Upload
regina-jones
View
241
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Sub-Saharan Africa
Countries for the Political Map Quiz
Mali Somalia Niger Malawi Chad Botswana Cameroon Zimbabwe Senegal South Africa Liberia Lesotho Togo Madagascar Democratic Rep. of the Congo Mozambique Tanzania Uganda Ethiopia Nigeria Sierra Leone Kenya Angola
Facts
2nd largest continent
Known as the “Plateau Continent”
Most of Africa is covered by a huge plateau
Several basins (depressions) lie throughout the plateau
Important Physical Features
1. Nile River Flows through Egypt; over 4,100 miles
long– Numerous cataracts, rapids, & waterfalls
makes transportation via rivers difficult
2. Rift Valleys (East Africa)3. Mount Kilimanjaro4. Escarpments (Great Escarpment)
Features Continued
At the bottom of rift valleys are clusters of lakes
Examples: Lake Tanganyika
– World’s largest freshwater lake Lake Victoria
– Africa’s largest lake
Africa’s Resources
Mineral resources makes Africa one of the richest continents
Examples: gold, platinum, copper, cobalt, phosphates, diamonds
Oil & Coffee in Africa
Nigeria, Algeria, Angola, & Libya
– Leading petroleum producers
– Produce about 7% of world’s oil
Coffee: – 2nd most profitable
commodity– Africa grows 20% of
the world’s supply Lumber & chocolate are
also major commodities
Importance of Agriculture
Agriculture = single most important economic activity in Africa
66% earn their living from farming– Accounts for 1/3 of Africa's exports
Climate & Vegetation
Majority of Africa is between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn
The equator runs through the middle of the continent
Africa = warm temperatures
8 climate regions are found in Africa
Which is found the most?– Desert
Exs: Sahara, Sahel, Kalahari, and Namib
Travel is risky due to EXTREME conditions
Rainfall?
Matter of EXTREMES– Some areas receive too much, while other
too little Closer to equator = longer rainy season Closer to desert = longer dry season MOST RAIN:
– Rainforest in Central Africa & Africa’s west coast
Serengeti Plain
Grassland area in northern Tanzania– Very dry with
few trees
– Lots of animal life
DesertificationWhen the land becomes so dry
that it turns into deserts
Desertification
Aswan High Dam
Built to control cycle of floods and droughts throughout Egypt
= regular supply of water for farmers
Problems with the Aswan High Dam
1. Relocation of people
2. Moving/destruction of ancient Egypt’s treasure (temples/pyramids)
3. Decreased fertility of soil
4. Increased rate of diseases, such as Malaria
Vocabulary Time!!!
Define the following words on the RIGHT side of your notebook; Draw pictures on the LEFT side
Rift Valley -Pandemic Basin -Stateless Society Escarpment -Aquifer Serengeti Plain -Bantu Migrations Sahel -Cash Crop Desertification -Commodity Aswan High Dam -Apartheid Silt -Canopy Genocide
4 Regions
1. East
2. Central
3. Western
4. South
East Africa’s Aksum
Aksum (important East African civilization)– Important trading
center; contributed to expansion and power (traded w/Egypt)
6th Century: Aksum lost many trade partners….empire began to weaken
European Colonization
The Slave Trade * Existed for centuries, Europeans
dramatically increased the traffic * Middle Passage- slave trade from
Africa to New World ( N. America) * Many died during this trip across the
Atlantic
Scramble for Africa
European powers divide Africa
All Countries were controlled by Europeans, except Liberia and Ethiopia (independent)– Nations =
independence in the mid 1900’s
Ethiopia
Not colonized by Europeans
Emperor Menelik II kept the country independent.
* Political boundaries made by Europeans caused ethnic conflict (2 opposing groups occupying same land)
* Left many regions under developed
Colonial Legacy
The Masai of Kenya
Ethnic group
Found in the grasslands of the rift valley
Herd livestock
West African Empires
Ethnic Groups
Ashanti– Kente cloth weaving
Bantu Migrations: Central Africa
South Africa
White dominated government enforced the policy of apartheid (strict separation of the races)
**Blacks lived in separate areas **No political rightsApartheid ended in 1991
Mandela
In 1994, held first election following policy of universal suffrage
Nelson Mandela was elected 1st black president of South Africa