Substance Use & Abuse Fall 2013

8/12/2019 Substance Use & Abuse Fall 2013

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Substance Use & Abuse

Maria Benitez, Briana Bonner, Kimberly MacDonald


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Use and Abuse Use: Drug consumption that does not meet the criteria for drug

abuse

Used for socializing and to feel the effects

Abuse: long-term, pathological use of alcohol or drugs,characterized by:

Daily intoxication

Inability to reduce consumption

Impairment in social or occupational functioning Use in situations that are physically hazardous

Substance related-legal problems

Continued use despite of persistent and recurrent social or

interpersonal problems caused and exacerbated by the

substance


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DependencyDependency(also addiction): a pattern of use resulting in

three or more of these factors in 12 months...


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Dependency Factors

Higher tolerance: needing more to get the same effect

Having withdrawls

Drugs taken in larger amounts and over longer periods of time

Unsuccessful effort to control substance use

Great deal of time spent obtaining, using, or recovering

Activities given up due to use

Continued use despite physical or psychological problems


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Types of Dependency

Physical Dependency

Increases tolerance

Tolerance

Base Tolerance

Ceiling Tolerance

Experience withdrawal symptoms without substance

Psychological Dependency

Drug will help cope with reality

Problem will go away with use of drug

Mental/emotional reliance on chemicals

Habits are hard to break


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Why do somepeople become

addicted to drugs

while others do not?


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What areYOU

addicted to ?


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Types of Addictions

Chemical

Includes tobacco, coffee, alcohol, cocaine, heroin ect.

Caffeine

You can experience withdrawals from caffeine i.e. anxiety,

depression, nervousness, headache, and dizziness

Food

Eating to release stress, when bored, or as a reward

Exercise

Obsession with working out, injuries can occur due to overuse.

Feel guilty when they miss a workout

T.V.

Average adult watches 7 hours of TV a day


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Who Can BecomeAddicted?

Family history of abuse/addiction

Being male

Having another psychological problem

Peer pressure

Lack of family involvement

Anxiety, depression, or

loneliness

Taking a highly addictive drug

Risk-taking personality


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Facts


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Marijuana

Main ingredient is THC (tetrahydrocannabinol)

Can be smoked or ingested

Taken in small doses, you get a sedative effect

Large doses result in physical and psychic changes


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Marijuana

Acute Effects: Tachycardia

Dryness of mouth

Reddening of eyes Enhanced appetite

Less coordination

Difficulty concentrating

Intermittent confusion

Impairment of short term

memory

Amotivational syndrome


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Marijuana

Health Risks Atrophy of brain

Decreased resistance to infectious disease

Chronic bronchitis

Lung cancer

Possibly sterility and

impotence


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Opioids

Heroin Injected, smoked, or snorted

Opium Swallowed or smoked


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Opioids

Acute Effects Euphoria

Drowsiness

Impaired coordination

Dizziness

Confusion

Nausea

Sedation

Feeling of heaviness in body

Slow or arrested breathing


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Opioids

Health Risks

Constipation

Endocarditis

Hepatitis

HIV

Addiction

Fatal overdose


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Stimulants

Cocaine Snorted, smoked, or injected

Methamphetamine Swallowed, smoked, snorted,

injected


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Stimulants

Acute Effects Tachycardia

Increased blood pressure, body temperature, and metabolism

Feelings of exhilaration

Increased energy

Mental alertness

Tremors

Reduced appetite

Irritability Anxiety

Panic

Paranoia

Violent Behavior

Psychosis


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Stimulants

Health Risks Weight loss

Insomnia

Cardiac/Cardiovascular complications

Strokes

Seizures

Addiction

Nasal damage from

snorting

Severe dental problems

Fatal Overdose


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Club Drugs

MDMA or Ecstasy Swallowed, snorted, injected

Flunitrazepam Swallowed or snorted

GHB (Date Rage Drug) Swallowed


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Club Drugs

Acute Effects Hallucinogenic effects

Increased Tactile Sensitivity

Empathetic feelings Lowered inhibition

Anxiety, chills, sweating

Teeth clenching

Muscle cramping

Sedation

Muscle relaxation

Confusion

Memory loss


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Club Drugs

Health Risks Sleep Disturbances

Depression

Impaired memory

Hyperthermia

Addiction

Unconsciousness

Seizures

Coma

Fatal Overdose


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Hallucinogens

LSD Swallowed, absorbed through mouth tissues

Psilocybin Swallowed


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Hallucinogens

Acute Effects Altered states of perception and feeling

Hallucinations

Nausea Increased body temp, heart rate, blood pressure

Loss of appetite

Sweating

Sleeplessness

Impulsive behavior

Rapid shifts in emotion

Nervousness

Paranoia


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Hallucinogens

Health Risks Flashbacks

Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder

Fatal overdose

Heart attack

Stroke

Respiratory failure


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Tobacco

4,ooo chemicals in cigarette smoke

Tar: dark, gummy brown mixture

of chemicals containing carcinogenic

agents

Nicotine: stimulant

Carbon Monoxide gas: destroys hemoglobin molecule

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS): Carcinogen

Sidestream smoke- smoke from end of a burning cigarette

Mainstream smoke- has been filtered either from cigarettes filteror from smokers lung


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Tobacco

Acute Effects Fatigue

Insomnia

Diarrhea

Impaired visual acuity


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Tobacco

Health Risks Lung cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Respiratory problems (emphysema)

Reduced life expectancy

Lower quality of life

Higher rates of acute and chronic disease

For Women Cervical cancer

Double chance of miscarriage

Increased risk of melanoma

Higher risk for infections


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The HelplineActivity


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What Can I Do ? Communicate your concern

Provide information about treatment options

Offer your support

Talk with an experienced counselor

Intervention

Reduce enabling behaviors


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If someone you know is or maybe addicted to a drug or alcohol,tell them to seek help and call a

local drug helpline. Drugaddictions are very serious and

should be dealt with at the firstsign before its too late.


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References

http://www.ncsacw.samhsa.gov/files/SAFERR_AppendixE.pdf

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/drug-addiction/DS00183/DSECTION=risk-factors

http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/nationwide-trends

http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/AboutCholesterol/Go

od-vs-Bad-Cholesterol_UCM_305561_Article.jsp

http://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/commonly-abused-drugs/commonly-

abused-drugs-chart
http://www.ncsacw.samhsa.gov/files/SAFERR_AppendixE.pdfhttp://www.mayoclinic.com/health/drug-addiction/DS00183/DSECTION=risk-factorshttp://www.mayoclinic.com/health/drug-addiction/DS00183/DSECTION=risk-factorshttp://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/nationwide-trendshttp://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/AboutCholesterol/Good-vs-Bad-Cholesterol_UCM_305561_Article.jsphttp://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/AboutCholesterol/Good-vs-Bad-Cholesterol_UCM_305561_Article.jsphttp://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/commonly-abused-drugs/commonly-abused-drugs-charthttp://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/commonly-abused-drugs/commonly-abused-drugs-charthttp://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/commonly-abused-drugs/commonly-abused-drugs-charthttp://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/commonly-abused-drugs/commonly-abused-drugs-charthttp://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/commonly-abused-drugs/commonly-abused-drugs-charthttp://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/commonly-abused-drugs/commonly-abused-drugs-charthttp://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/commonly-abused-drugs/commonly-abused-drugs-charthttp://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/commonly-abused-drugs/commonly-abused-drugs-charthttp://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/commonly-abused-drugs/commonly-abused-drugs-charthttp://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/commonly-abused-drugs/commonly-abused-drugs-charthttp://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/commonly-abused-drugs/commonly-abused-drugs-charthttp://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/commonly-abused-drugs/commonly-abused-drugs-charthttp://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/commonly-abused-drugs/commonly-abused-drugs-charthttp://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/commonly-abused-drugs/commonly-abused-drugs-charthttp://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/commonly-abused-drugs/commonly-abused-drugs-charthttp://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/commonly-abused-drugs/commonly-abused-drugs-charthttp://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/commonly-abused-drugs/commonly-abused-drugs-charthttp://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/commonly-abused-drugs/commonly-abused-drugs-charthttp://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/AboutCholesterol/Good-vs-Bad-Cholesterol_UCM_305561_Article.jsphttp://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/AboutCholesterol/Good-vs-Bad-Cholesterol_UCM_305561_Article.jsphttp://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/AboutCholesterol/Good-vs-Bad-Cholesterol_UCM_305561_Article.jsphttp://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/AboutCholesterol/Good-vs-Bad-Cholesterol_UCM_305561_Article.jsphttp://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/AboutCholesterol/Good-vs-Bad-Cholesterol_UCM_305561_Article.jsphttp://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/AboutCholesterol/Good-vs-Bad-Cholesterol_UCM_305561_Article.jsphttp://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/AboutCholesterol/Good-vs-Bad-Cholesterol_UCM_305561_Article.jsphttp://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/AboutCholesterol/Good-vs-Bad-Cholesterol_UCM_305561_Article.jsphttp://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/AboutCholesterol/Good-vs-Bad-Cholesterol_UCM_305561_Article.jsphttp://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/AboutCholesterol/Good-vs-Bad-Cholesterol_UCM_305561_Article.jsphttp://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/nationwide-trendshttp://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/nationwide-trendshttp://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/nationwide-trendshttp://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/nationwide-trendshttp://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/nationwide-trendshttp://www.mayoclinic.com/health/drug-addiction/DS00183/DSECTION=risk-factorshttp://www.mayoclinic.com/health/drug-addiction/DS00183/DSECTION=risk-factorshttp://www.mayoclinic.com/health/drug-addiction/DS00183/DSECTION=risk-factorshttp://www.mayoclinic.com/health/drug-addiction/DS00183/DSECTION=risk-factorshttp://www.mayoclinic.com/health/drug-addiction/DS00183/DSECTION=risk-factorshttp://www.mayoclinic.com/health/drug-addiction/DS00183/DSECTION=risk-factorshttp://www.mayoclinic.com/health/drug-addiction/DS00183/DSECTION=risk-factorshttp://www.ncsacw.samhsa.gov/files/SAFERR_AppendixE.pdfhttp://www.ncsacw.samhsa.gov/files/SAFERR_AppendixE.pdfhttp://www.ncsacw.samhsa.gov/files/SAFERR_AppendixE.pdf

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Substance Use & Abuse Fall 2013