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Superconductor Cables for Data Center Applications
March 24, 2010
Agenda
• Introduction to AMSC• AC Superconductor Cables• LV DC Superconductor Cables• A Challenge
• Market/Ticker: NASDAQ/AMSC• Founded: 1987• Headquarters: Devens, MA• Other locations: Wisconsin,
Pennsylvania, Austria,
China• Employees: 650+• Patents owned or licensed: 700+
About American Superconductor
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FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09E FY10E
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Estimates as of 11/19/09
AMSC Power Systems • Produces power electronic
D-VAR® and SVC reactive compensation systems
• Provides licensed wind energy system designs
AMSC Superconductors• Produces HTS wire• Designs, develops and
licenses HTS products, and manages large-scale HTS projects
Partnering with AMSC
AMSC offers a unique corporate experience base:• 23-year history in the development and manufacture of superconductor wire
and systems• Involvement in two-thirds of the world’s HTS superconductor project
installations• Supplier of >75% of all HTS wire used in power applications• In-house System Planning Department experienced in modeling
superconductor cable systems• Cryogenic system design expertise tailored to HTS projects• Protection and control system design expertise• Turn-key superconductor cable system integration experience
AMSC offers unmatched capabilities
5
AMSC and First Element Offer a Unique HTS Partnering Experience
• DATA CENTER DESIGN SUPPORT: First Element and AMSC can assist in completing any studies needed to site, size and evaluate the system impact of HTS cables
• CABLE SPECIFICATION SUPPORT: AMSC can develop cable electrical requirements.
• CRYOGENIC SYSTEMS: AMSC can develop specifications for, and provide the cooling system and assist in evaluating cryogenic refrigeration options.
• SYSTEM INTEGRATION SERVICES: AMSC and First Element can define the scope of supply, timelines, installation, and commissioning requirements – including turnkey services - for the overall HTS cable project.
AMSC is Uniquely Suited as an HTS Cable Project Partner
Superconductor Cables for Data Centers
AC Cables• High power cables as
alternative to conventional power cables
LV DC Cables• Extremely
compact• Extremely light• Allows for new
data center design concepts
LIPA 138kV, 575MVACable System
22kV, 50MVACable
1.4
3.3
4.2
28.8
95.6
0 20 40 60 80 100
208V
480V
600V
4160V
13.8kV
3-phase MVA
Maximum AC Superconductor Cable Rating
Power Transfer Equivalency of Superconductor Cables
• Same Voltage, More Power- Greatly increased power
transfer capacity at any voltage level
Superconductor cables provide much greater power transfer than conventional cable
* Superconductor rating based on conventional 4000A breaker rating
Application Advantages of AC Cable
Photo courtesy MIT
• Single cable can replace multiple cables
• Lower power losses bring power into a data center
• Lower installation costs
One of these
or
All of this?
Superconductor Cables for LV DC Power Distribution in Computer Data Centers
A DC power distribution system within Data Centers could increase the efficiency of typical operations by over 28%*
* “DC Power for Improved Data Center Efficiency””, Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory’s (LBNL) , 2006, p60
Data Center Power Consumption
Superconductor Advantages with DC Power
• When carrying DC current, superconductors themselves are perfectly lossless
• Regardless of length • Regardless of power rating
• Benefits• No power limitations based on current-based losses• Allows higher current levels• Allows longer cable runs
Superconductors offer significant advantages in data center applications
Superconductor Cables for LV DC Power Distribution in Computer Data Centers
* “DC Power for Improved Data Center Efficiency””, Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory’s (LBNL) , 2006, p60
Copper Realities
• Voltage Drop limits length and therefore data center design
• Resistance produces heat and increased cooling costs
• Large number of cables are Heavy, expensive to install, and require significant support
Copper, though effective, introduces design limitations
Conventional copper bus work from DC plant to PDUs
12
Degaussing Systems
Ship moving though the earth’s magnetic field creates a magnetic disturbance that is detectable by enemy magnetic mines
Degaussing Systems
Baseline Copper SystemDDG1000
HTSSingle loop, 1/10 the weight
Today, heavy, bulky copper cables are used to “hide” ship magnetic signature. Current capacity of copper often requires multiple cables to be used in a single loop
=
Degaussing Systems
LV DC superconductor cables are in service today in very demanding environments
Superconductor Cables for LV DC Power Distribution in Computer Data Centers
RefrigerationHTS Cable
Junction
Box
Monitoring
* “DC Power for Improved Data Center Efficiency””, Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory’s (LBNL) , 2006, p60
LV Superconductor DC 1000-8000A Power Cable
Equivalent Power Density of Copper to Superconductors
Typical helium cryocooler
Cryostat
Practical deployment of Superconductor Cables in Data Centers
• Refrigeration required• Larger bending radius required for cryostat (3-6’) • Tap points increase thermal load
• Minimize number of tap points
• Allows long runs from more centrally located DC plants• Allows higher current runs
HTS CABLE
Drops within PDU or to multiple PDUs
Advantages of LV Superconductor Cable
* “DC Power for Improved Data Center Efficiency””, Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory’s (LBNL) , 2006, p60
•No voltage drop frees up data center design (better floor space utilization)
•No electrical resistance reduces data center power consumption by up to 20% (losses and cooling)
•Small single cable reduces construction cost and time
•One 2” diameter, 1 lb/ft cable carries >4000A an unlimited distance with no voltage drop
Superconductors offer significant advantages in data center applications
48VDC Losses: Cu Vs Superconductor Cables
• Loss parity with copper for shorter distances and lower current
• Efficiency increases significantly with distance and current
Length 150 ft 150 ft 500 ft 1000 ft
Current 2000 A 4000 A 4000 A 4000 A
Superconductor cooling power 3.3kW 4.6kW 7.3kW 9.3kW
Cu* Losses 3.4kW 6.6kW 22.kW 44.3kW
Loss Improvement 2% 8% 66% 79%
Superconductor cables reduce energy consumption
* 0.5A/mm2 copper capacity
Estimated Installed Cost 48VDC: Cu Vs Superconductor Cables
• One cable replaces many, reducing cost and speeding and simplifying installation
• Superconductor cables have smaller footprints easing installation
• Lower weight reduces cable tray costs
Length 150 ft 150 ft 500 ft 1000 ft
Current 2000 A 4000 A 4000 A 4000 A
Installed Cost Savings (HTS to Cu)
0% 20% 40% 55%
Superconductor cables are economical
• 0.5A/mm2 copper capacity • Copper cost installation estimates provided by First Element
Advantages of a Superconductor Cabled Data Center
• Establishes a new standard in power delivery efficiency• A complete superconductor cabled data center is
estimated to reduce a power requirements by 20% or more
• Lower cabling installation costs• Savings driven by amperage and cable length
• Enables relocation of equipment to less expensive locations• Rectifiers, batteries, and UPS systems typically consume
10% or more of a data center’s floor space• Free up space on data center floors
Superconductor cables are game changers
AMSC LV DC Superconductor Cables
• AMSC can design and build DC superconductor cables of:• Any voltage• Any current rating• Any length• Completely engineered with cooling system and monitoring
• AMSC wants to:• Develop standard LV DC product range for data center
applications• Develop standardized connections, etc
AMSC is looking for Partner Companies to Deploy LV HTS Data Center Cables