Students’ Handbook

B.Tech

Mechanical Engineering

Semester-V

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, Ambala (Affiliated With)

Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra

Vision of the Institute

To become a source of technology and start an Incubation Centre for entrepreneurs resulting in

this region developing into a vibrant industrial hub with many startup companies dealing with

new technology.

Mission of the Institute

1. To impart quality engineering education to students through quality teaching, hands on

training, and applied research in practical and product oriented projects.

2. To impart such education those passing out students are ready with good theoretical and

practical knowledge to suite the current need of industry.

3. To expose students to applied research, especially the fact that research does not require

much money but does require great persistence.

4. To sow the seed of entrepreneurship in them so that our engineers become job providers and

not job seekers.

5. To train students as a complete person through extracurricular activities and with an exposure

to a transparent system based on ethics so that they believe that a successful institution and a

successful business can be run with ethics without corruption.

Mechanical Engineering Deptt.

Vision of the Department

To develop the next generation of professionals in Mechanical Engineering by providing best of

teaching and practical learning approach.

Mission of the Department

The mission of the ACE Mechanical Engineering Department is to

I. Constantly strive to improve instructive methods employed in delivering the Mechanical

Engineering academic programmes.

II. Prepare effective, responsible and skilled engineering professionals.

III. Participate in research and development activities for contribution in industrial up gradation

and strengthening the industry - institute relationship.

IV. Cultivate the spirit of entrepreneurship among students.

PEOs of Mechanical Engineering Department

PEO-1, To make students capable of applying the fundamentals of mathematics, basic

sciences, humanities, technical arts and engineering sciences in solving engineering

problems.

PEO-2, To develop analytical skills in mechanical engineering students for solving

engineering problems.

PEO-3, To impart knowledge to students about design methodologies in thermo fluids,

materials and engineering systems using latest design tools.

PEO-4, To make the students familiar about latest technologies in all mechanical

engineering fields for meeting societal needs in a cost effective manner.

PEO-5, To encourage students to acquire managerial and entrepreneurial skills and to take

innovative and research oriented projects.

POs of Mechanical Engineering Department

The outcomes we desire are that our graduates demonstrate:

a) An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering to mechanical

engineering problems.

b) An ability to conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data.

c) An ability to design systems, components, or processes to meet desired needs.

d) An ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams.

e) An ability to identify, formulates, and solves engineering problems.

f) An understanding of professional and ethical responsibility.

g) An ability to communicate effectively with written, oral, and visual means.

h) The broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a

societal and global societal.

i) Recognition of the need for and an ability to engage in life-long learning.

j) Knowledge of contemporary issues.

k) An ability to use modern engineering techniques, skills, and computational tools

necessary for engineering practice.

l) An ability to work professionally in both thermal, design and production engineering

areas.

m) An ability to act as Entrepreneur.

Scheme of Examination

B.Tech 5th

Sem (Mechanical Engineering)

S.

N

o

Subjects

Name Code

Teaching Schedule

(Hrs) Examination Schedule (Marks)

Total

Mark

s

Duratio

n of

Exam

(Hrs)

L T

P/

D

Tota

l Sessiona

l

Theor

y

Practical/viva

-voce

1

I.C.

Engine &

Gas

Turbine

ME 301E 3 1 ---- 4 50 100 ---- 150 333

2 Fluid Machines ME 303 E 3 1 ---- 4 50 100 ---- 150 3

3 Heat

Transfer ME 305 E 3 1 ---- 4 50 100 ---- 150 3

4

Industrial

Engineeri

ng

ME 307 E 3 1 ---- 4 50 100 ---- 150 3

5 Machine

Design – 1 ME 309 E 2 -- 5 7 50 100 ---- 150 3

6

Steam

Generatio

n & Power

ME 311 E 3 1 ---- 4 25 100 ---- 125 3

7

Thermal

Engineeri

ng (PR)

ME 313 E - - 2 2 25 ---- 25 50 3

8

Fluid

Machines

(PR)

ME 315 E - - 2 2 25 ---- 25 50 3

9

Heat

Transfer

(PR)

ME 317 E - - 2 2 25 ---- 25 50 3

10

Industrial

Engineeri

ng

ME 319 E - - 2 2 25 ---- 25 50 3

11

Machine

Design – I

(Viva-

voce)

ME 321 E - - ---- ---- ----- ---- 25 25 3

12 Vocationa

l Training ME 323 E - - ---- ---- 50 ---- ----- 50 ----

Total 17 5 13 35 425 600 125 1150

Note: Students will be allowed to use Non-Programmable scientific calculator. However, sharing of calculator

will not be permitted.

Duration of theory as well as practical exams time is three hrs for all courses.

I.C. Engine and Gas Turbines (ME-301E)

Course Educational Objectives (CEOs) :-

1. To impart knowledge to students about the internal combustion engines.

2. To make the students learn the mathematical analysis of different cycles on which these engines and gas turbine

works.

3. To give knowledge to students regarding the functioning of different components of I.C. engine power plant.

4. To educate the students regarding the combustion phenomena in engines.

5. To make the students capable of evaluating the various performance parameters of the engine and doing basic

engine measurements.

6. To make the students learn the working and capable of doing mathematical analysis of reciprocating

compressors and gas turbines of different types.

7. To make the students aware about the pollutants from engines, their current scenario and its control methods.

Course Outcomes (COs) :-

i. Students will acquire the basic knowledge of the working of the engine, turbine and compressors.

ii. Students will be able to solve the basic engineering problems related to engines, gas turbines and compressors

and can perform experiments on engines and compressors.

iii. Students will learn in detail the working of different components of I.C. engine power plant such as cooling

system, lubricating system, ignition system, fuel supply system.

iv. Students will gain the knowledge about the combustion phenomena of both the diesel and petrol engines and

also the factors that are responsible for abnormal combustion in them

v. Students will learn about the emissions from the engines, their effect on environment and health and their

control methods.

I.C.ENGINE AND GAS TURBINES ME 301 E

L T P/D Total Theory: 100 Marks

3 1 - 4 Sessional: 50 marks

Duration of Exam: 03 hours

UNIT 1

Heat engines; Internal and external combustion engines; Classification of I.C. Engines; Cycle of operations in four

strokes and two-stroke IC engines; Wankle Engine.

Assumptions made in air standard cycles; Otto cycle; Diesel cycle; Dual combustion cycle; Comparison of Otto,

diesel and dual combustion cycles; Sterling and Ericsson cycles; Air standard efficiency, Specific work output.

Specific weight; Work ratio; Mean effective pressure; Deviation of actual engine cycle from ideal cycle.

UNIT II Mixture requirements for various operating conditions in S.I. Engines; Elementary carburetor, Calculation of fuel air

ratio; The complete carburetor; Requirements of a diesel injection system; Type of injection system; Petrol injection;

Requirements of ignition system; Types of ignition systems, ignition timing; Spark plugs.

S.I. engines; Ignition limits; Stages of combustion in S. I. Engines; Ignition lag; Velocity of flame propagation;

Detonation; Effects of engine variables on detonation; Theories of detonation; Octane rating of fuels; Pre-ignition;

S.I. engine combustion chambers. Stages of combustion in C.I. Engines; Delay period; Variables affecting delay

period; Knock in C.I. Engines; Cetane rating; C.I. Engine combustion chambers.

UNIT III

Functions of a lubricating system, Types of lubrication system; Mist, Wet sump and dry sump systems; Properties of

lubricating oil; SAE rating of lubricants; Engine performance and lubrication; Necessity of engine cooling;

Disadvantages of overcooling; Cooling systems; Air-cooling, Water-cooling; Radiators.

Performance parameters; BHP, IHP, Mechanical efficiency; Brake mean effective pressure and indicative mean

effective pressure, Torque, Volumetric efficiency; Specific fuel consumption (BSFG, ISFC); Thermal efficiency;

Heat balance; Basic engine measurements; Fuel and air consumption, Brake power, Indicated power and friction

power, Heat lost to coolant and exhaust gases; Performance curves;

UNIT IV

Pollutants from S.I. and C.I. Engines; Methods of emission control, Alternative fuels for I.C. Engines; The current

scenario on the pollution front.

Working of a single stage reciprocating air compressor; Calculation of work input; Volumetric efficiency;

Isothermal efficiency; Advantages of multi stage compression; Two stage compressor with inter-cooling; Perfect

inter cooling; Optimum intercooler pressure; Rotary air compressors and their applications; Isentropic efficiency.

Brayton cycle; Components of a gas turbine plant; Open and closed types of gas turbine plants; Optimum pressure

ratio; Improvements of the basic gas turbine cycle; Multi stage compression with inter-cooling; Multi stage

expansion with reheating between stages; Exhaust gas heat exchanger; Application of gas turbines.

Recommended books

Internal combustion engine by Ramalingam scitech publication

Internal combustion engine by Ganeshan TMG

Internal combustion engine by Mathur & Sharma

Heat power engineering by Dr. V.P. Vasandhani & Dr. D.S. Kumar

NOTE: In the semester examination, the examiner will set 8 questions in all, at least two question from each

unit, and students will be required to attempt only 5 questions, at least one from each unit.

Lecture No Lecture Topic

1. Heat Engines, Internal & External Combustion Engines, Classification of Engines.

2. Four Stroke Spark Ignition Engines & Compression Ignition Engines.

3. Two Stroke Spark Ignition Engines & Compression Ignition Engines.

4. Wankel Engine.

5. Air Standard Cycle Assumptions & Otto Cycle.

6. Diesel Cycle & dual Cycle.

7. Comparison of Otto Cycle, Diesel Cycle & Dual Cycle.

8. Sterling Cycle.

9. Ericson Cycle.

10. Air Standard Efficiency, Specific Work Output, Work Ratio, Specific Weight.

11. Mean Effective Pressure of Otto Cycle, Diesel Cycle & Dual Cycle.

12. Deviation of Actual Engine Cycle From Ideal- Petrol & Diesel Engines.

13. Mixture Requirement For S.I Engine.

14. Elementary Carburetor & Fuel-Air Ratio.

15. Complete Carburetor.

16. Requirement of Diesel Injection, Types of Injection.

17. Petrol Injection.

18. Ignition Systems- Magneto, Battery; Spark Plug.

19. Ignition Timings.

20. Ignition Limits in S.I Engines.

21. Stages Of Combustion in S.I Engine- Ignition Lag & Flame Propagation.

22. Detonation- Reasons, Effect of Engine Variables, Theory of Detonation.

23. Preignition, S.I Combustion Chambers.

24. Octane Rating.

25. Stages Of Combustion in C.I Engine, Delay Period, Variables affecting delay period.

26. Knock in C.I Engines, Cetane Rating.

27. C.I Combustion Chambers.

28. Lubricating system- Functions & Requirements.

29. Mist, Wet Sump, Dry Sump Systems.

30. Properties of Lubricating Oil, SAE Rating, Engine Performance & Lubrication.

31. Engine Cooling- Necessity, Cooling System- Air & Water; Radiators, Overcooling.

32. Performance of Engines.

33. Brake Power, Indicated Power, Morse Test, Heat balance, Performance Curves.

34. Brayton Cycle, Open & Closed type of Gas Turbine; Optimum Pressure Ratio.

35. Improvement of Basic Cycle, Multistage Compression, Intercooling, Reheating, Regeneration.

36. Reciprocating Air Compressor, Single stage, Multi stage, intercooling, Optimum Intercooler

Pressure.

37. Compressor Calculations, Effect of Clearance, Volumetric & Isothermal Efficiency.

38. Rotary Air Compressors & Applications.

39. Pollutants & Emission control in S.I & C.I Engines.

40. Pollution Norms upto Euro IV, Alternate Fuels.

TUTORIAL SHEET NO 1

1. What is a heat engine? Distinguish between External Combustion Engines and Internal Combustion Engines,

giving two examples of each.

2. What are the assumptions made in deriving air standard efficiencies of thermodynamic cycles. What are its

limitations?

3. Give at least ten ways in which I.C. Engine can be classified.

4. With the help of neat sketches, explain the actual sequence of events in the cylinder of a petrol engine

working on a four stroke cycle.

5. Show the air-standard otto cycle on p-v and T-S diagrams. Derive an expression for air standard (thermal)

efficiency of otto cycle.

6. Define mean effective pressure. Derive an expression for mean effective pressure of an otto cycle. Show

the cycle on p-v and T-S diagrams. What are the numerical values for actual petrol engine.

7. In an air standard otto cycle, compression ratio is 8, pressure and temperature at the beginning of

compression are 1 bar and 27º C respectively. Maximum cycle pressure is 40 bar. Calculate (i) Air standard

efficiency, (ii) Maximum cycle temperature, (iii) Heat supplied per kg of air and (iv) Work done per kg of

air. Show the cycle in p-v and T-S diagram and state assumptions made.

For Air, Take Cv = 0.7175 KJ/Kg K and γ = 1.

8. Explain with sketches the working of Wankel Engine. Discuss its advantage and disadvantages with respect

to conventional I.C. Engine.

TUTORIAL SHEET NO 2

1. Draw valve timing diagrams of a four stroke CI engine and explain the reasons for keeping these timings.

2. An ideal diesel engine has a diameter of 150 mm and stroke of 200 mm. The clearance volume is 10% of

the stroke volume. Cut off is at 6% of stroke. Determine Compression ration and air standard efficiency.

Take γ = 1.4.

3. Compare S.I. Engine with C.I. Engine. Give at least 20 points.

4. Derive an expression for the efficiency of a dual combustion cycle. Show the cycle on p-v and T-S

diagram.

5. An engine working on a dual combustion cycle has a pressure of 1 bar and 50ºC before compression. The

air is then compressed isentropically to 1/15th

of the original volume. The max. pressure is twice that of the

pressure at the end of isentropic compression. Take cut off ration as 2.0. Determine the temperature at the

end of each process, the ideal efficiency and mean effective pressure of the cycle. Take Cp = 1.005 KJ/Kg

K, Cv = 0.717 KJ/Kg K and γ = 1.4.

6. In a diesel engine air standard cycle analysis, the compression ratio is 14:1, pressure at the end of suction

stroke is 0.95 bar, the expansion ratio is 5:1, determine, (i) Pressure at the beginning and end of the stroke,

(ii) the mean effective pressure, (iii) the power developed if bore is 25 cm and stroke is 40 cm, engine is 4

stroke and runs at 1000 rpm, (iv) Air Standard efficiency.

For air, Cp = 1.005 KJ/Kg K and γ = 1.4.

TUTORIAL SHEET NO 3

1. In an otto cycle, air at 0.95 bar and 290 K is compressed isentropically until the pressure is 14 bar. Heat is

added at constant volume till the pressure rises to 38 bar. Calculate (i) Compression Ration, (ii) Max. Cycle

Temperature, (iii) Heat Supplied, (iv) Air Standard Efficiency, (v) Mean effective pressure. Take Cv = 0.717

KJ/Kg K, Ro = 8.314 KJ/Kg mole K.

2. Explain the neat sketches the working of a two stroke S.I. Engine and discuss its advantage and

disadvantages with a four stroke S.I. Engine.

3. Explain the reasons for the discrepancy between the actual thermal efficiency of a petrol engine and the

value predicted by air standard otto cycle analysis.

4. Derive an expression for air standard efficiency and MEP of a diesel cycle. Show the cycle on p-v and T-S

diagrams. What are the actual values of MEP for C.I. Engines.

5. In an air standard diesel cycle, the compression ratio is 15:1, the heat transfer is 1465 KJ/Kg of air. Find the

pressure and temperature at the end of each process and determine the cycle efficiency. What is the mean

effective pressure of the cycle if the inlet conditions are 1 bar and 300 K. Assume suitable data for specific

heat values.

6. Derive an expression for MEP of a dual combustion cycle.

7. A single cylinder four stroke diesel engine working on dual combustion cycle has a compression ration of

15:1. The engine draws in air at 1 bar and 27ºC and maximum volume is twice that at constant pressure.

Determine (i) The pressure ration of constant volume process, (ii) the cut off ration, (iii) The thermal

efficiency of ideal cycle. Take Cp= 1.005 KJ/Kg K, Cv = 0.718 KJ/Kg K and γ = 1.4.

8. Compare the efficiencies of otto, diesel and dual cycles for (i) same compression ratio and heat input, (ii)

same max pressure and heat input, (iii) same max. pressure and temperature.

9. Two engines are operating on otto and diesel cycles respectively with the following cycles:

Max. Temp. = 1500 K

Exhaust Temp. = 700 K

Ambient Conditions = 1 bar, 300 K

Compare the compression ratio, max. pressure and efficiencies of two cycles.

TUTORIAL SHEET NO 4

1. What are the mixture requirements for various operating conditions in S.I. engine. Explain with the help of

graph between vehicle speed and air-fuel ratio.

2. Define: air-fuel ratio, fuel-air ratio, stoichometric ratio, equivalence ratio, power mixture, economy

mixture, accelerating conditions, idling conditions, starting and warm up.

3. What is the function of a carburetor in an S.I. Engine? Explain with a sketch the operation of a simple float

type carburetor.

4. What are the limitations of a simple carburetor in meeting the A/F ratio requirements of a petrol engine

under all operating conditions. Explain how these limitations can be overcome by an appropriate

modification.

5. A simple jet carburetor is required to supply 6 kg of air per minute and 0.45 kg of petrol of density 740

Kg/m³. The air is initially at 1.013 bar and 27º C. Calculate the throat diameter of the choke for a flow

velocity of 91m/s. Velocity coefficient = 0.8. If the pressure drop across the fuel metering orifice is 0.75 of

that at choke, calculate orifice diameter assuming Cd = 0.6.

6. Explain with a neat sketch, the construction and working of any complete carburetor (SU, Carter, Solex,

Zenith).

7. Describe the idling system of a carburetor. Why a rich mixture is required for idling?

8. Describe the accelerating system of a carburetor. Why a rich mixture is required for maximum power?

9. What is detonation? Explain the phenomena of detonation in case of S.I engines.

10. Discuss the effect of compression ratio, ignition advance, engine load, engine size, location of spark plug

on detonation in S.I Engines.

TUTORIAL SHEET NO 5

1. What is petrol injection? What are its advantages and disadvantages?

2. What are the disadvantages of a carburetor used in S.I. Engine? How are these overcome by a multi-point

fuel injection system?

3. Explain continuous injection system and timed injection system.

4. What are the requirements of a diesel fuel injection system?

5. Describe with sketches (i) Air Injection, (ii) Solid Injection—(I) Individual pump and injector or jerk

pump system, (II) Common Rail System, (III) Distributor System, (IV) Unit Injector. Discuss advantages

and disadvantages of each system.

6. Describe the working of Bosch fuel injection pump with injector. Give sketches.

7. Describe different types of injection nozzles and discuss their advantages and disadvantages.

8. A petrol engine consumes 7.5 kg of petrol per hour. The specific gravity of the fuel is 0.75. The air intake

temperature is 25º C. The air fuel ratio is 15. The choke tube has a diameter of 22 mm. Calculate the

diameter of the fuel jet of a simple carburetor. Top of the jet is 4 mm above the petrol level in the float

chamber. Take coefficient of discharge as 0.82 and 0.7 for air and fuel respectively. Atomspheric pressure

= 1.013 bar.

9. Why there is maldistribution in multi-cylinder engines? Why richer mixture is required in such engines?

10. Describe the following systems of a carburetor:

(I) Main metering System (II) Idling System

(III) Economiser or power enrichment system

(IV) Acceleration pump system (V) Choke.

Derive an expression for fuel air ratio of a carburetor assuming compressible isentropic flow of air.

TUTORIAL SHEET NO 6

1. Why cooling is required in I.C engines. Describe thermo-syphon cooling system with the help of neat

sketch.

2. Discuss the wet sump and dry sump lubrication system with the help of neat sketch.

3. Discuss the various stages of combustion in case of S.I. Engine with the help of pressure-crank diagram.

4. During a test on the four cylinder , four stroke oil engine the following data were recorded: bore= 10 cm,

stroke = 12 cm, speed = 1200rpm, brake torque = 120 Nm, fuel consumption = 5kg/hr, calorific value of

fuel = 42 MJ/kg, Pressure drop across orifice is 4.6 cm of water, ambient temperature and pressure are

17°C and 1 bar respectively. Air flow is measured by means of a 5 cm diameter orifice having

coefficient of discharge 0.6. Calculate : Brake thermal efficiency, brake meaneffective pressure and

volumetric efficiency based on free air condition.

5. A 4-cylinder, 4-stroke petrol engine 6 cm bore and 9 cm stroke was tested at constant speed. The fuel

supply was fixed to 0.13 kg/ min and plugs of four cylinders were successively short-circuited without

change of speed. The power measurement were as follows: With all cylinders working = 16.25 KW, with

No1 cylinder cut off = 11.55 KW, with No 2 cylinder cut off = 11.65 KW, with No 3 cylinder cut off =

11.70 KW, with No 4 cylinder cut off = 11.50 KW. Find : Indicated power of engine, frictional power of

the engine, mechanical efficiency and relative efficiency on I.P basis assuming clearance volume 65 cu

cm.

6. What are the disadvantages of overcooling in I.C Engines?

7. Write note on the following:-

1. Lubricant properties and SAE Rating.

2. Radiators and function of pressure cap in radiator.

3. Advantages and disadvantages of air cooling system.

8. During the Morse test on 4-cylinder , 4-stroke petrol engine, the following readings are taken: Diameter of

cylinder = 8cm, Stroke length = 10cm, Speed = 3000 rpm, Load on hydraulic dynamometer = 160 N,

Dynamometer constant = 20420, fuel consumption = 8 kg/hr, C.V. of fuel used = 43000 kJ/kg. By

shortening the spark plug of each cylinder successively without change of speed the corresponding B.Ps.

of the engine are 16.5, 16, 15.6, 17.6 respectively. Determine : Brake power, Brake mean effective

pressure, brake thermal efficiency and mechanical efficiency.

TUTORIAL SHEET NO 7

1. A single cylinder reciprocating compressor runs at 150 rpm and delivers 5m3 of free air per minute.(P=

1bar and T= 300 K at point 1). Maximum delivery pressure is 6 bar. Law of compression P.V 1.3

= C.

Clearance 5% of stroke. Calculate temperature of air at inlet to receiver, volumetric efficiency, Volume of

air per stroke sucked, power of motor. Dimensions of cylinder if L/D = 1.25.

2. Estimate the work done by a two stage reciprocating single acting air compressor to compress 2.8 m3 of air

per minute from 1.05 bar and 10°C to a final pressure of 35 bar. The intermediate receiver cools the air to

30°C and 5.6 bar pressure. Take n= 1.4

3. A single stage double acting air compressor has a free air delivery of 14 m3 / min at 1.013 bar and 15°C.

The pressure and temperature during induction is 0.95 bar and 32°C. The delivery pressure is 7 bar and

index for compression and expansion is P.V 1.3

= C. Clearance Volume is 5% of swept Volume. Calculate

Indicated power required, Volumetric Efficiency and Isothermal Efficiency.

4. A gas turbine plant works on a pressure ratio of 5:1. Initial temperature is 300 K and maximum

temperature is 1000 K. Isentropic efficiency of turbine is 0.88 and that of compressor is 0.85. For air take

γ= 1.4 Cp=1.005 kJ/ kg K. Effectiveness of heat exchanger is 0.75. Calculate net work done, heat supplied

and efficiency. Take 1 kg of working substance.

TUTORIAL SHEET NO 8

1. In a gas turbine plant, operating on joule cycle, maximum and minimum temperatures are 825°C and 27°C

respectively. The pressure ratio 4.5. Calculate the specific work output, cycle efficiency and work ratio.

Assuming isentropic efficiency of compressor as 85% and turbine 90%. Find out the heat rate in kJ/KW-

Hour. If the rating of turbine is 1300 KW, what is the mass flow in Kg/Sec. Neglect the mass flow of fuel.

Given: Cp=1.005 kJ/ kg K.

2. Determine the efficiency of gas turbine plant fitted with heat exchanger of 75% effectiveness. The pressure

ratio is 4:1 and compression is carried out two stages of equal pressure ratio with inter-cooling back to

initial temperature of 290 K. The maximum temperature is 925 K. The turbine isentropic efficiency is 88%

and each compressor has isentropic efficiency of 85%. For air take γ= 1.4 Cp=1.005 kJ/ kg K.

3. In a simple gas turbine plant air enters the compressor at 1 bar and 27°C and leaves at 6 bar. It is the

heated in combustion chamber to 700°C and then enters the turbine to expand to 1 bar. The isentropic

efficiency of compressor is 0.80 and turbine is 0.85and the combustion efficiency is 0.98. The fall in

pressure through combustion chamber is 0.1 bar. Find: thermal efficiency, work ratio, air rate in Kg/KW,

specific fuel consumption and air fuel ratio.

4. A gas turbine unit receives air at 100 KPa and 300 K and compresses it adiabatically to 620 KPa with

efficiency of compressor 80%. The fuel has heating value of 44180 KJ/Kg and fuel/air ratio is 0.017 kg

fuel per kg of air. The turbine internal efficiency is 90%. Calculate the compressor work, turbine work and

thermal efficiency.

5. A closed cycle gas turbine consist of 2 stage compressor and a 2 stage turbine. All the components are

mounted on same shaft. The temperature and pressure at the inlet of first stage compressor are 2 bar and

250°C. The maximum cycle temperature and pressure are limited to 850°C and 8 bar. A perfect inter-

cooling is used between the two compressors and a reheater is used between the two turbines. Gases are

reheated in the reheater to 850°C before entering into I.P turbine. Assuming the compressor and turbine

efficiencies as 0.83. Find: cycle efficiency without regenerator, with regenerator if effectiveness is 0.65.

For air take γ= 1.4 Cp=1 kJ/ kg K. If I.P developed by turbine plant is 310 KW, find the mass of fluid

circulated. Air is used as working fluid in the cycle.

Fluid Machines (ME-303E)

Course Educational Objectives (CEOs) : -

1. To make students aware about concept of applications of fluid power.

2. To impart knowledge on different types of hydro turbines.

3. To make students capable of doing basic design for different types of turbines

4. To educate the students about working of hydraulic turbines.

5. To make the students gain knowledge of model analysis.

6. To impart knowledge to students about different fluid pumps

7. To make students learn about working and losses in centrifugal and reciprocating pumps.

8. To give knowledge to students about different other applications of fluid power.

Course Outcomes (COs) : -

i. Student will acquire the knowledge about basic applications of fluid power.

ii. Student will get familiar with the turbines and pumps and can perform experiments on that.

iii. Students will be able to select the type of turbine, formulate the basic design of hydraulic machines.

iv. Students will be able to solve problems related to hydraulic turbines and pumps

FLUID MACHINES ME 303 E

L T P/D Total Theory: 100 Marks

3 1 - 4 Sessional: 50 marks

Duration of Exam: 03 hours

UNIT I

Impact of jet stationary and moving flat and curved plates, Force on series of

vanes, Radial vanes, Vortex motion, Free and forced vortex , jet propulsion of ships

Units and dimensions; Dimensional homogeneity; Dimensional analysis‘ methods; Ray Leigh and Buckingham

methods, Applications and limitations of dimensional analysis Dimensionless numbers, Similitude laws.

UNIT II

Introduction; Development of hydraulic turbines; Components of hydropower plant; Classification of turbines;

Surge tank and its type.

Pelton turbine, Its components, Number and dimension of buckets, Speed ratio, Jet ratio, Energy conversion,

Condition for maximum efficiency; Design considerations. Governing etc.

Francis turbine, its components, working principles. Draft tube, Types of draft tube, Design considerations; Outward

vs. Inward flow reaction turbines, Introduction to Deriaz turbine, Evolution of axial flow turbines, Kaplan turbine,

Operation at off-design loads, Governing etc. Unit quantities, Specific speed, Runway speed, Characteristics of turbines,

UNIT III

Introduction, Classification, Components, Principle of working, various heads, Energy conversion, Euler‘s head and

its variation with vane shapes. Effect of finite number of vanes, Losses and efficiencies, Minimum starting speed,

Limitation of suction lift, Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH); Multistage pumps, Specific speed and performance.

Working principles, Classification, Components, Discharge, Discharge slip, Power input, Indicator diagram, Effect

of friction, Acceleration and pipe friction, Maximum speed, Air vessels, Comparison with centrifugal pumps. Model

testing of pumps.

UNIT IV

Cavitations and its effects, Cavitation parameters, Detection and Prevention of cavitations. Model testing of turbine

Propeller pump, Jet pump, Airlift pump, Gear pump, Screw pump, Vane pump, Radial piston pump, Submersible

pump, Pump problems

Hydraulic accumulators, Hydraulic intensifier, Hydraulic lift, Hydraulic crane. Hydraulic coupling, Torque

converter, Hydraulic ram.

Recommended books

Fluid mechanics and machinery by S.K.Aggarwal TMG

Fluid mechanics & fluid power engineering by D.S kumar, Katson publisher

Fluid mechanics and Hydraulic machine by S.S rattan, Khanna publisher

Introduction to fluid mechanics and machinery by Som and Bishwas, TMH

NOTE: In the semester examination, the examiner will set 8 questions in all, at least two question from each

unit, and students will be required to attempt only 5 questions, at least one from each unit.

S.N. LECTURE TOPIC

1 Units and dimensions; Dimensional homogeneity

2 Dimensional analysis‘ methods; Ray Leigh

3 Buckingham methods

4 Applications and limitations of dimensional analysis

5 Dimensionless numbers, Similitude laws.

6 Impact of jet stationary

7 Impact of jet moving flat

8 Impact of jet curved plates

9 Force on series of vanes

10 Radial vanes

11 jet propulsion of ships

12 Vortex motion

13 Test 1

14 Introduction; Development of hydraulic turbines; Components of hydropower plant;

15 Classification of turbines; Surge tank and its type

16 Pelton turbine, Its components, Number and dimension of buckets, Speed ratio, Jet ratio, Energy

conversion, Condition for maximum efficiency

17 Design considerations.

18 Francis turbine, its components, working principles. Draft tube, Types of draft tube

19 Outward vs. Inward flow reaction turbines

20 Evolution of axial flow turbines

21 Kaplan turbine

22 Unit quantities, Specific speed, Runway speed

23 Characteristics of turbines, Governing of turbine

24 Test 2

25 Centrifugal pump, work done, heads and efficiencies, min speed

26 Multistage pump, specific speed

27 Cavitation, NPSH

28 Reciprocating pump, slip

29 Variation of velocity and acceleration in suction and delivery pipe

30 Effect of variation of velocity in suction & delivery pipe, air vessels

31 Test 3

32 Hydraulic press & accumulators

33 Hydraulic intensifier, Hydraulic lift, Hydraulic ram

34 Hydraulic crane. Hydraulic coupling

35 Torque converter, Airlift pump

36 Gear pump

37 revision

38 revision

TUTORIAL SHEET NO 1

1. A jet of water having a velocity of 15 m/s, strikes a curved vane which is moving with a velocity of 6 m/s in

the same direction as that of the jet at inlet. The vane is so shaped that the jet is deflected through 135°. The

diameter of the jet is 150 mm. Assuming the vane to be smooth, find (i) the force exerted by the jet on the

vane in the direction of motion, (ii) power of the vane, and (iii) efficiency of the vane

2. A jet of water having a velocity of 30 m/s strikes a series of radial curved vanes mounted on a wheel which

is rotating at 300 rpm. The jet makes an angle of 30° with the tangent to wheel at inlet and leaves the wheel

with a velocity of 4 m/s at an angle of 120° to the tangent to the wheel at outlet. Water is flowing from

outward in a radial direction. The outer and inner radii of the wheel are 0.6 m and OJ m respectively,

Determine: (i) vane angles at inlet outlet, (ii) work done per sec per kg of water, and (iii) efficiency of the

wheel.

3. A jet of water of diameter 50 mm strikes a fixed plate in such a way that the angle between the plate and the

jet is 30°. The force exerted in the direction of the jet is 1471.5 N. Determine the rate of flow of water.

4. A 7.5 cm diameter jet having with a velocity of 30 m/s strikes a flat plate, the normal of which is inclined at

45° to the axis of the jet. Find the normal pressure on the plate: (i) when the plate is stationary, and (ii) when

the plate is moving with a velocity of 15 m/s and away from the jet. Also, determine the power and

efficiency of the jet when the plate is moving.

5. A jet of water of diameter 50 mm, having a velocity of 20 m/s strikes a curved vane which is moving with a

velocity of 10 m/s in the direction of jet. The jet leaves the vane at an angle of 60° to the direction of motion

of vane at outlet. Determine:

a. The force exerted by the jet on the vane in the direction of motion.

b. Work done per second by the jet.

6. A jet of water having a velocity of 40 m/s strikes a curved vane, which is moving with a velocity of 20 m/s.

The jet makes an angle of 30° with the direction of motion of vane at inlet and leaves at an angle of 90° to

the direction of motion of vane at outlet. Determine the vane angles at inlet and outlet so that the water

enters and leaves the vane without shock

TUTORIAL SHEET NO 2

1. A jet of water having a velocity of 20 m/s strikes a curved vane which is moving with a velocity of 9 m/s. The

vane is symmetrical and is so shaped that the jet is deflected through 120°. Find the angle of the jet at inlet at

inlet of the vane so that there is no shock. What is the absolute velocity of the jet at outlet in magnitude and

direction and the work done per second per unit weight of water striking? Assume the vane to be smooth.

2. A jet of water having a velocity of 40 m/s strikes a curved vane, which is moving with a velocity of 20 m/s. The

jet makes an angle of 30° with the direction of motion of vane at inlet and leaves at an angle of 90° to the

direction of motion of vane at outlet. Draw the velocity triangles at inlet and outlet and determine the vane

angles at inlet and outlet so that the water enters and leaves the vane without shock.

3. A jet of water of diameter 75mm strikes a curved plate at its center with a velocity of 20 m/s. The curved plate

is moving with a velocity of 8 m/s in the direction of the jet. The jet is deflected through an angle of 165°.

Assuming the plate smooth find: (i) Force exerted on the plate in the direction of jet, (ii) Power of jet and (iii)

Efficiency of jet.

4. The drag force exerted by a flowing fluid on a solid body depends upon the length of the length (L), velocity of

flow (V), density of fluid (p) and viscosity. Find an expression for drag force using Buckingham's-n- theorem

5. The variables containing the motion of a floating vessel through water are the drag force F, the speed V, the

length L, the density p , dynamic viscosity of water and acceleration due to gravity g. Derive an expression for

F by dimensional analysis

6. The drag force exerted by a flowing fluid on a solid body depends upon the length of the body L, velocity of

flow V, density of fluid p and viscosity j.L. Find an expression for drag force using Buckingham's-n- theorem

TUTORIAL SHEET NO 3

1. Obtain an expression for the work done per second by water on the runner of a Pelton wheel.

2. Draw inlet and outlet velocity triangles for a Pelton Turbine and indicate the direction of various velocities.

3. Obtain an expression for unit speed, unit discharge and unit power for a turbine.

4. A turbine develops 7357.5 kW S.P. when running at 200 rpm. The head on the turbine is 40 m. if the head

on the turbine is reduced to 25 m, determine the speed and power developed by the turbine.

5. A turbine is to operate under a head of 30 m at 300 rpm. The discharge is 10 m2/ s. if the efficiency is 90

%, determine : (i) specific speed of yhe machine, (ii) power generated, and (iii) types of turbine.

6. A Pelton wheel has a mean bucket speed of 35 m/s with a jet of water flowing at the rate of 1 m3/ s under a

head of 270 m. the buckets deflect the jet through an angle of 1700 . Calculate the power delivered to the

runner and the hydraulic efficiency of the turbine. Assume coefficient of velocity at 0.98.

TUTORIAL SHEET NO 4

1. A Pelton wheel is having a mean bucket diameter of 1 m and is running at 1000 rpm. The net head on the

Pelton wheel is 700 m. If the side clearance angle is 15° and the discharge through nozzle of 0.1 m3/see, find:

a.Power available at the nozzle.

b.Hydraulic efficiency of the turbine

2. An inward flow reaction turbine has an external diameter of 1 m and it's breadth at inlet is 200 mm. If the

velocity of flow at inlet is 1.5 m/s, find the mass of water passing through the turbine per second. Assume 15%

of the area of flow is blocked by blade thickness. If the speed of the runner is 200 rpm and guide blades make

an angle of 150 to the wheel tangent, draw the inlet velocity triangle and find:

(i)The runner vane angle at inlet, (ii) velocity of wheel at inlet, (iii) the absolute velocity of water leaving the

guide vanes, and (iv) the relative velocity of water entering the runner blade.

3. The internal and external diameters of an outward flow reaction turbine are 2 m and 2.75 m resp., The turbine is

running at 250 rpm. The rate of flow of water through the turbine is 5 m3/sec. The width of the runner is

constant at inlet and outlet and is equal to 250 mm. The head of the turbine is 150 m. Neglecting the thickness

of the vane and taking discharge radial at outlet determine:

a. Vane angle at inlet and outlet.

b. Velocity of flow at inlet and outlet.

4. The following data is given for Francis Turbine:

Net Head= 70m, speed = 600rpm, shaft power = 367.875KW, 110= 95%, flow ratio=0.25, breadth ratio = 0.1,

outer dia of the runner = 2 * inner dia of runner. The thickness of vanes occupies 10% of the circumferential

area of the runner. Velocity of flow is constant at inlet and outlet and discharge is radial at outlet. Determine (i)

guide blade angle, (ii) runner vane angles at inlet and outlet,

(iii) dia of runner at inlet and outlet, (iv) width of wheel at inlet

5. A Kaplan turbine working under a head of 25m develops 16000KW shaft: power.

The outer dia of runner is 4m and hub dia is 2m. The guide blade angle is 350. The hydraulic efficiency and

overall efficiency are 90% and 85% resp., If the velocity of whirl is zero at outlet, determine runner vane angles

at in let and outlet and speed of turbine.

6. Derive an expression for maximum efficiency of the Pelton Wheel.

TUTORIAL SHEET NO 5

1. Derive an expression for the head lost due to friction in suction and delivery pipes.

2. Define indicator diagram. Prove that area of the indicator diagram is proportional to the work done by the

reciprocating pump.

3. Derive an expression for the work done per second in case of single-acting

reciprocating pump.

4. Derive an expression for the head lost due to friction in the delivery pipe of a reciprocating pump with and

without an air vessel.

5. Show from first principle that the work saved, against friction in the delivery pipe of a single-acting reciprocating

pump, by fitting an air vessel is 84.8% while for a double-acting reciprocating pump the work saved is only

39.2%.

6. Derive an expression for the work done by the impeller of a centrifugal pump on water per second per unit

weight of water.

7. Define Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) and derive its expression.

TUTORIAL SHEET NO 6

I. A centrifugal pump having outer diameter equal to two times of inner diameter and running at 1000 rpm works

against a total head of 40m. The velocity of flow through the impeller is constant and equal to 2.5 m/s. The

vanes are set back an angle of 400 at outlet. If the outer diameter of the impeller is 500 mm and width at outlet

is 50 mm, determine: Vane angle at inlet, manometric efficiency, Work done by impeller on water/ sec.

2. A centrifugal pump is running at 1000 rpm. The outlet vane angle of the impeller is 300 and the velocity of flow

is 3 m/s. The pump is working against a total head of 30 m and the discharge through the pump is 0.3m3/sec.

If the manometric efficiency of the pump is 75%, determine (i) the diameter of the impeller (ii) the width of the

impeller at outlet

3 . A three stage centrifugal pump has impeller 40 cm in diameter and 2.5 cm wide at outlet. The vanes are curved

at the outlet at 30° and reduce the circumferential area by 15 %. The Manometric efficiency is 85 % and the overall

efficiency is 75 %. Determine the head generated by the pump when running at 12000 rpm. And discharging

O.06m3/s. Find the shaft power also.

4 . A single acting reciprocating pump running at 30 rpm delivers 0.012 m3/s of water. The diameter of the piston is

25 cm and stroke length 50 cm. Determine: (i) theoretical discharge of the pump. (ii) Coefficient of discharge,

and (iii) Slip and % slip of the pump.

5. A single acting reciprocating pump is to raise a liquid of density 1200 kg/m"' through a vertical height of 11.5 m

from 2.5m below pump axis to 9 m above it. The plunger moves with stroke 225mm. The suction and delivery

pipes are 75mm dia.and 3.5 m and 13.5 m long resp. There is a large air vessel placed on the delivery pipe

near the pump axis. But there is no air vessel on the suction pipe. If the separation takes place at 8.29 N/cm2

below atmospheric pressure, find: maximum speed, with which the pump can run without separation taking

place and: Power required to drive the pump, if f = O.02. Neglect slip for the pump.

6. A single acting reciprocating pump has a plunger of 100 mm diameter and a stroke length 200 mm. The centre of

the pump is 3 m above the water level in the sump and 20 m below the water level in a tank to which water is

delivered by the pump. The diameter and length of suction pipe are 50 mm and 5 m while of the delivery pipe

are 40 mm and 30 m resp., Determine the maximum speed at which the pump may be run without separation, if

separation occurs at 7.3575 N/cm2

below the atmospheric pressure. Take atmospheric pressure head = 10.3 m

of water.

TUTORIAL SHEET NO 7

1. Explain the working principle of a Hydraulic Press

2. Define the term, Hydraulic Accumulator. Derive an expression for the capacity of a hydraulic accumulator.

3. Explain the working principle of a Hydraulic Ram. Derive an expression for the efficiencies of the hydraulic

ram.

4. What is the difference between fluid coupling and torque converter? Explain the torque converter with a neat

sketch.

5. Explain with neat sketch, the principle and working of the following hydraulic devices

a. Hydraulic Lift

b. Hydraulic Crane

c. Hydraulic Coupling

d. Hydraulic torque converter

e. Air lift pump

f. Gear Pump

6. In a hydraulic coupling, the speeds of the driving and driven shaft are 800 rpm and 780 rpm, resp., Find: (i) The

efficiency of the hydraulic coupling and (ii) The slip of the coupling

TUTORIAL SHEET NO 8

1. A hydraulic press has a ram of 300 mm diameter and a plunger of 50 mm diameter. Find the weight lifted

by the hydraulic press when the force applied at the plunger is 40 N.

1. A hydraulic press has a ram of 150 mm diameter and plunger of 30 mm. The stroke of the plunger is 250 mm

and weight lifted is 600 N. If the distance moved by the weight is 1.2 m in 20 minutes, determine: (a) the

force applied on the plunger, (b) power required to drive the plunger, and (c) number of strokes performed by

the plunger

2. The water is supplied at the rate of 30 litres per second from a height of 4 m to a hydraulic ram, which raises

3 litres per second to a height of 18m from the ram. Determine D' Aubuisson's and Rankine's efficiencies of

the hydraulic ram.

3. A hydraulic lift is required to lift a load of98.1 kN through a height of 12 m, once in every 100 seconds. The

speed of the lift is 600 mm/s. Determine:

(a) Power required to drive the lift, (b) working period of lift in seconds, and (c) idle period of the lift in

seconds.

5. An accumulator has a ram diameter of 250 mm a lift of 8m. The total weight on accumulator is 70 kN. The

packing friction is 5% of the load on the ram. Find the power delivered to the machine if ram falls through

the full height in 100 sec and at the same time the pumps are delivering 0.028 m3/sec through the accumulator.

6. The efficiency of a hydraulic crane, which is supplied water under a pressure of 70 N/cm2 for lifting a weight

through a height of 10 m, is 60%. If the diameter of the ram is 150 mm and velocity ratio 6, find

(a) The weight lifted by the crane

(b) The volume of water required in liters to lift the weight

ME 305 E HEAT - TRANSFER

L T P/D Total Theory: 100 Marks

3 1 - 4 Sessional: 50 marks

Duration of Exam: 03 hours

UNIT I Definition of heat; Modes of Heat Transfer; Basic Laws of heat transfer, Electrical Analogy of heat conduction;

Conduction through composite Walls; Overall heat transfer coefficient.

The general conduction equation in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates Steady one dimensional heat

conduction without internal heat generation; The plane slab; The cylindrical shell; The spherical shell; Critical

thickness of insulation; Variable thermal conductivity, Steady one dimensional heat conduction with uniform

internal heat generation the plane slab; Cylindrical and spherical systems; Fins of uniform cross section; Governing

equation; Temperature distribution and heat dissipation rate; Efficiency and effectiveness of fins.

UNIT II

Free and forced convection; Newton‘s law of cooling, Convective heat transfer Coefficient; Nusselt number;

Dimensional analysis of free and forced convection; Analytical solution to forced convection problems; The concept

of boundary layer; Hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layer; Momentum and Energy equations for boundary

layer; Exact solution for laminar flow over an isothermal plate using similarity transformation; The integral

approach; Integral momentum and energy equations; Solution of forced convection over a flat plate using the

integral method. Analysis of free convection; governing equations for velocity and temperature fields. Relation

between fluid friction and heat transfer, Reynolds analogy Dimensionless numbers; Reynolds, Prandtl Nusselt ,

Grashoff and Stanton Numbers and their significance, Heat transfer with change of phase; Nusselt theory of laminar

film Condensation.

UNIT III

Theories of thermal radiation; Absorption, Reflection and transmission, Monochromatic and total emissive power;

Black body concept; Planck‘s distribution law; Stefan Boltzman law; Wien‘s displacement law; Lambert‘s cosine

law; Kirchoff‘s law; Shape factor; Heat transfer between black surfaces.

UNIT IV

Introduction; Classification of heat exchangers; Logarithmic mean temperature Difference; Area calculation for

parallel and counterflow heat exchangers; Effectiveness of heat exchangers; N T U method of heat exchanger

design; Applications of heat exchangers.

Reference and Text books:

A Text book of Heat Transfer by S.P Sukhatme, university press

Heat transfer by Holman, TMG

Heat and Mass transfer by D.S Kumar

NOTE: In the semester examination, the examiner will set 8 questions in all, at least two questions from each

unit, and students will be required to attempt only 5 questions, at least one from each unit.

Lecture No Lecture Topic

1. UNIT I:-Definition of heat; Modes of Heat Transfer; Basic Laws of heat transfer,

2. The general conduction equation in Cartesian coordinates

3. .The general conduction equation in cylindrical coordinates

4. The general conduction equation in spherical coordinates

5. Electrical Analogy of heat conduction; Steady one dimensional heat conduction without internal

heat generation in the plane slab

6. Conduction through composite Walls; Overall heat transfer coefficient

7. Steady one dimensional heat conduction without internal heat generation in the cylindrical shell

and spherical shell

8. Critical thickness of insulation; Variable thermal conductivity,

9. Steady one dimensional heat conduction with uniform internal heat generation the plane slab;

Cylindrical systems

10. Steady one dimensional heat conduction with uniform internal heat generation the spherical

systems

11. Fins of uniform cross section; Governing equation

12. Temperature distribution and heat dissipation rate in fin

13. Efficiency and effectiveness of fins.

14. Class Test

15 UNIT II:-Free and forced convection; Newton‘s law of cooling, Convective heat transfer

Coefficient; Nusselt number

16 Dimensional analysis of free and forced convection

17 Analytical solution to forced convection problems;

18 The concept of boundary layer; Hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layer

19 Momentum and Energy equations for boundary layer

20 Exact solution for laminar flow over an isothermal plate using similarity Transformation

21 The integral approach; Integral momentum and energy equations

22 Solution of forced convection over a flat plate using the integral method.

23 Analysis of free convection; governing equations for velocity and temperature Fields

24 Relation between fluid friction and heat transfer, Reynolds analogy

25 Dimensionless numbers; Reynolds, Prandtl Nusselt , Grashoff and Stanton Numbers and their

significance,

26 Heat transfer with change of phase; Nusselt theory of laminar film Condensation.

27 Class Test

28 UNIT III:- Theories of thermal radiation; Absorption, Reflection and transmission

29 Monochromatic and total emissive power

30 Black body concept; Planck‘s distribution law

31 Stefan Boltzman law; Wien‘s displacement law

32 Lambert‘s cosine law; Kirchoff‘s law

33. Shape factor

34. Heat transfer between black surfaces

35. Class Test

36. UNIT IV:- Introduction; Classification of heat exchangers

37. Logarithmic mean temperature Difference

38. Area calculation for parallel and counterflow heat exchangers

39. Effectiveness of heat exchangers

40. Effectiveness of heat exchangers continoues

41. N T U method of heat exchanger design; Applications of heat exchangers.

42. Class Test

Tutorial Sheet. 1

Q.1 Derive general heat conduction equation in cylindrical co-ordinates?

Q.2 Derive general heat conduction equation in spherical co-ordinates?

Q.3 Define critical thickness of insulation . Derive an expression of critical thickness of insulation for cylinder.

Q.4 A steam main 75 mm inside diameter and 90 mm outside diameter is lagged with two successive layers of

insulation. The layer in contact with pipe is 38 mm asbestos and the asbestos layer is covered with 25 mm thick

magnesia insulation . The surface co-efficient for inside and outside surfaces are 227W/m2K and 6.8 W/m

2K

respectively. If the steam temperature is 375 0C and the ambient temp. is 35

0 C. Calculate the steady state loss of

heat from steam for 60 m length of pipe . Also workout the overall co-efficient of heat transfer based on the inside

and outside surfaces of the lagged stream main. Thermal conductivity values are :- Pipe material : 45W/mK ,

Asbestos : 0.14 W/mK ,Magnesia insulation : 0.07 W/Mk

Q.5 Two insulation materials A & B, in powder form ,with thermal conductivity of 0.005 W/mK and 0.03W/mK

were purchased for use over a sphere of 40cm diameter. The material A was to form the first layer 4cm thick and

material B was to be next layer 5cm thick. Due to oversight during installation whole of materials B was applied

first and subsequently there was a layer formed by material A. Investigate how the conduction heat transfer would

be affected

Tutorial Sheet. 2

Q.1: Derive the governing differential equation for temperature distribution for a fin.

Q.2: Explain fin efficiency and fin effectiveness. Also derive relationship between them for a fin insulated at the tip.

Q.3: Two insulation materials A & B, in powder form ,with thermal conductivity of 0.005 W/mK and 0.03W/mK

were purchased for use over a sphere of 40cm diameter. The material A was to form the first layer 4cm thick and

material B was to be next layer 5cm thick. Due to oversight during installation whole of materials B was applied

first and subsequently there was a layer formed by material A. Investigate how the conduction heat transfer would

be affected.

Q.4: Write a short note on Electrical Analogy of heat conduction.

Q.5: A spherical shell of inner radius 5 cm and outer radius 10 cm has its inner and outer surfaces maintained at

100°C and 30° C respectively. Obtain the steady-state temperature variation in the shell if the conduction is radial

and there are no heat sources or sinks. Also find the steady-state heat flux at the inner and outer surfaces. Take K=

105 W/ mK.

Tutorial Sheet. 3

Q.1 Write a short note on Dimensional analysis of free and forced convection.

Q.2 Write a short note on Hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layer.

Q.3 Derive Momentum and Energy equations for boundary layer.

Q.4 For the free convection prove the following relation

Nu = CPrmCTn Where C, m, n are constants.

Q.5: Air at atmospheric pressure and 200°C flowsover a plate with a velocity of 5 m/s. The plate is 15 mm wide and

is maintained at a temperature of 120°C. Calculate the thickness of hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layers and

the leading edge. Assume that flow is on one side of the plate.

Tutorial Sheet. 4

Q.1 Derive Integral momentum and energy equations.

Q.2 Derive Relation between fluid friction and heat transfer.

Q.3 Write a short note on Reynolds analogy.

Q.4 Explain the following Dimensionless numbers with their significance:

Reynolds, Prandtl Nusselt , Grashoff and Stanton Numbers

Q.5 Why is it necessary to introduce dimensionless numbers in the study of heat transfer by convection?

Tutorial Sheet. 5

Q.1 Explain the term Absorption, Reflection and transmission.

Q.2 Explain Monochromatic and total emissive power.

Q.3 Write a short note on Black body concept.

Q.4 Explain Planck‘s distribution law.

Q.5 A 100 W electric bulb has a filament temperature of 3000°C, Asumming the filament to be black, calculate

(i) The diameter of the wire if the length is 2500 mm

(ii) Theefficiency of the bulb if visible radiation lies in the range of wavelength from 0.5 to 0.8µ.

Tutorial Sheet. 6

Q.1 Explain Kirchhoff Law, Steafen Boltzmen Law.

Q.2 Define Lambert Cosine Law. Also derive a relationship between intensity of radiation and total emissive power.

Q.3 Write a short note on Shape factor

Q.4 Explain Wien‘s displacement law.

Q.5 Assume the sun to a black body emitting radiation with maximum intensity at λ = 0.49 µm. Calculate

(i) Surface temperature of the sun

(ii) Heat flux at the surface of Sun.

Tutorial Sheet.7

Q.1 Explain the classification of heat exchanger.

Q.2 Derive an expression for LMTD for a counter flow heat exchanger.

Q.3 Derive an expression for LMTD for a parallel flow heat exchanger.

Q.4 A home air conditioning system uses a counter flow heat exchanger to cool 0.8kg/s of air from 450C to 15

0C.

The cooling is accomplished by a stream of cooling water that enters the system with 0.5kg/s flow rate and 80C

temperature. If the overall heat transfer coefficient is 35W/m2K . What heat exchanger area is required ?. If the same

air flow rate is maintained while the water flow rate is reduced to half , how much will be the percentage reduction

in heat transfer ? Use effectiveness – NTU approach.

Q.5 A heat exchanger is required to cool 55000 kg/h of alcohol form 66°C to 40°C using 40000 kg/h of water

entering at 5°C. Calculate

(i) Exit temperature of water

(ii) Surface area required for

a) Parallel flow type

b) Counter flow type heat exchanger.

Tutorial Sheet. 8

Q.1 Derive an expression for effectiveness for a counter flow heat exchanger.

Q.2 Derive an expression for effectiveness for a parallel flow heat exchanger.

Q.3 Write the applications of heat exchangers.

Q.4 A home air conditioning system uses a counter flow heat exchanger to cool 0.8kg/s of air from 450C to 15

0C.

The cooling is accomplished by a stream of cooling water that enters the system with 0.5kg/s flow rate and 80C

temperature. If the overall heat transfer coefficient is 35W/m2K . What heat exchanger area is required ?. If the same

air flow rate is maintained while the water flow rate is reduced to half , how much will be the percentage reduction

in heat transfer ? Use effectiveness – NTU approach

Q.5 The flow rate of hot and cold water streams running through a parallel flow heat exchanger at 0.2 kg/s and 0.5

kg/s respectively. The inlet temperature of hot and cold sides are 75°C and 20°C respectively. The exit temperature

of hotwater is 45°C. If the individual heat transfer coefficients on both sides are 650 W/m2°C.using NTU method,

calculate

(i) Mass flow rate of wter

(ii) Effectiveness of the heat exchanger

(i) The surface area required.

Industrial Engineering (ME-307E)

Course Educational Objectives (CEOs) : -

1. To train the students to detect the various factors influencing the productivity of an organization and how to

rectify them by using the work study.

2. To impart knowledge about the various recording techniques such as SIMO chart, two handed process chart,

principle of motion economy, time study.

3. To understand the various types of organizations, their objectives and functions in global scenario.

4. To understand the product development stages and characteristics.

5. To make students able to estimate future sales forecast by using various classical as well as analytical

techniques.

6. To impart basic understanding of the techniques used in industries such as JIT,MRP,Value Engineering, Supply

chain management etc;

Course Outcomes (COs) : -

i. Students will be able to write the basic steps involved in work study and to suggest improved and economical

method.

ii. Students will be able to prepare various charts and diagrams used to depict the industrial activities.

iii. Students will come to know about the global challenges of industries and need of re organizes their

organizational structure with advanced IT based management information systems.

iv. Students will be able to understand about the functions of PPC and its role in product development stages.

v. Students will be able to compare the results of sales forecasting with their actual demands.

vi. Students will be familiar with the JIT, MRP, MRP-II, and Supply Chain Management.

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING ME 307 E

L T P/D Total Theory: 100 Marks

3 1 - 4 Sessional: 50 marks

Duration of Exam: 03 hours

UNIT I

Introduction to work study; Method study; Basic procedure; Recording techniques (charts and diagrams); Elemental

breakdown; Micro-motion studies; Therbligs; SIMO-chart; Principles of motion –economy.

Introduction; Objectives; technique; (time) information recording; methods of timings; Time study allowances;

Work sampling technique; Performance rating and its determination PMTS; M. T. M.; Work factor.

UNIT II

Principles of organization, Importance and characteristics of organization, Organization theories; Classical

Organization theory; Neo-Classical organization theory, Modern organization theory; Types of organization,

Military or line organization, Functional organization, Line and staff organization, Committees.

Objectives of PPC; Functions of PPC; Preplanning and planning; Routing; Estimating; scheduling-master schedule;

Daily schedule; Gantt chart; Dispatching –centralized vs. decentralized; Control; Follow up and progress reporting.

Introduction; Product development; Product characteristics; Role of product development; 3Ss – Standardization;

Simplification and Specialization.

UNIT III

Introduction, Objectives and importance of sales forecasting, Types of forecasting, Methods of sales forecasting-

Collective opinion method, Delphi technique, economic indicator method; Regression analysis, Moving average

method, Time series analysis.

Introduction, Functions of inventory; Types of inventory; Control importance and functions, Inventory costs, Factors

affecting inventory control, Various inventory control models. A. B. C. analysis, Lead-time calculations.

UNIT IV

Introduction; Objectives; Concept and life cycle of a product and V.E.; Steps in VE., Methodology and techniques,

Fast diagram, Matrix method.

Various concepts in industrial engineering

a) WAGES AND INCENTIVES; -Concept; Types; Plans; Desirable characteristics.

b) ERGONOMICS; - its importance; Man-machine work place system; Human factors

considerations in system design.

c) SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT; - its definition, Concept, Objectives, Applications, benefits,

Some successful cases in Indian Industries.

d) JIT; - Its definition, Concept, Importance, Misconception, Relevance, Applications, Elements of JIT

(brief description).

e) MRP;-Introduction, Objectives, factors, Guide lines, Techniques Elements of MRP system,

Mechanics of MRP, MRP-II

f) TIME MANAGEMENT;-Introduction, Steps of time management, Ways for saving time,

Key for time saves.

Reference and Text books:

Production planning and control by S.Elion

Modren production Management by S.S Buffa

Industrial engg. and management manufacturing system by Surender kumar, Satya prakashan

Essence of Supply Chain Management by R.P mohanty and S.G Deshmukh

Industrial engg. and management by S Sharma and Savita sharama

NOTE: In the semester examination, the examiner will set 8 questions in all, at least two question from each

unit, and students will be required to attempt only 5 questions, at least one from each unit.

Lecture No Lecture Topic

1. UNIT I Introduction to work study

2. Method study; Basic procedure

3. Recording techniques(charts and diagrams);

4. Elemental breakdown; Micro-motion studies

5. Therbligs; SIMO - chart;.

6. Cycle & Chrone cycle graph, Principles of motion –economy

7. Work measurement, Introduction; Objectives, technique

8. (time) information, recording; methods of timings; Performance rating

9. Time study allowances; Work sampling technique;

10. Work sampling and its determination, PMTS

11. M. T. M.; Work factor

12. UNIT III Introduction, Objectives and importance of sales forecasting, Types of

forecasting,

13. Methods of sales forecasting-Collective opinion method,

14. Delphi technique, economic indicator method

15. Regression analysis

16. Regression analysis cont…

17. Moving average method

18. Weighted Moving average method

19. Time series analysis

20. Introduction, Functions of inventory; Types of inventory

21. Inventory costs and Models

22. A. B. C. analysis, Leadtime calculations

23. UNIT II Principles of organization, Importance and characteristics of organization,

24. Organization theories; Classical Organization theory; Neo-Classical organization theory,

Modern organization theory;

25. Types of organization, Military or line organization, Functional

organization

26. Line and staff organization, Committees.Objectives of PPC; Functions of PPC;

27. Preplanning and planning; Routing; Estimating

28. scheduling-master schedule; Daily schedule;

Gantt chart

29. Dispatching –centralized vs. decentralized; Control; Follow up and progress

reporting.Introduction

30. Product development; Product characteristics; Role of product

development; 3Ss – Standardization; Simplification and Specialization

31. UNIT IV Introduction; Objectives; Concept and life cycle of a product and V.E

32. Steps in VE., Methodology and techniques, Fast diagram, Matrix method.

33. WAGES AND INCENTIVES; -Concept; Types; Plans; Desirable characteristics

34. ERGONOMICS; - its importance; Man-machine work place system, Human factors

considerations in system design

35. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT; - its definition, Concept, Objectives, Applications,

36. JIT; - Its definition, Concept, Importance, Misconception, Relevance, Applications,

Elements of JIT (brief description).

37. MRP;-Introduction, Objectives, factors, Guide lines, Techniques Elements of MRP system,

Mechanics of MRP, MRP-II

Tutorial Sheet: 1

Q1 The following estimates of operation times spent on the different processes used in the manufacture of a

component have been obtained:

(i) Loading piece into the machine 0.20 min.

(ii) Starting the machine 0.10 min.

(iii) Running time of the machine at the end of which it stops automatically 4.0 min.

(iv) Unloading piece from machine 0.10 min.

(v) Cleaning the piece with the brush 0.10 min.

(vi) Inspecting the component 0.30 min.

(vii) Packing it in box 0.20 min.

Draw the man and machine chart. Calculate the work cycle and the percentage of machine and operator utilization.

Q2 Assume a confidence level of 95% and desired relative accuracy of ± 5%. Determine the number of observations

required for the study. The work sampling method is to be used to determine the utilization of a group of drilling

machines. The preliminary study indicates that the machines are utilized for about 60% of the time.

Q3 A work sampling investigation was conducted to estimate the time for which the workers in plant remain idle.

A total of 720 observations were made about the workers. In 45 observations the workers were found idle. If the

confidence level is 95%, determine the absolute accuracy of the current estimate of the proportion of time consumed

by idleness.

Q4 State the meaning and use of ―Therblig‖. Sketch any ten therbligs with symbols with and their meaning and

application.

Tutorial Sheet: 2

Q1 Define organization. Draw the organization chart of the institute.

Q2 Explain the following terms in brief:

a) Routing

b) Scheduling

c) Route sheet

d) Dispatching

Q3 Describe the elements of production planning and control.

Q4 Describe important functions of P.P.C.

Tutorial Sheet: 3

Q1 Describe the following methods of sales forecasting:

(a) Moving Average method

(b) Delphi Technique

Q2 Sale data for previous 4 years is a variable in some firm as shown below:

Years Sales (in Rs.)

1980 50000

1981 65000

1982 750000

1983 52000

1984 72000

By the method of least squares find the trend values for each of the five years. Also estimate the annual sales for the

year 1985.

Q3 What are the objectives of inventory control ? Derive an expression for EOQ.

Q4 The requirement of a particular item in a factory is 60 unit per year. The procurement cost is Rs. 15 per order

and the cost per piece is Rs. 110. The cost of carrying the inventory is 10%. Determine EOQ.

Tutorial Sheet: 4

Q1 ―Value engineering is a powerful cost reduction tool.‖ Justify.

Q2 Discuss the importance of JIT. Also discuss its element and applications.

Q3 Discuss the concept of wages and types of incentives.

Q4 Discuss methodology and techniques of Value engineering.

Q5 Discuss the importance of Ergonomics. What human factor need to be consider in system design.

Machine Design-I (ME-309E)

Course Educational Objectives (CEOs): -

1. To provide basic knowledge to the students about machine design subject and design procedure.

2. To impart problem solving skills in students regarding design of basic components used in various machine

parts.

3. To ensure that students learn the type of stresses induced in the mechanical members due to application of loads

and various steps for designing the members.

4. To make the students acquainted with design and operation of various types of joints, shafts, levers, couplings

and miscellaneous machine parts.

5. To make students competent for university and other competitive examination.

Course Outcomes (COs): -

i. Students will acquire the basic knowledge of concept of machine design subject.

ii. Students will be able to understand the practical applications of various mechanical members in industries and

machines as per requirement.

iii. Students will solve the numerical based on the designing of various parts.

iv. Student will completely understand the practical applications of various machine members and based upon

requirements they will be able to design various parts.

v. Students will be able to analyze various types of forces and stresses in machine members for designing purpose

which will enhance their designing skills.

vi. Students will actively take part in the subject and will discuss problems without any hesitation.

Machine Design- 1 ME 309 E

L T P/D Total Theory: 100 Marks

2 - 5 7 Sessional: 50 marks

Duration of Exam: 03 hours

UNIT I

Properties: Chemical, Physical, Mechanical and Dimensional; Ferrous metals, Non-ferrous metals, Plastics,

Composite materials etc.; Selection of Engineering Materials.

Design methodology; Design criterion based on fracture; Deformation and elastic stability design stresses; Factor of

safety; Significant stress and significant strength; Stresses-concentration; Causes and mitigation; Endurance limit;

Effect of concentration; Notch sensitivity; Size and surface finish; Goodman diagram; Gerber‘s parabola and

Soderberg line.

UNIT II

Supports and retainment of rotating assemblies; manufacturing considerations of design, design of castings and

weldments.

Riveted joints for boiler shell according to I. B. R.; riveted structural joint; and riveted joint with eccentric loading;

Types of welded joints; strength of welds under axial load; Welds under eccentric loading; Designation of various

types of bolts and nuts, Design of bolted joints, Bolts of uniform strength, Bolted joints with eccentric loads, Design

of Keys, Cotter joint and knuckle joints.

UNIT III

Design of shafts subjected to pure torsion; Pure bending load; Combined bending and torsion; Combined torsion;

Bending and axial loads.

Introduction, hand and foot levers, cranked lever, lever for a lever safety valve, Bell crank lever. Miscellaneous

levers.

UNIT IV

Types of shaft couplings, Design of sleeve or muff coupling; Flange coupling and bush type flexible couplings.

Introduction, Design of circular, oval shaped and square flanged pipe joints.

Function, types of power screws, stresses in screws, design calculations.

References and text books:

Design of machine element By Bhandari

Machine design by Malvee and Hartmann, CBS publication

Machine design by Sharma and Aggarwal

PSG Design Data Book by PSG College of Engg PSG Publication

Machine Design an integrated Approch Robert l Norton, prentice hall

Fundamental of machine component design R.C Juvinnal, Johan wiley& sons

NOTE: In the semester examination, the examiner will set 8 questions in all, at least two questions from each

unit, and students will be required to attempt only 5 questions, at least one from each unit.

Lecture No Lecture Topic

1. UNIT I Introduction to work study

2. Method study; Basic procedure

3. Recording techniques(charts and diagrams);

4. Elemental breakdown; Micro-motion studies

5. Therbligs; SIMO - chart;.

6. Cycle & Chrone cycle graph, Principles of motion –economy

7. Work measurement, Introduction; Objectives, technique

8. (time) information, recording; methods of timings; Performance rating

9. Time study allowances; Work sampling technique;

10. Work sampling and its determination, PMTS

11. M. T. M.; Work factor

12. UNIT III Introduction, Objectives and importance of sales forecasting, Types of

forecasting,

13. Methods of sales forecasting-Collective opinion method,

14. Delphi technique, economic indicator method

15. Regression analysis

16. Regression analysis cont…

17. Moving average method

18. Weighted Moving average method

19. Time series analysis

20. Introduction, Functions of inventory; Types of inventory

21. Inventory costs and Models

22. A. B. C. analysis, Leadtime calculations

23. UNIT II Principles of organization, Importance and characteristics of organization,

24. Organization theories; Classical Organization theory; Neo-Classical organization

theory, Modern organization theory;

25. Types of organization, Military or line organization, Functional

organization

26. Line and staff organization, Committees.Objectives of PPC; Functions of PPC;

27. Preplanning and planning; Routing; Estimating

28. scheduling-master schedule; Daily schedule;

Gantt chart

29. Dispatching –centralized vs. decentralized; Control; Follow up and progress

reporting.Introduction

30. Product development; Product characteristics; Role of product

development; 3Ss – Standardization; Simplification and Specialization

31. UNIT IV Introduction; Objectives; Concept and life cycle of a product and V.E

32. Steps in VE., Methodology and techniques, Fast diagram, Matrix method.

33. WAGES AND INCENTIVES; -Concept; Types; Plans; Desirable characteristics

34. ERGONOMICS; - its importance; Man-machine work place system, Human factors

considerations in system design

35. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT; - its definition, Concept, Objectives,

Applications,

36. JIT; - Its definition, Concept, Importance, Misconception, Relevance, Applications,

Elements of JIT (brief description).

37. MRP;-Introduction, Objectives, factors, Guide lines, Techniques Elements of MRP

system, Mechanics of MRP, MRP-II

Tutorial Sheet 1

1. How do you classify materials for engineering use? Explain in detail.

2. What are the factors to be considered for the selection of the materials for the design of machine elements?

Discuss.

3. Define ‗mechanical property‘ of an engineering material. State any six mechanical properties, give their

definitions and one example of the material possessing the properties.

4. How cast iron is obtained? Classify and explain different types of cast iron.

5. Discuss the effect of silicon, manganese, sulphur and phosphorus on cast iron.

6. Define alloy steel. Discuss the effect of nickel, chromium and manganese on steel.

7. Write short note on different types of bearing metals.

8. Explain the following terms in connection with design of machine members subjected to variable loads:

Endurance limit, Size factor, Surface finish factor and Notch sensitivity.

9. What is difference between endurance strength and endurance limit of a material?

10. What is meant by ‗stress concentration‘? How do you take it into consideration in case of a component

subjected to dynamic loading?

11. How can stress concentration in a component be reduced?

12. Explain how the factor of safety is determined under steady and varying loading by different methods.

13. Write Soderberg‘s equation and state its application to different type of loadings. What information do you

obtain from Soderberg diagram?

14. A flat plate is subjected to a tensile force of 5kN. The plate material is grey cast iron FG 200 and factor of

safety is 2.5. Take stress concentration factor (Kt) for fillet section as 1.8 and that for hole section as 2.16.

Find the thickness of plate.

15. A machine component is subjected to a flexural stress which fluctuates between + 300 MN/m2 and – 150

MN/m2. Determine the value of minimum ultimate strength according to (a) Gerber relation (b) Modified

Goodman relation (c) Soderberg relation. Take yield strength = 0.55 Ultimate strength, Endurance strength

= 0.5 Ultimate strength and factor of safety = 2.

16. A bar of circular cross-section is subjected to alternating tensile forces varying from a minimum of 200 kN

to a maximum of 500 kN. It is to be manufactured of a material with an ultimate tensile strength of 900

MPa and an endurance limit of 700 MPa. Determine the diameter of bar using safety factors of 3.5 related

to ultimate tensile strength and 4 related to endurance limit and a stress concentration factor of 1.65 for

fatigue load. Use Goodman straight line as basis for design.

17. A steel rod is subjected to a reversed axial load of 180 kN. Find the diameter of the rod for a factor of

safety of 2. Neglect column action. The material has an ultimate tensile strength of 1070 MPa and yield

strength of 910 MPa. The endurance limit in reversed bending may be assumed to be one-half of the

ultimate tensile strength. Other correction factors may be taken as follows: For axial loading = 0.7; for

machined surface = 0.8; for size = 0.85; for stress concentration (Kf) = 1.0.

Tutorial Sheet 2

1. Find the efficiency of the following riveted joints :

Single riveted lap joint of 6 mm plates with 20 mm diameter rivets having a pitch of 50 mm.

Double riveted lap joint of 6 mm plates with 20 mm diameter rivets having a pitch of 65 mm.

Assume, Permissible tensile stress in plate = 120 MPa, Permissible shearing stress in rivets = 90 MPa and

Permissible crushing stress in rivets = 180 MPa.

2. A double riveted double cover butt joint in plates 20 mm thick is made with 25 mm diameter rivets at 100 mm

pitch. The permissible stresses are: σt = 120 MPa, τ = 100 MPa, σc = 150 MPa. Find the efficiency of joint, taking

the strength of the rivet in double shear as twice than that of single shear.

3. A double riveted lap joint with zig-zag riveting is to be designed for 13 mm thick plates. Assume σt = 80 MPa, τ =

60 MPa and σc = 120 MPa. State how the joint will fail and find the efficiency of the joint.

4. Two plates of 7 mm thick are connected by a triple riveted lap joint of zig-zag pattern. Calculate the rivet

diameter, rivet pitch and distance between rows of rivets for the joint. Also state the mode of failure of the joint. The

safe working stresses are as follows: σt = 90 MPa, τ = 60 MPa and σc = 120 MPa.

5. Design a double riveted butt joint with two cover plates for the longitudinal seam of a boiler shell 1.5 m in

diameter subjected to a steam pressure of 0.95 N/mm2. Assume joint efficiency as 75%, allowable tensile stress in

the plate 90 MPa, compressive stress 140 MPa and shear stress in the rivet 56 MPa.

6. Design the longitudinal joint for a 1.25 m diameter steam boiler to carry a steam pressure of 2.5 N/mm2. The

ultimate strength of the boiler plate may be assumed as 420 MPa, crushing strength as 650 MPa and shear strength

as 300 MPa. Take the joint efficiency as 80%. Sketch the joint with all the dimensions. Adopt the suitable factor of

safety.

7. A steam boiler is to be designed for a working pressure of 2.5 N/mm2 with its inside diameter 1.6 m. Give the

design calculations for the longitudinal and circumferential joints for the following working stresses for steel plates

and rivets : In tension = 75 MPa, In shear = 60 MPa and In crushing = 125 MPa. Draw the joints to a suitable scale.

8. Two lengths of mild steel tie rod having width 200 mm and thickness 12.5 mm are to be connected by means of a

butt joint with double cover plates. Design the joint if the permissible stresses are 80 MPa in tension, 65 MPa in

shear and 160 MPa in crushing. Make a sketch of the joint.

9. An eccentrically loaded lap riveted joint is to be designed for a steel bracket as shown in the figure. The bracket

plate is 25 mm thick. All rivets are to be of the same size. Load on the bracket, P = 50 kN, rivet spacing ‗C‘ = 100

mm, load arm ‗e‘ = 400 mm. Permissible shear stress is 65 MPa and crushing stress is 120 MPa. Determine the size

of the rivets to be used for the joint.

Tutorial Sheet 3

1. A plate 100 mm wide and 12.5 mm thick is to be welded to another plate by means of parallel fillet

welds. The plates are subjected to a load of 50 kN. Find the length of the weld so that the maximum

stress does not exceed 56 MPa. Consider the joint first under static loading and then under fatigue

loading.

2. A plate 75 mm wide and 12.5 mm thick is joined with another plate by a single transverse weld and a

double parallel fillet weld as shown in the figure. The maximum tensile and shear stresses are 70 MPa

and 56 MPa respectively. Find the length of each parallel fillet weld, if the joint is subjected to both

static and fatigue loading.

3. Determine the length of the weld run for a plate of size 120 mm wide and 15 mm thick to be welded to

another plate by means of (a) A single transverse weld. (b) Double parallel fillet welds when the joint

is subjected to variable loads.

4. A 200 × 150 × 10 mm angle is to be welded to a steel plate by fillet welds as shown in the figure. If the

angle is subjected to a static load of 200 kN, find the length of weld at the top and bottom. The

allowable shear stress for static loading may be taken as 75 MPa.

5. A welded joint as shown in the figure. is subjected to an eccentric load of 2 kN. Find the size of weld, if

the maximum shear stress in the weld is 25 MPa.

Tutorial Sheet 4

i. The cylinder head of a steam engine is subjected to a steam pressure of 0.7 N/mm2. It is held in position

by means of 12 bolts. A soft copper gasket is used to make the joint leak-proof. The effective diameter

of cylinder is 300 mm. Find the size of the bolts so that the stress in the bolts is not to exceed 100 MPa.

ii. A steam engine of effective diameter 300 mm is subjected to a steam pressure of 1.5 N/mm2. The

cylinder head is connected by 8 bolts having yield point 330 MPa and endurance limit at 240 MPa. The

bolts are tightened with an initial preload of 1.5 times the steam load. A soft copper gasket is used to

make the joint leak-proof. Assuming a factor of safety 2, find the size of bolt required. The stiffness

factor for copper gasket may be taken as 0.5.

iii. For supporting the travelling crane in a workshop, the brackets are fixed on steel columns as shown in

the figure. The maximum load that comes on the bracket is 12 kN acting vertically at a distance of 400

mm from the face of the column. The vertical face of the bracket is secured to a column by four bolts, in

two rows (two in each row) at a distance of 50 mm from the lower edge of the bracket. Determine the

size of the bolts if the permissible value of the tensile stress for the bolt material is 84 MPa. Also find

the cross-section of the arm of the bracket which is rectangular.

iv. Design and draw a cotter joint (socket and spigot) to support a load varying from 30 kN in compression

to 30 kN in tension. The material used is carbon steel for which the following allowable stresses may be

used. The load is applied statically. Tensile stress = compressive stress = 50 MPa, shear stress = 35

MPa and crushing stress = 90 MPa.

v. Design a sleeve and cotter joint to resist a tensile load of 60 kN. All parts of the joint are made of the

same material with the following allowable stresses: σt = 60 MPa, τ = 70 MPa and σc = 125 MPa.

vi. Design a knuckle joint to transmit 150 kN. The design stresses may be taken as 75 MPa in tension, 60

MPa in shear and 150 MPa in compression.

vii. Design a knuckle joint for a tie rod of a circular section to sustain a maximum pull of 70 kN. The

ultimate strength of the material of the rod against tearing is 420 MPa. The ultimate tensile and shearing

strength of the pin material are 510 MPa and 396 MPa respectively. Determine the tie rod section and

pin section. Take factor of safety = 6.

viii. Design the rectangular key for a shaft of 50 mm diameter. The shearing and crushing stresses for the

key material are 42 MPa and 70 MPa.

ix. A 45 mm diameter shaft is made of steel with yield strength of 400 MPa. A parallel key of size 14 mm

wide and 9 mm thick made of steel with yield strength of 340 MPa is to be used. Find the required

length of key, if the shaft is loaded to transmit the maximum permissible torque. Use maximum shear

stress theory and assume a factor of safety of 2.

Tutorial Sheet 5

1. Find the diameter of a solid steel shaft to transmit 20 kW at 200 r.p.m. The ultimate shear stress for the

steel may be taken as 360 MPa and a factor of safety as 8. If a hollow shaft is to be used in place of the

solid shaft, find the inside and outside diameter when the ratio of inside to outside diameters is 0.5.

2. A solid circular shaft is subjected to a bending moment of 3000 N-m and a torque of 10000 N-m. The

shaft is made of 45 C 8 steel having ultimate tensile stress of 700 MPa and a ultimate shear stress of 500

MPa. Assuming a factor of safety as 6, determine the diameter of the shaft.

3. A shaft supported at the ends in ball bearings carries a straight tooth spur gear at its mid span and is to

transmit 7.5 kW at 300 r.p.m. The pitch circle diameter of the gear is 150 mm. The distances between

the centre line of bearings and gear are 100 mm each. If the shaft is made of steel and the allowable

shear stress is 45 MPa, determine the diameter of the shaft. Show in a sketch how the gear will be

mounted on the shaft; also indicate the ends where the bearings will be mounted? The pressure angle of

the gear may be taken as 20°.

4. A hollow shaft is subjected to a maximum torque of 1.5 kN-m and a maximum bending moment of 3

kN-m. It is subjected, at the same time, to an axial load of 10 kN. Assume that the load is applied

gradually and the ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter is 0.5. If the outer diameter of the

shaft is 80 mm, find the shear stress induced in the shaft.

Tutorial Sheet 6

1. A cranked lever, as shown in the figure has the following dimensions :

Length of the handle = 300 mm, Length of the lever arm = 400 mm & Overhang of the journal = 100

mm. If the lever is operated by a single person exerting a maximum force of 400 N at a distance of 1/3rd

length of the handle from its free end, find : (a) Diameter of the handle, (b) Cross-section of the lever

arm, and (c) Diameter of the journal. The permissible bending stress for the lever material may be taken

as 50 MPa and shear stress for shaft material as 40 MPa.

2. A lever loaded safety valve is 70 mm in diameter and is to be designed for a boiler to blow-off at

pressure of 1 N/mm2 gauge. Design a suitable mild steel lever of rectangular cross-section using the

following permissible stresses: Tensile stress = 70 MPa, Shear stress = 50 MPa and Bearing pressure

intensity = 25 N/mm2. The pin is also made of mild steel. The distance from the fulcrum to the weight

of the lever is 880 mm and the distance between the fulcrum and pin connecting the valve spindle links

to the lever is 80 mm.

3. Design a right angled bell crank lever. The horizontal arm is 500 mm long and a load of 4.5 kN acts

vertically downward through a pin in the forked end of this arm. At the end of the 150 mm long arm

which is perpendicular to the 500 mm long arm, a force P act at right angles to the axis of 150 mm arm

through a pin into a forked end. The lever consists of forged steel material and a pin at the fulcrum.

Take the following data for both the pins and lever material: Safe stress in tension = 75 MPa, Safe stress

in shear = 60 MPa and Safe bearing pressure on pins = 10 N/mm2.

4. A foot lever is 1 m from the centre of shaft to the point of application of 800 N load. Find :

(a) Diameter of the shaft (b) Dimensions of the key and (c) Dimensions of rectangular arm of the foot

lever at 60 mm from the centre of shaft assuming width of the arm as 3 times thickness. The allowable

tensile stress may be taken as 73 MPa and allowable shear stress as 70 MPa.

Tutorial Sheet 7

1. Design and make a neat dimensioned sketch of a muff coupling which is used to connect two steel

shafts transmitting 40 kW at 350 r.p.m. The material for the shafts and key is plain carbon steel for

which allowable shear and crushing stresses may be taken as 40 MPa and 80 MPa respectively. The

material for the muff is cast iron for which the allowable shear stress may be assumed as 15 MPa.

2. Design a cast iron protective type flange coupling to transmit 15 kW at 900 r.p.m. from an electric

motor to a compressor. The service factor may be assumed as 1.35. The following permissible stresses

may be used :

Shear stress for shaft, bolt and key material = 40 MPa, Crushing stress for bolt and key = 80 MPa and

Shear stress for cast iron = 8 MPa. Draw a neat sketch of the coupling.

3. Design and draw a protective type of cast iron flange coupling for a steel shaft transmitting 15 kW at

200 r.p.m. and having an allowable shear stress of 40 MPa. The working stress in the bolts should not

exceed 30 MPa. Assume that the same material is used for shaft and key and that the crushing stress is

twice the value of its shear stress. The maximum torque is 25% greater than the full load torque. The

shear stress for cast iron is 14 MPa.

4. Design and draw a cast iron flange coupling for a mild steel shaft transmitting 90 kW at 250 r.p.m. The

allowable shear stress in the shaft is 40 MPa and the angle of twist is not to exceed 1° in a length of 20

diameters. The allowable shear stress in the coupling bolts is 30 MPa.

5. Design a bushed-pin type of flexible coupling to connect a pump shaft to a motor shaft transmitting 32

kW at 960 r.p.m. The overall torque is 20 percent more than mean torque. The material properties are as

follows :

(a) The allowable shear and crushing stress for shaft and key material is 40 MPa and

80 MPa respectively.

(b) The allowable shear stress for cast iron is 15 MPa.

(c) The allowable bearing pressure for rubber bush is 0.8 N/mm2.

(d) The material of the pin is same as that of shaft and key.

Draw neat sketch of the coupling.

Tutorial Sheet 8

1. A flanged pipe with internal diameter as 200 mm is subjected to a fluid pressure of 0.35 N/mm2. The

elevation of the flange is shown in the figure. The flange is connected by means of eight M 16 bolts.

The pitch circle diameter of the bolts is 290 mm. If the thickness of the flange is 20 mm, find the

working stress in the flange.

2. Design and draw an oval flanged pipe joint for a pipe having 50 mm bore. It is subjected to an internal

fluid pressure of 7 N/mm2. The maximum tensile stress in the pipe material is not to exceed 20 MPa and

in the bolts 60 MPa.

3. Design a square flanged pipe joint for pipes of internal diameter 50 mm subjected to an internal fluid

pressure of 7 N/mm2. The maximum tensile stress in the pipe material is not to exceed 21 MPa and in

the bolts 28 MPa.

4. A power screw having double start square threads of 25 mm nominal diameter and 5 mm pitch is acted

upon by an axial load of 10 kN. The outer and inner diameters of screw collar are 50 mm and 20 mm

respectively. The coefficient of thread friction and collar friction may be assumed as 0.2 and 0.15

respectively. The screw rotates at 12 r.p.m. Assuming uniform wear condition at the collar and

allowable thread bearing pressure of 5.8 N/mm2, find: (a) the torque required to rotate the screw (b) the

stress in the screw and (c) the number of threads of nut in engagement with screw.

5. A triple-threaded power screw, used in a screw jack, has a nominal diameter of 50 mm and a pitch of 8

mm. The threads are square and the length of the nut is 48 mm. The screw jack is used to lift a load of

7.5 kN. The coefficient of friction at the threads is 0.12 and the collar friction is negligible. Calculate:

(a) The principal shear stress in the screw body.

(b) The transverse shear stresses in the screw and the nut.

© The unit bearing pressure.

State whether the screw is self-locking.

STEAM GENERATION AND POWER (ME-311)

Course Educational Objectives (CEOs) : -

1. To provide the students basic knowledge about the thermal power plant.

2. To introduce the students about the fundamental process of steam generation and steam generators.

3. To teach the students about different types of boilers used in thermal power plants.

4. To make student aware about power cycles.

5. To learn about the working of steam engine and steam turbine.

6. To learn the expansion and condensation of steam in the nozzle and condenser respectively.

7. To impart knowledge of various steam turbine and its component.

Course Outcomes (COs) : - i. Students will acquire the basic concept steam generation and steam generators.

ii. Students will gain the knowledge about different kind of boilers and their uses according to its capacity of steam

generation.

iii. Students will able to design the boilers and their component and accessories.

iv. Students will able to analyses the performance of a steam power plant.

v. Students will able to design the nozzle for steam turbine.

vi. Students will gain the knowledge about the generation of electricity by the conversion of chemical energy of

fuel into mechanical energy and further into electrical energy.

vii. Students will able to design the steam turbine for power generation.

ME 311 E STEAM GENERATION & POWER

L T P/D Total Theory: 100 Marks

3 1 - 4 Sessional: 25 marks

Duration of Exam: 03 hours

UNIT I

Introduction; classification of boilers; comparison of fire tube and water tube boiler; their advantages; description of

boiler; Lancashire; locomotive; Babcock; Wilcox etc.; boiler mountings; stop valve; safety valve; blow off valve;

feed check etc.; water level indicator; fusible plug; pressure gauge; boiler accessories; feed pump; feed water heater;

preheater; superheater; economizer; natural draught chimney design; artificial draught; stream jet draught;

mechanical draught; calculation of boiler efficiency and equivalent evaporation(no numerical problem)

UNIT II

Carnot cycle; simple and modified Rankine cycle; effect of operating parameters on rankine cycle performance;

effect of superheating; effect of maximum pressure; effect of exhaust pressure; reheating and regenerative Rankine

cycle; types of feed water heater; reheat factor; binary vapour cycle.

Simple steam engine, compound engine; function of various components.

UNIT III

Function of steam nozzle; shape of nozzle for subsonics and supersonics flow of stream; variation of velocity; area

of specific volume; steady state energy equation; continuity equation; nozzle efficiency; critical pressure ratio for

maximum discharge; physical explanation of critical pressure; super saturated flow of steam; design of steam

nozzle.

Advantage of steam condensation; component of steam condensing plant; types of condensers; air leakage in

condensers; Dalton‘s law of partial pressure; vacuum efficiency; calculation of cooling water requirement; air

expansion pump.

UNIT IV

Introduction; classification of steam turbine; impulse turbine; working principal; compounding of impulse turbine;

velocity diagram; calculation of power output and efficiency; maximum efficiency of a single stage impulse turbine;

design of impulse turbine blade section; impulse reaction turbine; working principle; degree of reaction; parsons

turbine; velocity diagram; calculation of power output; efficiency of blade height; condition of maximum efficiency;

internal losses in steam turbine; governing of steam turbine.

Text Books :

1. Thermal Engineering – P L Ballaney, Khanna Publishers

2. Thermodynamics and Heat Engines vol II – R Yadav, Central Publishing House

Reference Books :

1. Applied Thermodynamics for Engineering Technologists – T D Eastop and A McConkey, Pearson

Education

2. Heat Engineering – V P Vasandani and D S Kumar, Metropolitan Book Co Pvt Ltd

NOTE: In the semester examination, the examiner will set 8 questions in all, at least two questions from each

unit, and students will be required to attempt only 5 questions, at least one from each unit.

Lecture

No

Lecture Topic

1. Introduction to the boilers, its classification, comparison of fire & water

tube boilers

2. Description of boilers & their mountings and accessories

3. Draught: natural, artificial and mechanical

4. Maximum discharge through chimney, boiler efficiency, equivalent

evaporation

5. Steam generation, steam table reading

6. Elements of steam power plant, carnot cycle

7. Simple and modified Rankine cycle

8. Effects of operating parameters on Rankine cycle

9. Reheat cycle

10. Regenerative cycle

11. Binary-vapour cycle

12. Types of feed water heater

13. Simple steam engine

14. Compound engine

15. Functions of components

16. Steam nozzle

17. Subsonic and supersonic flow

18. Nozzle efficiency, critical pressure ratio

19. Super saturated flow

20. Design of nozzle

21. Maximum discharge

22. Steam condenser; types, advantages

23. Dalten‘s law

24. Vaccume efficiency

25. Cooling water requirement

26. Air pump

27. Air leakage

28. Introduction to steam turbines

29. Pressure-velocity diagram

30. Velocity triangle

31. Efficiency of turbine

32. Impulse turbine

1. Reaction turbine

2. Losses in turbine

3. Governing of turbine

4. Revision

TUTORIAL SHEET NO 1

Q.1:- Explain the terms ‗boiler‘ and ‗steam generating unit‘. Give the uses of steam produced by the boilers.

Q.2:- How are the boilers classified? Compare ‗Fire-tube and water-tube‘ boilers.

Q.3:-Write the factors which should be considered while selecting a boiler.

Q.4:- Explain the construction and working of different types of boilers with the help of neat diagram:

Water tube boilers

(i) Simple vertical boiler (ii) Cochran boiler

(iii) Cornish boiler (iv) Locomotive boiler

Fire-tube boilers

(i) Babcock and Wilcox boiler (ii) Stirling boiler

High pressure boilers

(i) LaMont boiler (ii) Benson boiler

Q.5:- Write short notes on the following:

(i) Supercharged boilers (ii) supercritical boilers

(ii) Pulverised fuel firing

Q.6:- Explain with the neat sketch various accessories normally used in a steam generating plant.

Q.7:- What is the function of a steam separator? Discuss with a neat sketch any one.

TUTORIAL SHEET NO 2

Q.1:- What is the function of a boiler chimney? Define the term ‗boiler draught‘.

Q.2:- Define the chimney efficiency and find out expression for the same.

Q.3:- What are the various types of draughts used? What are the advantages of artificial draught over natural

draught?

Q.4:- Derive an expression for maximum discharge rate of gases through the chimney for a given height of the

chimney.

Q.5:-Determine the height and diameter of the chimney used to produce a draught for a boiler which has an

average cool coal consumption of 1950 kg/h and flue gases formed per kg of coal fired are 15 kg. The pressure

losses through the system are given below : Pressure loss in fuel bed= 7 mm of water, pressure loss in boiler

flues= 7 mm of water, pressure loss in bends= 3 mm of water, pressure loss in chimney= 3 mm of water.

Pressure head equivalent to velocity of flue gases passing through the chimney= 1.3 mm of water. The

temperatures of ambient air and flue gases are 35°C and 310°C respectively. Assume actual draught is 80% of

theoretical.

Q.6:- A 30 meters high chimney discharge flue gases at 357°C, when the outside temperature is 27°C. air fuel

ratio of 16 is required to burn the coal on the grate. Determine:

(i) The draught in mm of water column.

(ii) The draught produced in terms of height of column of flue gases in meters.

(iii) Volume of flue gases passing through chimney per second if 360 kg of coal is burnt per hour

over the grate.

(iv) The base diameter of chimney if the velocity of flue gases at the base of the chimney is given by

H1= KC2/2, where the value of K= 1.627

TUTORIAL SHEET NO 3

Q.1:- Explain various operation of a carnot cycle. Also represent it on a T-s and p-V diagrams.

Q.2:- Explain with the help of diagram a ‗Rankine cycle‘. Derive also an expression for its thermal efficiency.

Q.3:- What are the effects of operating parameters on rankine cycle performance; effect of superheating,

maximum pressure, exhaust pressure, reheating and regenerative rankine cycle.

Q.4:- Explain the working of a Binary vapour cycle with neat sketch.

Q.5:- A simple Rankine cycle works b/w pressure of 30bar and 0.04bar, the initial condition of steam being

dry saturated, calculate the cycle efficiency, work ratio and specific steam consumption.

Q.6:- Compare the Renkine efficiency of a high pressure plant operating from 80bar and 400°C and a low

pressure plant operating from 40bar 400°C, if the condenser pressure in both cases is 0.07bar.

TUTORIAL SHEET NO 4

Q.1:- In a steam turbine steam at 20 bar, 360°C is expanded to 0.08 bar. It then enters a condenser, where it is

condensed to saturated liquid water. The pump feeds back the water into the boiler. Assume ideal processes,

find per kg of steam the net work and the cycle efficiency.

Q.2:- In a Rankine cycle, the steam at inlet to turbine is saturated at a pressure of 35 bar and the exhaust

pressure is 0.2 bar.

Determine:

(i) The pump work, (ii) The turbine work,

(iii) The Rankine efficiency, (iv) The condenser heat flow

(v) The dryness at the end of expansion

Assume flow rate of 9.5 kg/s.

Q.3:- Steam at a pressure of 15 bar and 300°C is delivered to the throttle of an engine. The steam expands to 2

bar when release occurs. The steam exhaust takes place at 1.1bar. a performance test gave the result of the

specific steam consumption of 13.8 kg/kWh and a mechanical efficiency of 80%.

Determine:

i) Ideal work or modified Rankine engine work per kg.

ii) Efficiency of the modified rankine engine or ideal thermal efficiency.

iii) The indicated and brake work per kg.

iv) The brake thermal efficiency.

v) The relative efficiency on the basis of indicated work and brake work.

Q.4:- In a regenerative cycle the inlet conditions are 40 bar and 400°C. Steam is bled at 10bar in regenerative

heating. The exit pressure is 0.8bar. Neglecting pump work determines the efficiency of the cycle.Q.5:-

Explain the various parts of a reciprocating steam engine with neat sketch. Also discuss terms applied to the

steam engine.Q.6:- In a single-heater regenerative cycle the steam enters the turbine at 30bar, 400°C and the

exhaust pressure is 0.10bar. The feed water heater is a direct contact type which operates at 5bar. Find:(i) the

efficiency and the steam rate of cycle.(ii) the increase in mean temperature of heat addition, efficiency and

steam rate as compared to the Rankine cycle (without regeneration)

TUTORIAL SHEET NO 6

Q.1:- In a steam nozzle, the steam expands from 4bar to 1 bar. The initial velocity is 60 m/s and the initial

temperature is 200°C. Determine the exit velocity if the nozzle efficiency is 92%.

Q.2:- An impulse turbine having a set of 16 nozzles receives steam at 20 bar, 400°C. The pressure of steam at

exit is 12 bar. If the total discharge is 260 kg/min and nozzle efficiency is 90%, find cross-sectional area of the

exit of each nozzle. If the steam has a velocity of 80 m/s at entry to the nozzles, find the percentage increase in

discharge.

Q.3:- A steam nozzle supplied steam at 15bar 350°C and discharge steam at 1bar. If the diverging portion of

the nozzle is 80 mm long and the throat diameter is 6mm, determine cone angle of the divergent portion.

Assume 12% of total available enthalpy drop is lost in friction in the divergent portion. Also determinethe

velocity and temperature of the steam at throat.

Q.4:- Steam initially dry and saturated is expanded in a nozzle from 12bar to 0.95bar. If the frictional loss in

the nozzle is 10% of the total heat drop, calculate the mass of steam discharge when exit diameter of the

nozzle is 12mm.

Q.5:- Steam at 35bar and 300°C is supplied to a group of six nozzles. The exit pressure of steam is 8bar. The

rate of flow of steam being 5.2 kg/s. Determine:

(i) The dimensions of the nozzle of rectangular cross-section with aspect ratio of 3:1. The

expansion may be considered as metastable and friction negelected.

(ii) The degree of undercooling and supersaturation.

(iii) Loss in available heat drop due to irreversibility.

(iv) Increase in entropy.

(v) Ratio of mass flow rate with metastable expansion to thermal expansion.

Q.6:- Determine the throat area, exit area and exit velocity for a steam nozzle to pass 0.2 kg/s when the inlet

conditions are 12bar and 250°C and the final pressure is 2bar. Assume that the expansion is isentropic and that

the inlet velocity is negligible. Taken n= 1.3 for superheated steam.

Q.7:- A delaval type impulse turbine is to develop 150 kW with a probable consumption of 7.5 kg of steam

per kWh with initial pressure being 12bar and the exhaust 0.15bar. Taking the diameter at the throat of each

nozzle as 6mm, find the numbers of nozzle required. Assume that 10% of the total drop is lost in diverging

part of nozzle, find the diameter at exit of the nozzle and the quality of steam which is to be fully expanded as

it leaves the nozzle.

TUTORIAL SHEET NO 7

Q.1:- Define steam turbine. How are the steam turbines classified?

Q.2:- What do you mean by compounding of steam turbines? Explain the difference b/w an impulse turbine and reaction

turbine.

Q.3:- Explain with the help of neat sketch a single stage impulse turbine. Also explain the pressure and velocity variations

along the axial direction.

Q.4:- Derive the expression for maximum blade efficiency in a single-stage impulse turbine.

Q.5:- Define the term ―degree of reaction‖ used in reaction turbines and prove that it is given by

Rd= Cf (cotɸ - cotθ)/2Cbl when Cf1=Cf0=Cf

Q.6:- Explain ‗reheat factor‘. Why is its magnitude always greater then unity?

Q.7:- Define the following as related to steam turbines:

(i) Speed ratio (ii) Blade velocity co-efficient.

(iii) Diagram efficiency (iv) Stage efficiency

TUTORIAL SHEET NO 8

Q.1:- Steam with absolute velocity of 300 m/s is supplied through a nozzle to single stage impulse turbine. The nozzle angle is

25°. The mean diameter of blade rotor is 1 meter and it has a speed of 2000 r.p.m. Find suitable blade angle for zero axial

thrust. If the blade velocity co-efficient is 0.9 and the steam flow rate is 10 kg/s, calculate the power developed.

Q.2:- In a single-stage impulse turbine the mean diameter of the blade ring is 1 meter and the rotational speed is 3000 r.p.m.

The steam is issued from the nozzle at 300 m/s and nozzle angle is 20°C. the blades are equiangular. If the friction loss in the

blade channel is 19% of the kinetic energy corresponding to the relative velocity at the inlet to the blades, what is the power

developed in the blading when the axial thrust on the blades is 98 N?

Q.3:- The following data refer to a single-stage impulse turbine :

Isentropic nozzle heat drop = 251 kJ/kg; nozzle efficiency= 90%; nozzle angle = 20°; ratio of blade speed to whirl

component of steam speed= 0.5; blade velocity co-efficient= 0.9; the velocity of steam entering the nozzle= 20 m/s.

Determine: (i) The blade angle at inlet and outlet if the steam enters into the blades without shock and leaves the blades in an

axial direction.

(ii) Blade efficiency.

(iii) Power developed and axial thrust if the steam flow is 8 kg/s.

Q.4:- The first stage of an impulse turbine is compounded for velocity and has two rings of moving blades and one ring of

fixed blades. The nozzle angle is 20° and leaving angle of the blades are respectively as follows:

First moving 20°, fixed 25° and second moving 30°. Velocity of steam leaving the nozzles is 600 m/s and steam velocity

relative to the blade is reduced by 10% during the passage through each ring. Find the diagram efficiency and power developed

for a steam flow of 4 kg per second. Blade speed may be taken as 125 m/s.

Q.5:- In a reaction turbine, the fixed blades and moving blades are of the same shape but reversed in direction. The angles of

receiving tips are 35° and of the discharge tips 20°. Find the power developed per pair of blades for a steam consumption of 2.5

kg/s, when the blade speed is 50 m/s. If the heat drop per pair is 10.04 kJ/kg, find the efficiency of the pair.

Q.6:- The following data relate to a stage of reaction turbine:

Mean rotor diameter= 1.5 m; speed ratio= 0.72; blade outlet angle=20°; rotor speed=3000 r.p.m.

Determine: (i) the diagram efficiency.

(ii) The percentage increase in diagram efficiency and rotor speed if the rotor is designed to run at the best

theoretical speed, the exit angle being 20°.

Thermal Engineering (Practical) ME 313 E

L T P/D Total Theory: 25 Marks

- - 2 2 Sessional: 25 marks

Duration of Exam: 03 hours

List of Experiments

1. To make a trial on single cylinder 4-stroke Diesel Engine to calculate B. H. P., S.F.C. and to draw its

characteristics curves.

2. To make a trial on 4-stroke high-speed diesel engine and to draw its Heat Balance Sheet.

3. To make a trial on Wiley‘s jeep Engine at constant speed to calculate B. H. P., S. F. C. Thermal efficiency and

to draw its characteristic Curves.

4. To make Morse Test to calculate IHP of the multi cylinder petrol engine and to determine its mechanical

efficiency.

5. To calculate the isothermal efficiency and volumetric efficiency of a 2 stage reciprocating air compressor.

6. To find out the efficiency of an air Blower.

7. To make a trial on the Boiler to calculate equivalent evaporation and efficiency of the boiler.

8. To study the following models;

a) Gas Turbine b.) Wankle Engine.

9. To study

a. Lubrication and cooling systems employed in various I. C. Engines in the Lab

b. Braking system of automobile in the lab

10. To study a Carburetor.

11. To study (I) the Fuel Injection System of a C. I. Engine. (II) Battery Ignition system of a S. I. Engine

12. To study Cooling Tower.

13. To study multi Cylinder four strokes vertical Diesel Engine test RIG With Hydraulic Dynamometer.

Note: Total Ten experiments must be performed. At least eight experiments should be performed from the

above list. Remaining two experiments may either be performed from the above list or outside the list.

FLUID MACHINES LAB (ME-313E)

Course Educational Objectives (CEOs) : -

1. To teach the students about application of fluid machines.

2. To impart knowledge about the various hydro turbines and pumps.

3. To make students capable to operate different types of hydraulic turbines.

4. To introduce the effect of impact of jet on the objects.

5. To give the knowledge to students about the working of hydraulic turbines and pumps

6. To make students able to analyses the operating parameters and performance of fluid machines.

Course Outcomes (COs) : -

i. Students will be able to use fluid machines for generation of electricity

ii. Students will be able to analyses the performance of fluid machine.

iii. Students will be able to operate the hydraulic turbines.

iv. Students will be able to utilize hydraulic energy of water.

v. Students will be able to demonstrate the working of hydraulic turbines.

vi. Students will be able to design hydro-turbine and pumps.

Fluid Machines (Practical) ME 315 E

L T P/D Total Theory: 25 Marks

- - 2 2 Sessional: 25 marks

Duration of Exam: 03 hours

List of Experiments

1. To study and perform lest on the Pelton wheel and to plot curves Q, P Vs N at full, three fourth gate opening.

2. To study and perform test in the Francis Turbine and to plot curves Q, P Vs N at full, three- fourth gate opening.

3. To study and perform test on the Kaplan Turbine and to plot curves Q, P Vs N at full, three- fourth half

opening.

4. To study and perform test on Centrifugal Pump and to plot curves , Power Vs Q

5. To study and perform test on a Hydraulic Ram and to find its Rankine, Aubussion .

6. To study and perform test on a Reciprocating pump and to plot the P and Vs H

7. To study and perform test on a Gear Pump and to plot the curves Q.P Vs Pressure rise.

8. Study and perform test on a Torque Convertor and to plot the curves & Np.

Heat Transfer Lab (ME-317E)

Course Educational Objectives (CEOs) : -

1. To empowered the students how to calculate the thermal conductivities of different materials.

2. To educate the students how to calculate the thermal resistance of different geometries.

3. To impart knowledge about the calculation of the convective heat transfer.

4. To impart the students knowledge how heat transfer area is increased by using fins.

5. To educate the students how radiant energy is transferred through different bodies.

6. To make the students able to calculate the effectiveness of heat exchangers.

Course Outcomes (COs) : -

i. Students will be able to calculate the thermal conductivies of solid and liquid.

ii. Students will understand about the thermal resistance and able to calculate it experimently for different

geometries.

iii. Students will be able to calculate the heat transfer rate and convection heat transfer coefficient in natural

convection.

iv. Students will be able to calculate the effectiveness of heat exchangers.

v. Students will understand about the fins and able to increase the heat transfer rate by using fins.

vi. Students will understand about the radiative heat transfer and able to calculate the Steafen Boltzman

constant experimently.

vii. Students will be able to calculate the heat transfer rate by all the thre

Heat Transfer (Practical) ME 317 E

L T P/D Total Theory: 25 Marks

- - 2 2 Sessional: 25 marks

Duration of Exam: 03 hours

List of Experiments

1. Determination of thermal conductivity of a metal rod

2. Determination of thermal conductivity of an insulating powder

3. Determination of thermal conductivity of a liquid using Guard plate method

4. Determination of thermal resistance of a composite wall

5. Temperature distribution of a pin fin in free-convection

6. Temperature distribution of a pin fin in forced-convection

7. Forced convection heat transfer from a cylindrical surface

8. Determination of Electiveness of a Heat exchanger

9. Determination of Stefan-Boltzman constant

10. Performance of Solar still

11. Determination of critical heat flux

12. Performance of solar water heater

13. Measurement of solar radiation using solar integrator.

Note: Total Ten experiments must be performed. At least eight experiments should be performed from the

above list. Remaining two experiments may either be performed from the above list or outside the list.

Industrial Engineering Lab (ME-319E)

Course Educational Objectives (CEOs) : -

1. To prepare the plant layout of workshop.

2. To make the students able to prepare various charts and diagrams as recording techniques for industrial

activities.

3. To impart students basic knowledge on the various organizational theories and structure.

4. To make the students learn to calculate the standard time for a given job work.

5. To teach the students about ABC classification of inventories.

6. To educate the students about making decision about process capability on the basis of control charts such as X

bar chart, R chart, P chart etc.

7. To make the students able to conduct case study and prepare report on the same.

Course Outcomes (COs) : -

i. Student will acquire the practical knowledge of various types of plant layouts, their advantages, limitations, and

applications.

ii. Student will get to understand the practical applications of various recording techniques and control charts

presently used in industries.

iii. Student will be able to draw flow process chart, two handed process chart, multiple activity charts for various

practical operations.

iv. Student will develop the confidence of preparing a report on case study.

v. Students will be able to determine standard time for a given job under specified conditions

vi. Students will get familiar with the structure and functions of various organizations.

vii. Students will be able to categorize the inventories in production system by the method of ABC analysis.

Industrial Engineering (Practical) ME 319 E

L T P/D Total Theory: 25 Marks

- - 2 2 Sessional: 25 marks

Duration of Exam: 03 hours

List of Experiments

1. To study various Rating Factor systems and find standard time for making small sand mould.

2. To study various plat layouts and suggest improvements in existing Machines Shop layout.

3. To study and draw organizational structure of a near by industry and suggest changes.

4. To draw X and R charts for a given sample of products to check their acceptance.

5. To draw p chart for a given product lot and verify its acceptance

6. Draw a flow process chart with time estimates for a simple welding process.

7. Draw a two handed process chart for a simple process of a job preparation on a lathe.

8. To study various purchase procedures and draw organizational structure of college purchase department.

9. A case study on ABC/VED analysis.

10. A case study on Quality Improvement Techniques (e.g. Hostel Mess/ Workshop / Canteen etc.)

11. A market survey and analysis.

12. A ―preliminary project report‖ preparation for any small-scale unit.

Note: Total Ten experiments must be performed. At least eight experiments should be performed from the

above list. Remaining two experiments may either be performed from the above list or outside the list.