,obtomad,by applying to the Director, United States Geological Survey, Wasfaamg- ton, D. C.

Stream-flow records have been obtained at about 5,250 points in the United States, and the data obtained have been published in the reports tabulated below.

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey

[A=Annual Report; B=Bulletin; W=Water-Supply Paper]

Report

10th A, pt. 2 _ .llth A, pt. 2... .

12th A, pt. 2-

13th A, pt. 3 _ ....

14th A, pt. 2. .

B131

B140-..

18th A, pt. 4 __ ....

W15.

W16- ... ....

19th A, pt. 4. .

W27

W28

20th A, pt. 4-- W 35 to 39.-.. _ ..21St A, pt. 4. W 47 to 52 __ ...22d A, pt. 4 __ .W65, 66-- ...W75 ... ...W 82 to 85 .... W 97 to 100. _ - W 124 to 135 _ ....W165tol78 . . W 201 to 214 .......W 241 to 252.- ..W 261 to 272.. .....W 281 to 292 __ ....W 301 to 312.- .....W 321 to 332 __W 351 to 362 __ ....W 381 to 394.- _ ..W 401 to 414 __ ....W 431 to 444 __ ....W 451 to 464 __ ....W471to484.- ..W 501 to 514 __ ....W 521 to 534..-. W 541 to 554 _ ....W 561 to 574 _ ....W 581 to 594 ____ .W 601 to 614 _ ....W 621 to 634. ......

Character of data

.....do .

discharge (also many data covering earlier years).

similar data for some earlier years).

States, eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River above junction with Kansas.

River below junction of Missouri and Platte, and western United States.

some 'long'time records).

eastern-Mississippi River, and Missouri River.

western United States.

__ do.. _ . ___________________ . . .......

.. do.. _ » ... -do. ........ do __ . .do.. ..... ..... do .do.. ... .... .... do- . ... do..... ... .. ... ..do . .do-. .. do.. . ... ...... . . ...... ..do.. . ........ do . . . . ...... do _ ..... do.. ............. ..........--.-do-- . . ................. ........do _ . do _ . do.- ... ....__ do ____ .. ......

Y«»r

1884toSepten>ber, 1890.

1884 to June 301891.

1884 to Dec. 31,.1892.

1888 to Dee. 31,.1893.

1893 and 1894',

1895.

1896.1895 and 1896.

1897.

1897.

1897,

1898,

1898.

1898.1899.1899.ionnloon1QA1

lorn1Qft9

1903. \Qf\A

IQftC

19061907 and 1908.1QAQ

1910.1Q111Q10

1Q13

1914.1915.1916.191719181919 and 1920.1Q911099IQOO

19241QOK

1926.

NOTE. No data regarding stream flow are given in the Fifteenth and Seventeenth Annual Reports.


The records at most of the stations discussed in these reports extend over a series of years, and miscellaneous measurements at many points other than regular gaging stations have been made each year. An index of the reports containing records obtained prior to 1904 has been published in Water-Supply Paper 119.

The following table gives, by years and drainage basins, the num- bers of the papers on surface-water supply published from 1899 to 1926. The data for any particular station will be found in the reports covering the years during which the station was maintained. For example, data for Machias River at Whitneyville, Maine, 1903 to 1921, are published in Water-Supply Papers 97, 124, 165, 201, 241, 261, 281, 301, 321, 351, 381, 401, 431, 451, 471, 501, and 521, which contain records for the New England streams from 1903 to 1921. Results of miscellaneous measurements are published by drainage, basins.

Num

bers

of

wat

er-s

uppl

y pa

pers

con

tain

ing

resu

lts o

f st

ream

mea

sure

men

ts,

1899

-192

6

[for

bas

ins

incl

uded

see

p. 6

]

Vo»r

1899«. ...

....

..1900" ..

.....

1901

__ ..

.....

1902

.. __ ..

..19

03- ___ . .

...

1904

...........

1905

---

1906.. ..

..

1907-8--

1909....

....

...

1910

.-...-.--..

1911...

1912

.... ..

.....

1913 --

1914

...........

1915-.-

1916.. ...

... ...

1917....

....

...

1918.. ....... ..

1919

-20. .......

1921...

1922 .

1923

-.-

1924..

1925-.- .

1926... . _ .

I

3547

, »48

65,75 82 97

"124, "1

25P126

« 16

5,

166

,M67

"201,

20

2*203

241

261

281

301

321

351

381

401

431

451

471

501

521

541

561

581

601

621

II " 35

, 36 48

65,7

5'82,83

'97,98

"126

,127

"167

,168

»203,204<M9

262

282

SIY)

322

352

382

402

vlQO

452

472

502

522

542

562

582

602

622

III

3648

'4

965

,75

QO 98 1Oft

169

205

243

263

283

sna

323

353

383

Ana

433

453

473

503

523

543

563

583

603

623

IV

36 4965,75

'82,

83 9719Q

170

206

244

264

284

304

324

354

384

404

434

454

474

504

W.A

544

564

584

604

624

V

36 49* 6

5, 66, 75

*83,85

*98,

99,-»100

A 1 o

a i Qn

171

207

245

265

285

305

QOK

355

385

405

435

455

475

505

525

545

565

585

605

625

VI

"36, 37

49, '5

066

,75 84 99

mal*

?1 172

208

246

266

286

306

326

356

386

406

436

456

476

506

526

fidfi

566

586

606

626

VII

37 50» 6

5, 66, 75

*83,84

*98,

99* 12

8, 131

* 169, 173

* 205, 209

247

267

287

307

327

357

387

407

437

457

477

507

527

547

567

587

607

627

VIII

37 5066

,75 84 99 132

174

210

248

268

288

308

328

358

388

408

438

458

478

508

528

548

568

588

608

628

IX

"37,38 50

66,7

5 85 100

133

175, -177

211

249

269

289

309

329

359

389

409

439

459

479

509

529

549

569

589

609

629

38, «39 51

66,7

5 85 100

1OO f lOjl

176,

' 17

7

O1 o r O1^

mr 9*

%127

0, '

271

290

91 n

330

360

390

410

440

AR(\

480

510

530

550

570

non

610

630

XI

38, /3

9 5166

,75 85 100

ill

177

*>1Q

251

271

291

311

331

361

391

411

441

4fil

481

511

531

551

571

591

611

631

A

38 5166

,75 85 100

135

178

214

252

272

292

312

332-A

362-

A392

412

442

462

482

512

532

552

572

592

612

632

xn B

38 5166,75 85 100

135

178

O1 A.

252

272

292

312

332-B

362-B

393

413

443

463

483

513

533

553

573

593

613

633

0

38 5166,75 85 100

135

< 177

, 17

8

214

252

272

292

312

332-C

362-C

394

i: 'R

41

4ft 44

4fe

464

484

514

534

554

574

594

614

634

« Rat

ing

tabl

es a

nd i

ndex

to W

ater

-Sup

ply

Pape

rs 3

5-39

con

tain

ed i

n W

ater

-Sup

ply

Pape

r 39.

Tab

les

of m

onth

ly d

isch

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10 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1926, PAET V

COOPERATION

In Montana the work was carried on in cooperation with the United States Bureau of Reclamation. All stations in Montana were maintained jointly with the Dominion Water Power and Reclamation Service, Department of the Interior, Canada.

In Minnesota the work in the Red River Basin, with the exception of the station on Kawishiwi River near Winton, was carried on in

, cooperation with the Minnesota State Drainage Commission, E. V. Willard, commissioner- The following organizations cooperated in maintaining certain stations: United States Engineer Corps (Missis- sippi River at Elk River and Minnesota River Near Montevideo), Ford Motor Co. (Mississippi River at St. Paul and Minnesota River at Mankato), and Prairie River Power Go. (Mississippi River above Sandy River, near Libby).

The work in Wisconsin was done in cooperation with the Railroad Commission of Wisconsin, C. M. Larson, chief engineer, and with Northern States Power Co. (St. Croix River near Grantsburg, St. Croix River near Rush City, Red Cedar River near Colfax, and Red Cedar River at Menomonie).

In Iowa the work was carried on in cooperation with the Iowa Geological Survey, George F. Kay, director; Iowa Highway Commis- sion, F. R. White, chief engineer; and with the Engineering Experi- ment Station of Iowa State College, Anson Marston, director.

The United States Weather Bureau paid the salary of gage observer for station on Cedar River at Cedar Rapids and part of salaries of observers for stations on Des Moines River near Boone and Tracy and on Raccoon River at Van Meter. The Mississippi River Power Co., of Keokuk, Iowa, cooperated in the maintenance of stations on Iowa River at Wapello, Skunk River near Coppock and Augusta, Des Moines River at Keosauqua, and Sugar Creek near Keokuk. Interstate Power Co., of Chicago, paid the salary of the observer for station on Upper Iowa River near Decorah.

In Illinois the work was carried on in cooperation with the Illinois Department of Purchases and Construction, division of waterways, Wm. F. Mulvihill, superintendent. The Central Illinois Public Service Co. paid the salary of the observer on South Fork of Sangamon River at power plant, near Taylorville.

In Missouri the work was done in cooperation with the Missouri Bureau of Geology and Mines, through H. A. Buehler, State geologist*

DIVISION OF WORK

Tfee data for stations in the Hudson Bay Basin in Montana were collected and prepared-for publication under the direction of W. A.

. Lamb, district engineer, assisted by A. H. Tuttle.

HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN 11

The data for stations in the Hudson Bay Basin in Minnesota were collected and prepared for publication under the direction of S. B. Soul6, district engineer, and by E. F. Chandler, assisted by A. K. Gray.

The data for stations in the Mississippi River Basin in Wisconsin and Minnesota were collected and prepared for publication under the direction of S. B. Soule", district engineer, assisted by F. C. Christo- pherson, W. J. Parson, jr., and G. W. Martin.

The data for stations in the upper Mississippi River Basin in Iowa were collected under the direction of J. B. Spiegel, district engineer; after February 1, 1926, the work was done by Karl Jetter, engineer in charge, who also prepared the records for publication.

The c^ata for stations in the upper Mississippi River Basin in Illinois were collected and prepared for publication under the direction of H. E. Grosbach, district engineer, assisted by A. M. Wahl.

The data for stations in the upper Mississippi River Basin in Mis- souri" Were: collected and prepared for publication under the direction of H. C. Beckman, district engineer, assisted by V. L. Austin and W. A. Wemer.

The r^icords were reviewed and manuscript assembled by F. C. Christop Person.

GAGING-STATION BECOBDS

HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN

ST. MART RIVER NEAR KIMBALL, ALBERTA

LOCATION. In SW. }£ sec. 25, T. 1 N., R. 25 W. fourth meridian, 1 mile south and '.[ mile west of Kimball, Alberta, and 5 miles north of international bouMiairy.

DRAIN AGII AREA. 497 square miles (revised; measured on topographic map).RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1913, to September 30, 1926. September 1,

1902, to December 31, 1912, records were obtained at point half a mile north of international boundary. Records were also obtained by the Irri- gation Branch, Department of the Interior, Canada, at a point half a milebelow present station, from 1905 to 1912. is practically the same.

The discharge at the three points

GAGE. Stevens continuous water-stage recorder on right bank used during open- water^ sjeason. During wmter a chain gage on highway bridge 3 miles below station is used. Read tJy W. Nicolls.

DISCHARC E MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 1,200 feet above gage or by wading.CHANNEL A!ND CONTROL. Red of stream at gage and at control composed of

boulc.ejrs and sandstone ledges. Control formed by an outcropping ledge of sandstone covered with boulders near left bank; subject to occasional shifts.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.04 feet at 11 p. m. October 12 (discharge, 1,300 seeond-feet); minimum discharge, 48 seeoEd4feet, January 31 (stage-discharge relation affected by ice).

* 1902^1926: Maximum discharge recorded, 18,000 second-feet June 5, 1908 (estimated by comparison with record for station near Babb); minimum discharge, 46 second-feet December 1, 1919 (stage-discharge relation affected by ice),

631)19 30 2


ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.DIVERSIONS. St. Mary Canal diverts water from St. Mary River near Babb,

Mont., to the North Fork of Milk River. Alberta Railway & Irrigation Co.'s canal diverts from St. Mary River 2 miles below station.

REGULATION. Flow of Swiftcurrent Creek regulated by gate operations at Sherburne Lake Reservoir.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; affected by ice and by a shift in control during the ice period. Rating curves used during the open- water periods are well defined. Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory October 1 to November 13 and April 13 to September 30. Chain gage read to hundredths once daily December 1 to April 9. Daily discharge for periods wher water-stage recorder was in operation ascertained by applying to rating tables mean daily gage height obtained by inspection of recorder graph. Open-water records good; winter records fair.

COOPERATION. Maintained in cooperation with the Department of the Interior, Canada.

Discharge measurements of St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta, during the year ending September SO, 1926

Date

Oct. 5._._-Oct. 12 _ ..Oct. 13.____Nov. 12.....

Do.....Nov. 30..... Dee. 4-. Dec. 29. _ . Jan. 4 __ .Feb. I...... Feb. 5

Qage height

Feet 2.763 Q9

4.02'2.45 "3.92'3.64 »3.57 '4.29 '4.37

« '4.80 « '5.20

Dis- charge

See.-ft. 335

1,0701,210

263 262155 156 206 66 46.5 84

Date

Mar. 12.....

Apr. 28

May 30 June 17 .....

Do June 23 ..... July 7 ... July 16

Gage height

Feet «' 3. 72« ' 3. 48« '3.64

3.423.77

'2.84 63.07

3.19 3.59 3.27 3.14

Dis- charge

Sec.-ft. 109

161734 96733.6 36.6

609 842 632 555

Date

July 16

Do .Aug. 14

Do Aug. 20 Aug. 28

Do.. Sept. 9. ..

Qage height

Feel '3.06

2.72'3.00

2.54 2.542.24 2.54

62.97 ' 4. 16

Dis- charge

Sec.-ft. 29.0

34522.7

282287195 272 20.4

336

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. Made at winter gage.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta, for the year ending September 30, 1926

Day

1 ... .... .....2... .........3 .... ......4...............5. ...........

6 __ ...........7..... __ ......8... .........9... .. .......10 ... .......

11... __ ........12 .........13 ....14 ...........IS........ .......

16-. .........17...... .........18....... ........19 ..........20.. _.., _

Oct.

432410405380348

334330444782989

1,2001,2001,2801,1901,060

926768656558486

Nov.

3073019OQ28890*?

284277977270267

2679fi4258

249

94Q25094Q248246

Dec.

146146159148148

156223206173176

1761701621 C*>

162

151151143

Jan.

105on756565

6363616161

6060605757

555553eq

51

Feb.

5055is73OK

9094Qfi101105

9496GO

101101

103105108110112

Mar.

148151130118105

105

108

118

122125156184

10A

122ion

130

Apr.

156156143130

143

143156156160

170180

1GQ

99fi

286367418413678

May

9341,0601,0901,0601,050

1,020981on811729

697658658flOO

628

640665658678710

June

585585

585591

615658703723729

697646615640665

CQ7

579597710832

July

750770743716710

650634658671646

628603585574579

556556533w>500

Aug.

376394385367346

333318326333322

303OQC

286970279

O7fi286OftO

O7C

228

Sept.

363380506516562

640646684690646

646723671fi^U

609

628690fi

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta, for the year ending September SO, 1926 Continued

Day

.21

23 24 25.... .........

26 ^728 29 ..30 .31

Oct.

450426405390380

361338325330338325

Nf»v.

245220200200190

ISO170170160160

Dec.

138138135133130

130148194206210156

Jan.

5155565860

626461575148

Feb.

115118120122128

133138143

Mar.

135130135130130

138143143146156156

Apr.

8681,0001,010911853

790736736770875

May

763797797790770

804710652622609597

Juae

811804839839832

811783763743743

July

562516473447422

399358363447399413

Aug.

307266269266260

266289279279303341

Sept.

562556550533516

500500489473452


NOTE. Stag j-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 13 to Dec. 4, Dec.-17 to Mar. 12, and Mar. 31 to Apr. 10; daily discharge obtained by a study of discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Discharge estimated Apr. 10-12 and July 5 and 6 because of missing gage heights.

Monthly discharge of St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta, for the year endingSeptember SO, 1926

[Drainage area, 497 square miles]

October ___ .November. . . .

March ___ .April.. ..May ____ .June ... _ .July... .... .

September. .

The yeai

MonthDischarge in second-feet

Maximum

1,280 307 223 105 143 184

1,010 1,090

839 770 394 723

1,280

Minimum

325 160 130 48 50

105 130 597 579 358 228 363

48

Mean

589 243 161 61.1

102 134 438 780 687 560 304 574

388

Run-ofl in acre-feet

36,200 14,500 9,900 3,760 5,660 8,240

26,100 48,000 41,500 34,400 18,700 34,200

281,000

LOCATION.- of the County

RECORDSGAGE. Gurley

ST. MARY CAHAL AT INTAKE HEAR BABB, MOHT.

In NW. K NE. Yi sec. 27, T. 36 N., R. 14 W., 600 feet below intake canal on Blackfeet Indian Reservation, 1 mile east of Babb, Glacier

AVAILABLE. June 1, 1918, to September 30, 1926.printing water-stage recorder on right bank referred to a staff

gage which is read once daily by ditch rider.DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable near gage.ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent during season. Rating curve

well defined. Operation of water-stage recorder unsatisfactory except for short periods. Observer's readings to hundredths once daily used during periodu when water-stage recorder was not in operation. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table. Records good.


St. Mary Canal diverts water from west bank of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., and discharges into North Fork of Milk River. The water then flows in the natural channel of Milk River through Canada and is finally used for irrigation i:a Milk River Valley, east of Havre, Mont. Water may be returned to St. Mary River at St. Mary crossing.


Discharge measurements of St. Mary Canal at intake near Babb, Mont., during the year ending September SO, 1926

Date

Oct. 14--,-..-..Apr. 22, ..May?..........June 12

Do.. ....

Gage height

Feet

4.895.906.256.38

Dis- charge

Sec.-ft. 6.9

322453495531

Date

July9. ......July 15..... . .July 28-. . Aug. 9 ..-

Qage height

Feet 6.456.766.804.032.82

Dis- charge

Sec.-ft. 538597579209111

Date

Ana 17

Aug. 27 ..... ..Sept. 20-..

Gage height

Feet 2.701.942.43.42

Dis- charge

Sec.-ft. 12168946.6

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary Canal at intake near Babb, Mont, for the year ending September SO, 1926

Day

2 _ ...... ...... .. .

4 _ . . - - ..

6..........,-..... . . -. . .7..... .. . . . . 8...........................................9.............. .. . .

10.............. .. ....... __.. .

11 _ . , 12............... .............. ........ .......13........... - .... .........14 ____ ...... ....... .15 __ .......... ............... ...............

16. _ ...... -__. . ...17 __ .. . _ ...............18. _ ....... .........19 __ ............... .........................20............................................

21.... ................... ............ ......22............................................23 __ . . _._... . _24...,. _ . . 25

26. _ . . . ...........27 __ . . .. .2829.. ................ .... . ... ............30.. __ ......................................31............................................

Oct.

147

544531518516

515AQA

462301237

119567.06.9

Apr.

355866

187232

289325342365365

364365365365366

May

394442443460460

460459456453452

450459476491508

518532

. 546551551

557565578592552

469469466464463463

June

'457456456457457

459462466466467

470530534536557

563562562570571

568570568570571

573571571573573

July

571573571571571

570570576590594

594590590590592

590589587584570

524518515515512

506462298238202170

Aug.

160133131131130

129130125119119

119118118111111

11111110914498

95114108105105

969396

101105115

Sept.

122150208231222

252

256302336

320147146140121

120

Monthly discharge of St. Mary Canal at intake near Babb, Mont., for the year ending September SO, 1926

Month

October 1-14 __ .... ...__......_.. .. __ ....... .....

June ___ _____ ... _ .. _ ___ .................July......................................................August ________ . ___ . _ .... _ . _ . .............

The period. _ .... _ ... .....-..... ....... ...

Discharge in second-feet

Maximum

547 366 592 573 594 160 336

Minimum

6.9 35

394 456 170 93

120

Mean

346 273 490 526 519 116 208

Ban-off inacre-feet

9,610 8,120

30,100 31,300 31,900 7,130 6,600

125,000


ST. MART CANAL AT ST. MART CROSSING, NEAR BABB, MONT.

15

.--In NE. % sec. 30, T. 37 N., R, 13 W. Montana meridian, 500 feet east of outlet of St. Mary River siphon, 10 miles below intake, and 9 miles north of Babb, Glacier County.

HECORDS AVAILABLE. July 6, 1918, to September 30, 1926.OAGE. Stevens continuous water-stage recorder on right bank.DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 70 feet above gage.CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Control is located at entrance to steel flume. Sub-

ject to shift on account of silting of canal.ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent during season. Rating curves

well defined. Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory except October 1-14, April 18-22, and May 21-31 when observer's daily staff gage readings were used. Daily discharge ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage height obtained by inspection of recorder graph. Records good.

COOPEKATION. Maintained in cooperation with the Department of the Interior, Canada.

Discharge measurements of St. Mary Canal at St. Mary crossing, near Babb, Mont., during the year ending September 80, 19&6

Date

Oct. 14.........Apr. 23.........May 7

Gage' height

Feet 0.603.604


Monthly discharge of St. Mary Canal at St. Mary crossing, near Babb, Mont.r for the year ending September 30, 1926

Month

October 1-14. .........................................April 18-30.. ........... _ ............................!NxsyJune __ . .... .............................July.....................................................

September 1-16 _ ____________ ..............


Maximum

472 329 512 492 498 148 286

Minimum

7.3 32

378 398 152 66 70

Mean

310261 436 456 446 105 177

Run-off in acre-feet

8,610 6,730

26,800 27,100 27,400 6,460 5,600

ST. MART CANAL AT HUDSON BAT DIVIDE, NEAR BROWNING, MONT.

LOCATION. In sec. 5, T. 37 N., R. 11 W., 3 miles above canal outlet, 30 miles north of Browning, Glacier County, on Blackfeet Indian Reservation.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 3, 1917, to September 30, 1926.GAGE. Stevens continuous water-stage recorder on right bank 50 feet above-

the first drop in canal.DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 500 feet above gage.CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Canal uniform in section. Control is a V-shaped

notch in concrete drop just below gage.ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent during season. Rating curve-

well defined between 3 and 540 second-feet. Operation of water-stage recorder fairly satisfactory. Daily discharge ascertained by applying to- rating table mean daily gage height obtained by inspection of recorder graph. Records good except for estimated periods, for which they are fair..

COOPERATION. Maintained in cooperation with the Department of the Interior,. Canada.

Discharge measurements of St. Mary Canal at Hudson Bay divide, near Browning,, Mont., during the year ending September 80, 19&6

Date

Oct. 19.........Apr. 23 .Apr. 27.........

May 27 _ ... ...

Gage height

Feet 1.024.955.285.725.90

Dis- charge

Sec.-ft. 3.8

266310388436

Date

July 7... July 21.. .......

Gage height

Feet 6.166.176.156.103.50

Dis- charge

Sec.-ft. 481507488472107

Date

Aug. 13. _ .....Sept. 14- Sept. 24 _ .....

Gage height

Feet 3.493.363.70

Dry.

Dis- charge

Sec.-ft.

105128

a

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary Canal at Hudson Bay divide, near- Browning, Mont., for the year ending September SO, 1926

Day

1 .. ______ ..... ___ . _ .............2 _____ .... __ .3. _ . 4.- _ ..................................5.... 6. .7 ___ ........ ...i..... .....................8 _ _ 9 _ . __ .-, ..... .............................10 _ __ ... .... ... _11 _ .. _ . __ ..............................19

13-.. ...... ......14 _ .. ___ 15..- -.. . .................... ..

Oct.

484472464454450450438425386225140114652015

Apr. May

315334357379390396398396392390388390396410420

June

402394394398388392392400394396396410438459474

July

494496494492489487487489485487489492489489492

Aug.

1451351151101101101071031029810310210210098

Sept.

102115135175190193200213215252287237146129-117


Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary Canal at Hudson Bay divide, near Browning, Mont., for the year ending September 80, 1926 Continued

Day4

16. ............. .......................... _ .17........ __...._._..._._.____._________._....18............................................19.-.. .....................................20.- . .._...-...........__....___._.__

21............................................22 _ ........................... .... .23.. ..........................................24...........................................25............................................

26.-. ......... .............................2T... ......................... .....^........?8 M29.. _ .:*__ 30.. ........... ...........................31 ___ ............... _ .....................

Oct.

10743.8

x"pr'

300qin

313313313QTQ

315

May

434453457470476

478476485489496

487432410408402398

June

481487489496496

492489489492492

dQR

4944.Q9

492494

July

487492487485485

478451442438436

432430onn

244203165

Aug.

96989796125

10565969188

898385889398

Sept.

103714424.414.5

9.8.0

NOTE. Water-stage recorder not in operation Oct. 1-19, Aug. 1-11, and Aug. 28 to Sept. 5. Observer's readings used Oct. 1-14. Discharge estimated from flow at upper station Oct. 15-19, Aug. 1-11, and Aug. 28 to Sept. 5.

Monthly discharge of St. Mary Canal at Hudson Bay divide, near Browning, Mont., for the year ending September SO, 1926

Month

April 24-30... ......

July....... ...... ....... .............. ...... .... .....


Maximum

484 315 496 498 496 145 287

Minimum

3.8 300 315 388 165 65 0

Mean

244 311 419 450 448 101 135


9,200 4,320

25,800 26,800 27,500 6,210 5,890

SWIFTCURKENT CREEK AT MANY GLACIER, MONT.

LOCATION. In sec. 12, T. 35 N., R. 16 W., at outlet of McDermott Lake at Many Glacier, Glacier County, in Glacier National Park, 14 miles south- west of Babb.

DRAINAGE ABEA. 31.4 square miles (measured on topographic map).RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 6, 1912, to September 30, 1926.GAGE. Stevens continuous water-stage recorder on right bank.DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 1,000 feet below gage or by

wading.CHANNEL AND CONTBOL. Limestone outcrop at outlet of lake forms control;

shifts slightly.EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 3.41 feet at 1

p. m. May 5 (discharge, 491 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.49 feet Novem- ber 8-11 (discharge, 37.2 second-feet).

1912-1926: Maximum stage recorded, 4.75 feet June 17, 1916 (discharge, 1,550 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.22 feet November 6-7, 1921 (discharge, 10 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. No records during winter.DIVERSIONS. None.REGULATION. None.


ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during the period of no record. Two well-defined rating curves used during year, one applicable October 1 to November 11, the other applicable April 22 to September 30. Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory except October 1-15, June 16-17, and September 7-13, when discharge was estimated. Daily discharge for periods when water-stage recorder was in operation ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage height obtained by inspection of recorder graph. Records good except for estimated periods for which they are fair.

COOPERATION. Maintained in cooperation with Department of the Interior, Canada.

Discharge measurements of Swiftcurrent Creek at Many Glacier, Mont., during the year ending September 30, 1926

Date

Oct. 18..... ....

May 6 ........May 20. _ . _ .

Gage height

Feet 1.672.802.882.74

Dis- charge

Sec.-ft. 46.9

299327274

Date

July 6. .........July 14.........Aug. 9.-.. ...

Gage height

Feet 2.202.422.321.92

Dis charge

Sec.-fi. 13919617078

Date

Aug. 15.........

Gage height

Feet 1.912.00

Dis- charge

See.-fl. 7594

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Swiftcurrent Creek at Many Glacier, Mont., for the year ending September 30, 1926

Day

1 __ ................................2....................................3....................................4....................................5..... .-.--,-. ..............-....

« - . ... __ ..7.. -......._,_....._..._ _ ..........8....................................9 __ . _ . _ ......... ___ . _ ..

10... .................................

11 ___ . _ . _ ... .... ... .12... _ . . . 13....................................14... . __ .. _ .................15....................................

16....................................17....................................18 __ ........................... ..19.....-.. ..._..__._.___.___._.__._20...... ..............................

21.. ...............................22................................ ...23....................................24............-......-... ....25... ..............................

26........ ............................27...... _ ........... . .28... . . ........29 __ .. ...... ... .30 ......................... .31 .._. ............

Oct.

1 70

53.052.051.051.051.0

50.049.654.058.059.0

56.0AQ A

47.848.7

38.8

Nov.

39.638.839.640 438.8

38.038.037.237.237,2

37.2

Apr.

287234188168

178226296387458

May

442356305368465

340267215180156

144130130163204

210207202210267

276231199188168

141134130134

130

June

121121130166212

242259231212186

166144128125141

146151158204245

234228228234234

242OCA

245215193

July

193202193186186

193204207183166

166163163163i153

144132128121116

1079898

101105

114

1039896

101

Aug.

10198928888

8682787874

707*

788ft*80

82868696

105

9078747884CM

116109

Oft

166

Sept.

290290248196170

1701 179

188197206

178150121

* 11«118

123116109

9896

105123118101

90

8682869009

NOTE. Braced figure represents mean discharge for period indicated.

HUDSON BAY DKAINAGE BASIN

Monthlj/ discharge of Swiftcurrent River at Many Glacier, Mont., for the year ending September SO,

[Drainage area, 31.4 square miles]

Month

October _ _____________November 1-11 ____________April 22-30.... _ ................. _ .

July.... ...-..-.-.......-_..._...August __ . ______________


Maximum

70.0 40.4

458 465 259 207 166 290

Minimum

38.8 37.2

168 130 121 96 70 82

Mean

60.0 38.4

269 220 193 145 90.3

144

Per square mile

1.91 1.22 8.57 7.01 6.15 4.62 2.87 4.59

Run-oft

Inches

2.J20 .50

2.87 8.08 6.86 5.33 3.31 5.12

Aeretfeet

3,690 838

4,800 13,500 11,500

8,920 5,550 8,570

SWIFTCURRENT GREEK AT SHERBURNE, MONT.

LOCATION. In sec. 35, T. 36 N., R. 15 W., 800 feet below spillway of SherburneLake Dam at Sherburne, Glacier County.

DBAINAGE AREA. 64 square miles (measured on topographic map). RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 1, 1912, to September 30, 1926. GAGE. Stevens continuous water-stage recorder on left bank. DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 450 feet above gage or by

waddng. CHANNEL AND CONTBOL. An outcropping limestone ledge, somewhat broken

and irregular, forms the control; subject to slight shifts. EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.84 feet at

10 a. m. October 10 (discharge, 1,120 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.90foot September 30 (discharge, 12.0 second-feet).

1912-1926: Maximum stage recorded, 7.85 feet June 17, 1916 (discharge,2,280 second-feet); no flow at various times when gates were closed.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice, observations discontinued duringwinter.

DIVERSIONS. None.REGULATION. Flow regulated by gate operations. ACCURACY.' Stage-discharge relation changed slightly during period of no record.

Two well-defined rating curves used during year, one applicable October1-31 and the other applicable April 18 to September 30. Operation ofwater-stage recorder satisfactory, except October 29-31 and September24-29, when discharge was estimated. Daily discharge ascertained byapplying to rating table mean daily gage height obtained by inspection ofrecorder graph. Rtecords good.

COOPERATION. Maintained in cooperation with the Department of the Interior,Canada

Discharge measurements of Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherburne, Mont., during the year ending September SO, 1926

Date

Oct. 15,.... ....Apr. 21.........

Gage height

Feet 4.164.172.00

Dis- charge

See.-fl. 452461

81

Date

July 14.........

Gage height

Feet 3 M\4.262.16

Dis- charge

Sec.-fl.$3A488102

Date

Sept. 20.... ,

Gage height

Feet 0.98

Dis- charge

See.-ft. 13.6

20 StJEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1926, PART V

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Smftcurrent Creek at Sherburne, Mont., for the year ending September SO, 1926

Day

1 __ .. __ ................. __ ... __ .....2 __ ... _ ...... __ .......................3 _ . .- ... ....-.....................4.............. _ ...........................5................ __ ..... _ ......... __ ..6 _ ......... __ . __ ................ _ ...7...........................................8............................................9--10. ........................................11---...... _ .. __ ... __ . , . 12--..... __ ... ....-.....................13--..-.. .....-............................14-.. .. _______ .. . ..15 __ ....--.......-........... ...16... . . . 17. .. .. ......................18... ....... _____ ...... . . _19.. . . .... ...................20- . . 21 ___ . _ .. ___ ...... _ .................22- .. .. ..................... ....23 ..... .................................24....... ______ ....... ........ _ ........25.. . ._ . __. 26............................................27_ ... ........ ... ........ . ..........28 _ ...... __ . __ ....... ....... ............29 _ ..... ___ ....... _ ...................30. . ...........-. ...............31 ____ . __ ..............................

Oct.

502488480471454435571912

1,0801,0801,010877769619477264149102868577526510563727466605450

Apr.

324356467464389290264240198193203225221

May

26823316370828283103106133204281320

365405413363369402402405405391361338232228250281296308

June

328332336344346346346346344330324378378372324346369365344332312312306288284286284292348378

July

344316322367361358387407405398394402422469448.464456445480438428418425435413290208160145131126

Aug.

1251241241181121101061051001019591919194981061081141091101011009594110125119121142178

Sept.

243314332314271257264296300227107798278665017.615.614.013.813.613.413.413.213.012.812.612.412.212.0

Monthly discharge of Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherburne, Mont., for the year endingSeptember SO, 1926

[Drainage area, 64 square miles]

Month

April 18-30 ........ ....................... _ ..........

JuneJuly . . ._ ......... ....... .......August. - - _ .September __ __ . _______________ !


Maximum

1,080 467 413 378 480 178 332

Minimum

50 19370

284 126 91 12

Mean

376 295 269 334 363 110 116


23,100 7,610

16,500 19,900 22,300 6,760 6,900

CANYON CREEK NEAR MANY GLjJ CIER, MOWT.

LOCATION. At edge of heavy timber area, half a mile above mouth, in Glacier National Park, 2 miles southeast of Many Glacier, Glacier County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 7.0 square miles (measured on topographic map).RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 12, 1918, to September 30, 1926.GAGE. Stevens continuous water-stage recorder on left bank.DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from footbridge at gage or by wading.CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed covered with heavy boulders and cobblestones.

Control is riffle 20 feet below gage; subject to shifts.EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum discharge during year estimated 62 second-

feet September 1; minimum discharge recorded, 8.8 second-feet at 3 p. m. August 11 (gage height, 0.67 foot).

1918-1926: Maximum stage, 3.34 feet May 16, 1922 (discharge, estimated 500 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.56 foot October 4, 1919 (discharge, 3.3 second-feet).


ICE. Observations discontinued during winter.DIVERSIONS. None.KEGTTLATION. None.ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during spring break-up. Two

well-defined rating curves used during year, one applicable during October and the other applicable April 22 to September 30. Operation of water- stage recorder satisfactory except as noted in footnote to daily-discharge table. Daily discharge for days when water-stage recorder was in operation ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage height obtained by inspection of recorder graph. Records good except for estimated periods, for which they are fair.


Discharge measurements of Canyon Creek near Many Glacier, Mont., during the year ending September 30, 1926

Date

Oct. 15........Apr. 22.........May 6 ........

Gage height

Feet 0.671.101.18

Dis- charge

Sec.-ft. 10.230.236.4

Date

July 13.........

Gage height

Feet 1.281.041.03

Dis- charge

Sec.-ft. 46.624.525.1

Date

Sept. 20........

Gage height

Feet 0.71.93

Dis- charge

Sec.-ft. 10.220.8

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Canyon Creek near Many Glacier, Mont., for the year ending September 30, 1926

Day

1 ...................................... _ .2... ___ .... ....3.......... .......... .......................4.............. .......................... _ .5. _ ........ ... __ ..... ... ....

6................ ...................... _ ...7............;.. .......... .........8-.... .......................................9............................................10. ............ ....... ....... .....

11. ........... .... . ...12.......................... ........... .....13 __ ..... _ .14... ....................... ....... .........15............................................

16............................................17.............. ... . . . . . ...IS............................................19- ............................... .........20--...-...... ........ ... .....

21-....,.-.-...... .....22--...., .23............ .24.......... 25..... .......

26. ... .... ............................ ^. ...........................................28 __ .........................................29 ..........................................-30 ............................. _ .. __ ..31- -.--.................................-..

Oct.

13.913.613.613.613.9

13.613.613.313.012.6

12.0

11.011.010.1

9.810.1

O 8

9 0

11.0

13 912.611.0

10.410.010.010.010.010.0

Apr.

y|Q fi

KO A

i** 7

39.19Q t\

23.5

May

22.532.032.922.525.9

32.932.025.321.520.0

17.615.816.791 K.27.1

25.926.527.1*»A A

Ati 7

42.434.630.428.323.5

20.520.5W K20.020.018.5

June

18.019.521.024.132.0

35.435.431.229.027.0

26.025.024.024.025.9

27.030.035.045.0do n

49.549.049 0

50.0

49.046.841.335.432.9

July

36.339.138.036.033.0

31.232.029.525.925.3

24.725.325.325.324.0

22.020.018.017.016.0

15.015.0IK A

15.016.0

16.015.014.914.014.0'15.4

Aug.

15.814.913.613.613.6

13.113.612.612.210.0

9.29.0

10.010.49.5

10.811.811.012.015.0

11.09.5

10.010.410.8

12.617.214.414.925.960.0

Sept.

62.060.050.045.040.0

30.031.031.032.032.0

28.025.023.022.023.0

\ 23.022.021.020.021.0

22.522.019.520.519.5

15.815.815.815.815.8

NOTE. Gage-height record missing Oct. 11-14, 27-31 June 9-14, 16-24, July 3-5, 15-27, Aug. 18-21, and Aug. 31 to September 19. Discharge estimated by comparison with records for Swiftcurrent Creek at .Many Glacier.


discharge of Canyon Creek near Many Glacier, Mont., for the year ending September 80, 1986

[Drainage area, 7.0 square miles]

Month

October _______ .April 22-30 ........ ___May..................................June.... __________ . _July............................... /August _______ . __ .September _____ .


Maximum

15.3 53.0 45.7 50.0 39.1 60.0 62.0

Minimum

9.8 22.5 15.8 18.0 14.0 9.0

15.8

Mean

1L8 38.2 25.8 34.5 22.9 14.1 27.5

Per square

mile

1.68 5.46 3.69 4.93 3.27 2.01 3.93

Run-off

Inches

1.94 1.834.25 5.50 3.77 2.32 438

Acre-feet

726 682

1,590 2,050 1,410

867 1,640

BOIS DES SIOUX RIVER HEAR TENNE7, MINN.

LOCATION, Near center of sec. 22, T. 130 N., R. 47 W., at Soo Railway bridge 5 miles west of Tenney, Wilkin County, Minn., and 2 miles east of Fairmount, N. Dak.

DRAINAGE ABEA. 1,460 square miles.RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 1, 1919 to September 30, 1926.GAGE. Vertical staff gage attached to piling pier of the Soo railway bridge;

read by Harry Voss.DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge, from railway bridge,

or by wading.CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of silt and fine clay, overgrown with

weeds, which clog the channel by an amount varying with the season. No considerable shifts in channel likely because normal velocities are insufficient to erode.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum discharge recorded during year, 32 second- feet March 18 and 19; no flow during greater part of year.

1919-1926: Maximum discharge recorded 390 second-feet April 22, 1922; no flow during several long periods.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.DIVERSIONS. None.REGULATION. There are no reservoirs or power plants which affect the flow.

The station is 15 miles below the outlet of Lake Traverse with no considerable tributaries entering between so that abrupt changes in discharge are unlikely. Very extensive ditching and drainage work in the tributary area during the past twenty years may affect the distribution of flow.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation during March probably affected by ice and by shifting control. No discharge measurements made; 1923 rating used. Records poor. Report of no flow during rest of year is reliable.

During the years ending September 30, 1924 and 1925 the observer reported no flow during the entire climatic years. The report of no flow was confirmed by three visits made by the hydrographer during those years.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Bow- des Sioux River near Tenney, Minn., for the year ending September 30, 1986

Day

8. 9 ...

UK..-............ .....

11 12. -...-..-. .......13... ..............14................ .......15.... ..............

Mar.

111110

8644

11

Day

16................... _ .17.......... .............18. _ ..... __ .........1920

2122......... ..............23.

Mar.

1826323230

282725

Day

24.. . ....... _ ....25.

26.................. __27... ........ ......... 28 .29.......................

Mar.

2422

1814105

NOTE. No flow during year except Mar. 8-29.

RED LAKE RIVER AT THIEF RIVER FALLS, MIHN.

LOCATION. In sec. 33, T. 154 N., R. 43 W., one-third mile below dam at Thief River Falls, Pemnington County, and 1 mile below mouth of Thief River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,430 square miles.RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 1, 1909, to September 30, 1918, and March 25, 1920,

to September 30, 1926.GAGE. Inclined staff gage on right bank; read by Thomas Hastad.DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable near gage.CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of gravel and small boulders; nearly

permanent.EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage recorded during year,

8.0 feet June 22 (discharge, 2,550 second-feet); minimum discharge, estimated 19 second-feet March 4 (stage-discharge relation affected by ice).

1909-1918; 1920-1926: Maximum open-water stage recorded, 12.2 feet April 19-21, 1916 (discharge, 7,040 second-feet); no flow July 17 and August 27, 1911.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by iee.REGULATION. A-short distance above station is a dam owned by Hanson &

Barzen Milling Co. and the city lighting plairk The variation in load on the turbines due to operation of the lighting plant (at night) and of the mill (chiefly during the day) causes fluctuations in stage at the gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except as affected by ice. Rating, curve fairly well defined. Gage read to half-tenths orce daily during summer ar-d two or three times weekly during winter, but owing to regulation the gage reading at low stages may not accurately represent the mean daily gage height. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table. Open-water records at medium and high stages, good; at low stages, fair. Winter records poor.

No discharge measurements made at station during year.

24

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn., for the year ending September SO, 1926

Day

1. . .... ......2.. .............3...............4...............5...............

6 7........ __ .8...............9.... ...........10.. .............

11.. ..........12 _ . _______13...............14.. .............15... ............

16........ .......17 ........... .18........ .......19...............20 ............

21... ......22 .........23... ............24 ...........25

26 27. .28 ..........29........ .......30 ..........31 ___ ......

Oct.

795845845705660

615615548526548

548570505505526

484505406318388

425425425548505

50538842564

388425

Nov.

318352388425388

3521*2206206352

3703803904fl«400

388395400410420

425i 464

425420420

420400388340290

Dec.

*)An192370560750

650'576510450388

415444352340330

318360400444420

390360335320310

301320340350370370

Jan.

370370395420444

400380370370

370370370380400

406370335330320

310310301310320

335320320310301301

Feb.

301301301301101

301301301301301

301301301370330

300268250240236

236240245250255

260268220

Mar.

1701207019

130

236200210206206

206206206236260

320400

570570

1,0501,,6402,1102,4602,110

2,3702,2801,8001,230995795

Apr.

750795660352AR

284

252252284221268

268301 33&33531&

221444221318268

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 5 to Apr. 8; discharge determined by a study of gage-height records, observer's notes, and temperature recprds.

Monthly discharge of Red Lake River at Thief River Fatts, Minn., for the year ending September SO, 1926[Drainage area, 3,430 square miles]

Month

April...... .


Maxi- mum

845 464 750 444 370

2,460 1,720

Mini- mum

64 192 192 301 220

19 352

Mean

515 371 396 356 281 772 778

Month

July...... ... ....


Maxi- mum

660 2,550

750 464 505

2,550

Mini- mum

318 464 221 66 89

19

Mean

493 897 493 23625&

488

BED LAKE RIVER AT CROOKSTOH, MZNff.

LOCATION. In sec. 30, T. 150 N., R. 46 W. at Sampson's Addition highway bridge in Crookston, Polk County, one-fourth mile below dam and power house of Crookston Light, Water & Power Co. No tributaries enter within several miles.

DRAINAGE AREA. 5,320 square miles.RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 19, 1901, to September 30, 1926.GAGE. A chain gage attached to middle span of bridge; read by J. A. McLean..

Zero of, gage is 833.54 feet above sea level.DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge at gage.CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of silt, gravel, and small boulders;

control not well defined. One channel at all stages.

HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIJf

EXTEEMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, lfi.3 feet March 24 (discharge, 6,500 second-feet); minimum discharge, 92 second- feet measured by current meter on August 30.

1901-1926: Maximum discharge 14,700 second-feet July 5, 1919; minimum stage, 2.0 feet August 6-8, 1925 (discharge, 5 second-feet). Minimum discharge due to regulation.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.REGULATION. Diurnal fluctuation in stage, particularly at low water, is caused

by operation of power plant immediately above the station and by another plant 8 "miles upstream. Storage at these plants is small, so that mean monthly flow should represent nearly the natural flow.

ACCUKACY. Stage-discharge relation not permanent; affected by ice during winter and by aquatic growth during summer. Standard rating curve well defined. Gage read to tenths once daily. At low stages the mean daily gage height may be considerably in error on account of regulation. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table. Shifting- control method applied June 27 to September 30 on account of aquatic growth in channel. Records fair except for periods of low water or ice effect, for which they are poor.

The following discharge measurements were made: October 30, 1925: Gage height, 3.34 feet; discharge, 352 second-feet. August 30, 1-926: Gage height, 3.61 feet; discharge, 92 second-feet. September 1, 1926: Gage height, 4.28 feet; discharge, 283 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn., for the year ending September 30, 1926

Day

1..... ____ .2 3 .... ... -4 _ . _ . ____5 .... ... ...

6 ... ...... ...7... ... .... -8.. ... .... ...g10.

11. 12 13. 14 ___ 15.

16 17 18 19 20

21. , 22. 23 24 25

26 27 __28 29. 30. SI

Oct.

630990845

1,0901,260

990845630590550

550590590510550

690510520540550

560580

,690630630

630710590395395470

Npv.

445420395400420

440460480500540

590580560550580

610640670600540

470470470470470

470470470440410

Dec.

380350325360395

360430500670620

560510480460430

4304304304304

SURFACE' WATER SUPPLY, W%®, KAET V

Monthly* discharge of Red Lake River at Crookston, Mmn., for the year endingSept&mbef 80,

[Drainage area, 5,320 square milegj

Month

October. _ __ .

January _____ .February. ____ . . .

April. ........,........


Maxi- mum

1,260590 670 510 530

6,500 3,300

Mini- mum

395 395 325 395 325 230 670

Mean

648 501 443 448 385

1,840 1,380

Month

July-- _ .... _ ...

The year. ..........

Discharge to second-feet

Mffid-TTlHTtl

845 3,430 1,320

510 360

6,500

Mini* mum.

670 670 510 260 230

230

Mean

714 1,350

888 364 313

775

ROSEAU RIVEE AT CARIBOU, MOTN.

LOCATION. In sec. 34, T. 164 N., R. 45 W. at highway bridge at Caribou, Kitt- son County, 1 mile south of international boundary and 3 miles upstream from crossing of boundary line by river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,650 square miles.RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 1 to October 6, 1917; April 12, 1920, to September

30, 1926.GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream handrail of bridge, 60 feet from left

abutment; read by James A. McKibbih. Zero of gage is 1,000.3 feet above sea level.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading.CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel is artificial, of trapezoidal cross section, 100

feet wide and 10 feet deep. Bed composed of hardpan with a few scattered large boulders.

EXTREMES. OS- DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.5 feet July 6-8 (dischar.ge,,,l,9Pp:second-feet); minimum discharge, estimated, 31 second-feet December 30 and March 13-19 (stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

1917; 1920-1926: Maximum stage recorded, 12.5 feet May 2, 1923 (discharge, 2,980' second-feet); minimum discharge, 4 second-feet September 10-12, 29, 30, 1917.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.DIVERSIONS.- No diversions involving storage or loss of water. A small channel

3J^ miles long was dredged some years ago from a point 4 mites above station to a point 1 mile below station. At all stages above a height of about 6.0 feet ,wajj(er flows in this enannelj and is measured and included as a^ part of the flow past the station.

REGULATION. None.ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except as affected

by ice. Ratiag curve well defined. Gage read to half-tenths twice daily. Except for icet period dailJjr discharge was ascertained by applying daily gage height to rating table. Open-water records good; winter records poor.

The following discharge measurement was made:August 31, 1926: Gage height, 4.31 feet; discharge, 126 second-feet.


Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Roseau River at Caribou, Minn., for the year ending September 80, 1926

Day

1.. _ ..2-. .........3... .........4...............5.. .............

ff ..........7...............8...............9...............10... ............

11.. ..........12...............13... ......14 ...........15

16............ _17... ............18... .......19 ........20.. ..........

21...............2223...............24...............25 _ ....

26. .........27 ..........28...............29 ............30 ..........31 ..........

Oct.

122148181209224

216202202195188

188181167167167

167167167174174

181188202

224

255288305323323323

Nov.

323341341323323*M1

341330310300

290280271265260

255250245239235

230225220220215

210209200190180

Dec.

170167160150150

140130130120115

110100inn9080

8075686055

5045403836

353433323135

Jan.

4045RA

5560

6568686868

6868686868

6560&>6055

KO

50505050

454545454240

Feb.

4040404040

383838383$

3838383838

3838383836

3636363634

343434

Mar.

3434QJ.

34Q^.

qq

33333333

39

32*J1

3131

31*>1

313144

57141271483440

419399419399399399

Apr.

461550EQA

KQQ

599ffn527AAfl

399

>W7

788760505440

44044fi

379360360

OCA

360330300260

230

195195181

May

160154154128134

1QJ.

134134128141

141148141128122

122115115103109

irto109103134154

167255360379379360

June

360360341305320

320320320330330

330340340350350

360399505574817

1,1901,2701,3101,3501,390

1,4301,4701,5501,6001,640

July

1,6801,7201,7701,8101,860

1,9001,9001,9001,8601,8