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STUDY GUIDE
Felipe Ortiz
Bryanna Leal
Lucas Carus
SUSPENSE
S
uspense is the quality of a literary work that make the reader
or viewer not sure about the outcome of events.
S
uspense makes the reader ask "What will happen next?".
Suspense is greatest when it focuses attention on a
sympathetic character.
SUSPENSE
This relates to why the most usual and common, kind of suspense is that which leads this character into the verge of a change in action, leaving the reader/viewer gasping for more.
There is also the kind of suspense which is acted upon by a chain of events all leading to one conclusion which would then cause the audience to ask themselves “ What will happen Next?”
AS SEEN IN
T
his is very popularly seen in movies and novels used in many
different occasions and in many different ways.
T
his is seen in such popular movies as Buried, Inception, The
Prestige, Shutter Island, and many more.
I
ts also seen in such novels as The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets
Nest, and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo .
MYSTERY VS. SUSPENSE
M
ystery and suspense are two particularly very
different things that happen to be confused very
often, but instead of explaining their differences, I
thought that who better to do so than movie
extraordinaire Alfred Hitchcock.
h
ttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Xs111uH9ss
AN EXAMPLE OF SUSPENSE IN A THEATRICAL ASPECT
h
ttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCRQQCKS7go
REFRAIN
T
he word 'Refrain' derives from the Old French word
“refraindre” meaning to repeat. Refrain Poetry Term is a
phrase, line, or group of lines that is repeated
throughout a poem, usually after each stanza. A famous
example of a refrain are the words " Nothing More" and
“Nevermore” which are repeated in “The Raven” by
Edgar Allan Poe.
STEPHEN CRANE
B
orn Nov. 1, 1871 Newark, N.J., U.S. Died June 5, 1900,
Badenweiler, Baden, Ger. American novelist, poet, and
short-story writer.
B
est known for his novels Maggie: A Girl of the Streets
(1893) and The Red Badge of Courage (1895) and the
short stories “The Open Boat,” “The Bride Comes to
Yellow Sky,” and “The Blue Hotel.”
STEPHEN CRANE
C
rane spent less than two years at college and then went to New
York City to live in a medical students' boardinghouse while
freelancing his way to a literary career. While alternating
bohemian student life and explorations of the Bowery slums with
visits to genteel relatives in the country near Port Jervis, N.Y.,
Crane wrote his first book, Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (1893), a
sympathetic study of an innocent and abused slum girl's descent
into prostitution and her eventual suicide.
STEPHEN CRANE
P
rolific throughout his short life, he wrote notable
works in the Realist tradition as well as early
examples of American Naturalism and
Impressionism. He is recognized by modern critics
as one of the most innovative writers of his
generation.
STEPHEN CRANE
I
n 1896, Crane endured a highly publicized scandal after
acting as witness for a suspected prostitute. Late that
year he accepted an offer to cover the Spanish-American
War as a war correspondent.
T
hese two small events were part influence for having
written “War is Kind” and “A Mystery of Heroism”.
STEPHEN CRANE
P
lagued by financial difficulties and ill health, Crane died of
tuberculosis in a Black Forest sanatorium at the age of 28.
A
t the time of his death, Crane had become an important
figure in American literature. He was nearly forgotten,
however, until two decades later when critics revived
interest in his life and work.
STEPHEN CRANE
S
tephen Crane's fiction is typically categorized as representative of
Naturalism, Realism, Impressionism or a mixture of the three.
C
rane's work cannot be determined by style solely on chronology. Not
only does his fiction not take place in any particular region with similar
characters, but it varies from serious in tone to reportorial writing and
light fiction. Crane's writing, both fiction and nonfiction, is consistently
driven by immediacy and is at once concentrated, vivid and intense.
STEPHEN CRANE
Crane ignored the romantic, sentimental approach of
slum fiction and instead concentrated on the
cruelness and sordidness of poverty, using the
brashness of the Bowery's crude dialect and
profanity.
A MYSTERY OF HEROISM
A
Mystery of Heroism is about Fred Collins whom is in the
middle of a battle during a war, people are dying around him
and the ground is being dug up by explosive shells when he
says he wants a drink of water from a well in the middle of the
battle field. The other man of the company mock him to go get
a drink if he is so thirsty, and eventually he something in him
decides he will get a drink from the well, and he takes off to get
the water.
A MYSTERY OF HEROISM
C
haracter:
F
red Collins - soldier that decides he will get a drink
from a well in the middle of a battle field
A MYSTERY OF HEROISM
•
The battle is in full force with the shells landing close to the infantry
•
Collins says he is thirsty, wonders if there is water anywhere
•
An officer remarks that "they couldn't shoot any harder if the whole army was
massed here!"; An officer is shot on his horse in the middle of the battle field
trying to get orders out to another commander
•
Collins says he sees a well in the middle of the battle field and when asked
how he will get there by his comrades he states he will if his comrades don't
quit harassing him about it
A MYSTERY OF HEROISM
•
The fellow soldiers do not stop giving Collins a hard time about getting the
water so he goes and ask permission from his captain to go
•
The captain gives Collins permission not knowing whether Collins wanted to
really go or not
•
Collins is told if he goes to bring some extra canteens
•
Getting ready to go Collins does not feel any fear, Collins thinks this is what
heroes feel like, but says he cannot be a hero because he has done things
wrong in his life
A MYSTERY OF HEROISM
•
Collins runs through the field and gets to the well, he
begins to get scared when he fills the water into the
canteens because it takes so long for them to fill up
•
Collins sees a bucket and decides he will fill the bucket
instead and then begins to run through the field back to the
infantry
A MYSTERY OF HEROISM
•
On the way back through the battle field Collins hears the
fallen officer that is going to die ask for water, Collins says
he cannot stop but after running by the officer Collins turns
around and gives the man a drink
•
Upon returning to the infantry he gives the bucket of water
to the comrades who drop it on the ground
A MYSTERY OF HEROISM
•
The well is in the middle of a battlefield with artillery shells exploding all around it
•
Collins decides to go for the water because his comrades keep saying he would
not get it; Collins is upset though because "he was an intruder in the land of fine
deeds" ; heroes were not supposed to have any "shames" in there life
•
Collins first denies the soldier out of fear for his own life, then turns around after
the officers head "sinks" down; the officers death is imminent
•
After giving the officer water; the officer makes a sigh like a child; The officer is
most likely thankful he was able to get some comfort before he died
WAR IS KIND
D
o not weep, maiden, for war is kind.
B
ecause your lover threw wild hands toward the sky
A
nd the affrighted steed ran on alone,
D
o not weep.
W
ar is kind.
WAR IS KIND
Hoarse, booming drums of the regiment
Little souls who thirst for fight,
These men were born to drill and die
The unexplained glory flies above them
Great is the battle-god, great, and his kingdom--
A field where a thousand corpses lie.
WAR IS KIND
D
o not weep, babe, for war is kind.
B
ecause your father tumbled in the yellow trenches,
R
aged at his breast, gulped and died,
D
o not weep.
W
ar is kind.
WAR IS KIND
S
wift, blazing flag of the regiment
Eagle with crest of red and gold,
These men were born to drill and die
Point for them the virtue of slaughter
Make plain to them the excellence of killing
And a field where a thousand corpses lie.
WAR IS KIND
M
other whose heart hung humble as a button
O
n the bright splendid shroud of your son,
D
o not weep.
W
ar is kind.
WAR IS KIND
T
he refrain commonly used in this poem is “war is kind”. The
language of the first, third, and fifths stanzas is plain and closer
to everyday speech, while the language of the indented second
and fourth stanzas is embellished and inflated, and uses more
formal verse conventions such as end rhyme. The contrast
between these two styles adds to the poem's complexity, and
furthers the author's intention to deflate the idea of romantic
heroism in all of its guises.
WAR IS KIND
T
he title alerts us to the ironic tone of the poem, as it is very
difficult to imagine war being kind in any way. The opening
stanza confirms that tone, as it addresses the lover of a soldier
who has died in battle, telling her not to weep at his death. We
are then presented a melodramatic image of that death, with
the dying soldier throwing his "wild hands towards the sky/
And ... his affrighted steed ... running on alone."
WAR IS KIND
T
he speaker presents more generalized images and
statements about war, as opposed to the close-up
image in the opening stanza. These lines convey a
sense of the soldiers' exhaustion, futility, and
resignation, as they fight with the flag ("unexplained
glory") flying overhead.
WAR IS KIND
I
t’s about war and its aftermath. In twenty-six lines, the persona
of the poem addresses the loved ones of the soldiers who died
on the battlefield amid mayhem and chaos. Crane’s use of
blank verse is well suited for the subject of war because it lacks
the harmonious patterns of rhyme and meter. The poem is
composed of five stanzas, and the indented beginning of the
second and fourth stanzas characterize a change in setting.
REVIEW
S
uspense is the quality of a literary work that make the reader or
viewer not sure about the outcome of events.
T
rue or false?
T
rue
M
ystery and suspense are the exact same thing and differentiating
them is not an issue.
T
rue or false?
F
alse
R
efrain is a phrase, line, or group of lines that is repeated
throughout a poem, usually after each stanza.
T
rue or false?
T
rue
N
othing in Stephen Crane’s life influenced him to write any of his
stories.
T
rue or false?
F
alse
S
tephen Crane’s work was forgotten but then became popular
again after his death.
T
rue or false?
T
rue.
S
tephen Crane died of tuberculosis at the age of 25.
T
rue or false?
F
alse
A
Mystery of Heroism is a story about a man who wants to get a
drink of water from a well in the middle of a war.
T
rue or false?
T
rue
T
he refrain commonly used in “War is Kind” is “do not weep, war
is kind”
T
rue or false?
T
rue
“
War is Kind” uses imagery to present a visibly image of war and
its sad difficulties.
T
rue or false?
T
rue.
