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SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE HORN ANTENNA FOR60 GHZ BAND
Jirí LamborDoctoral Degree Programme (1), FEEC BUT
E-mail: [email protected]
Supervised by: Jaroslav Lácík, Zbynek RaidaE-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract: The paper presents the design and fabrication of a H-plane substrate integrated waveguide(SIW) horn antenna. The antenna operates at 60 GHz band and is equipped with a SIW-to-WR-15 transition. Experimental results prove that the antenna achieves the gain of 11.5 dBi and theimpedance bandwidth of 14 % for the reflection coefficient less than -10 dB. The antenna was de-signed with the help of CST Microwave Studio.
Keywords: Substrate Integrated Waveguide, H-plane horn
1 INTRODUCTION
Wireless communication in 60 GHz band is suitable for short range communication, e.g. for PersonalArea Network (PAN), due to the fact that millimeter waves demonstrate higher free space attenuationwith respect to microwaves. This property allow to operate with higher level of security and reducedinterference with other wirless systems.
A Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology is very promising candidate for millimeter waveapplications. Mainly due to the facts, SIW is electrically similar to a conventional waveguide and canbe easily integrated with planar circuits. In addition, it can be easily fabricated by a low cost printedcircuit board process.
A SIW horn antenna has poor radiation pattern in the E-plane caused by the constant height of asubstrate. This disadvantage can be reduced by a printed structure placed in horn aperture [1]. Otherapproach using a perforated dielectric slab can also lead to this disadvantage reduction [2].
The aim of this paper is to manufacture a functional antenna which can be used for experimental linksoperating at 60 GHz band. The advantage of presented antenna design is its low-cost manufacture,small dimensions and suitability of its application for 60 GHz band due to the appropriate signalpropagation properties in the SIW.
This paper reports design of a H-plane SIW horn antenna operating at 60 GHz band. The paper isorganized follows. Section 2 deals with the design of individual antenna parts, i.e. a SIW, a hornradiator, and a transition from SIW to a conventional metallic rectangular waveguide WR-15. Section3 presents simulated and measured results and Section 4 concludes the paper.
2 ANTENNA DESIGN
The antenna is composed from 3 main parts: a SIW, a SIW H-plane horn radiator, and a SIW-to-WR15 transition. The structure is depicted in Figure 1. Designed SIW is based on a planar dielectricsubstrate with top and bottom metal layers perforated by metalized holes. It operates in the funda-mental mode TE10. The SIW used in the antenna was designed according to the approach describedin [3] and [4] on the substrate Arlon Cuclad 217 and for the cut-off frequency of the fundamentals
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Figure 1: Antenna structure.
mode TE10 48 GHz. Respectively the final parameters of SIW structure are summarized in Table 1,with parameters with respect to Figure 2.
εr[-] fc[GHz] d[mm] p[mm] a[mm] ar[mm]
2.17 48 0.5 0.76 2.1 2.5
Table 1: Parameters of SIW.
The H-horn radiator is also based on the SIW technology. Its design is similar to a conventional hornradiator. Due to the constant height of the substrate, it is only possible to make the extension in the H-plane. The whole design procedure is described in [5]. For the improvement of the antenna radiationand its matching to feeding waveguide, the method presented in [6] was exploited. Contrary to thisreference, the frequency band is moved from 15 GHz to 60 Ghz. The radiator has been modeled anddesigned with the help of CST Microwave Studio. The outline of the horn radiator is shown in Figure2, and its parameters are summarized in Table 2.
Figure 2: Model of SIW horn radiator.
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A[mm] RH[mm] L[mm] s[mm]15.80 13.34 1.30 0.12
Table 2: Horn radiator parameters.
To feed the horn antenna (the horn radiator and the SIW) by a conventional waveguide WR15, thetransition from SIW-to-WR15 was designed. The cross-section of the designed transition is illustratedin Figure 3.
3 FABRICATION AND MEASUREMENT
The antenna was fabricated by a laser engraving on the substrate Arlon Cuclad 217. The transitionSIW-to-WR15 was machined. The fabricated sample of the antenna without the transition is depictedin Figure 4 and compared to 1 Czech crown coin (CZK).
2.18
0.12
0.9
1.1
1.88
Figure 3: Cross-section of SIW-to-WR15 transition and its dimensions.
Figure 4: Realized SIW horn radiator.
Frequency response of the reflection coefficient was measured by a vector network analyzer Rohde& Schwarz ZVA67 and the measurement results are depicted in Figure 5. Measured trace is similarto simulation results leading to satisfactory agreement between designed and manufactured antenna.Obviously, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 14 % for the reflection coefficient less than -10dB.
The radiation pattern of the antenna was measured in an anechoic chamber. The measured and sim-ulated results in the E and H plane are depicted in Figure 6 and 7, respectively. The very goodagreement between the simulated and measured data is obvious from these figures. The measuredgain of the antenna is 11.5 dBi.
4 CONCLUSION
The paper has described the design of H-horn SIW antenna with the SIW-to-WR15 transition. Themeasured results proves that the antenna achieved the gain of 11.5 dBi and the impedance bandwidthof 14 % for the reflection coefficient lower than -10 dB. The problematic aspect of the whole structureis the SIW-to-WR15 transition. The front part of the aluminium transition is a plane reflector. Thisreflector takes part in the forming of the radiation pattern. In future work, the influence of this reflectorshould be minimized.
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Figure 5: Reflection coefficient of antenna.
Figure 6: Radiation pattern of antenna in E-plane at frequency 60 GHz.
Figure 7: Radiation pattern of antenna in H-plane at frequency 60 GHz.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The presented research was supported by the Czech Grant Agency project no. P102/12/1274 andby the Internal Grant Agency of Brno University of Technology project no. FEKT-S-14-2483. Theresearch is the part of the COST Action IC 1102 which is financially supported by the grant of theCzech Ministry of Education no. LD12012. The research was performed in laboratories supported bythe SIX project; the registration number CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0072, the operational program Researchand Development for Innovation.
REFERENCES
[1] ESQUIUS-MOROTE, M., FUCHS, B. and MOSIG, J. R. Novel Thin and Compact H-Plane SIWHorn Antenna. In: IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation. IEEE, 2013, p. 2911 - 2920.ISSN 0018-926X.
[2] YANG, C., ZU-PING, Q., YING-SONG, Z., JUN, J., and WEN-QUAN, C. Bandwidth Enhance-ment of SIW Horn Antenna Loaded With Air-Via Perforated Dielectric Slab. In: IEEE Antennasand Wireless Propagation Letters. IEEE, 2014, p. 571 - 574. ISSN 1536-1225.
[3] KE WU, DESIANDES, D. and CASSIVI, Y. The substrate integrated circuits - a new conceptfor high-frequency electronics and optoelectronics. In: 6th International Conference on Telecom-munications in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Service. Niš, Serbia: TELSIKS, 2003,P - III-P-X vol.1. ISBN 0-7803-7963-2.
[4] BERGE, L. A. and BRAATEN, B. D. Comparison on the Coupling Between Substrate IntegratedWaveguide and Microstrip Transmission Lines for Antenna Arrays. In: 7th European ConferenceAntennas and Propagation. Göteborg, Sweden: EuCAP, 2013, p. 2416 - 2419. ISBN 978-1-4673-2187-7.
[5] K. NIKOLOVA, Natalia. Modern Antennas in Wireless TelecommunicationsECE753. LECTURE 18. Horn Antennas. In: mcmaster.ca [online]. Aviable on:http://www.ece.mcmaster.ca/faculty/nikolova/antenna_dload/current_lectures/L18_Horns.pdf
[6] ESQUIUS-MOROTE, M., FUCHS, B. and MOSIG, J. R. A new type of printed Ku-band SIW hornantenna with enhanced performances. In: Antennas and Propagation (ISAP). Nagoya, Japan:ISAP, 2012, pp. 223 - 226. ISBN 978-1-4673-1001-7.
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