STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEMBiology 9: Moretti & Dickson

Bio 9B: Tuesday, January 11, 2011Title: Structure & Function of Nerve Cells

Homework: Complete Post-Lab Conclusions for Wednesday. Write a draft of the “Final Assessment” on a separate sheet of

paper for Tuesday

Do Now: Complete the Cell Specialization Do Now

Today’s Objectives: Describe how different types of cells have different structures

to fit their functions Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that

allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their

major components

• Cell Specialization Do Now• Nervous System Notes – Day 1• Reaction Time Lab – Day 1

Agenda

Objectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

Investigate Cell SpecializationSpecialized Cells have Specialized Structures

“Typical” Cell “Mystery” Cell

• Nervous System Notes – Day 1• Reaction Time Lab – Day 1

Agenda

Neurons:Structure and Function

Objectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the

body

Neurons Neuron = a specialized nerve cell

Function: communicate with body organs by sending electrical signals (impulses)

Structure: Long branches send and

receive signals Cell body coordinates

incoming and outgoing signals

Neurons:Structure and Function

Objectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the

body

Dendrites: branched extensions, carry impulses toward cell body

Cell Body: nucleus & organelles

Axon: Takes impulses away from cell body

Neurons:Structure and Function

Objectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the

body

Axon

Dendrites

Cell Bod

y

Nervous System:The 2 Major Divisions

Central Nervous System Brain and spinal cord

Brain: Processes information and controls responses

Spinal cord: Links brain to other nerves and controls reflex responses.

Peripheral Nervous System All other nerves throughout the

body Motor Neurons send info

from brain to muscles Sensory Neurons send info

from sense organs to brainImage: Adam, Inc.; http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/08/01/health/adam/8679.jpg

Objectives for Class:• Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their major components

Nervous System:Major Divisions Working Together

Objectives for Class:• Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their major components

• Reaction Time Lab – Day 1

Agenda

Patrick

Trevon

Julian

Whitney

McHenley

Zuri

Ricardo

NancyAser

Andre

Natalie N

Emily

Israel

Harold

Leela

Alex

Leslie Larissa

Natalie G

TomEmperor

Reaction Time Lab

Jamesley

Grace

Lab: Testing the Reaction Time of Different Muscle Groups

Abstract:When a glass drops from a table and shatters, you turn your head to see what happened. This is just one example of how your nervous system senses and responds to stimuli. In this lab, we will test how fast you can react to various stimuli. First, I’ll need a volunteer with cat-like reflexes for a quick demonstration. Then, you’ll test the reaction time of different muscle groups (fingers vs. arms) by measuring how far a meter stick falls before you can catch it.

Demo Complete Pre-lab Part I – Measuring Reaction Time of Finger Muscles

Complete Lab and Record Data Part II – Measuring Reaction Time of Arm Muscles

Complete Lab and Record Data

Objectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

Reaction Time Lab: Class Averages

Group Name Finger Reaction Time (cm)

Arm Reaction Time (cm)

Grace & Emily :D 14.9 cm 17.3 cmLeela and Natalie G 7.55 17.8

Class Average

Bio 9B: Monday, January 17, 2011Title: No Class – MLK Day

Homework:

Do Now:

Today’s Objectives:

Bio 9B: Tuesday, January 18, 2011Title: Reaction Time- Day 2

Homework: Complete Post-Lab Conclusions for Wednesday. Write a draft of the “Final Assessment” on a separate

sheet of paper for Tuesday Do Now:

What is the difference between a dendrite and an axon? How do they relate to the overall function of a neuron?

Today’s Objectives: Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System

and their major components Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain

that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

Double Block

•Complete Reaction Time Lab• Notes: Nerve Impulses

Agenda

Lab: Testing the Reaction Time of Different Muscle Groups

Abstract:When a glass drops from a table and shatters, you turn your head to see what happened. This is just one example of how your nervous system senses and responds to stimuli. In this lab, we will test how fast you can react to various stimuli. First, I’ll need a volunteer with cat-like reflexes for a quick demonstration. Then, you’ll test the reaction time of different muscle groups (fingers vs. arms) by measuring how far a meter stick falls before you can catch it.

Demo Complete Pre-lab Part I – Measuring Reaction Time of Finger Muscles

Complete Lab and Record Data Part II – Measuring Reaction Time of Arm Muscles

Complete Lab and Record Data

Objectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

Reaction Time Lab: Class Averages

Group Name Finger Reaction Time (cm)

Arm Reaction Time (cm)

Grace & Emily :D 14.9 cm 17.3 cmLeela and Natalie G 7.55cm 17.8cmAser and Patrick 20.2 cm 12.4 cmNancy & Emperor 15.1cm 15.6cmLarissa Santana & Natalie Nunez

15.3 13.8

Alex and Israel 17.5 20.7Ricardo and Julian 11.2 21.3Whitney and Leslie 14.1 19.45Harold=Big H & Tommy

21.2cm 17.8cm

Zuri & Trevon 17.2 15.1Mchenley & James 15 17Class Average 15.2 17.1

Neurons:Structure and Function

Objectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the

body

Axon: Takes impulses away from cell body

Dendrites: branched extensions, carry impulses toward cell body

Cell Body: nucleus & organelles

Nerve Impulse:A “wave” of electricity that travels through the neuron

3 Steps of a Nerve Impulse:

1. Dendrites are stimulated by a stimulus (environment or other neuron).

2. Electric impulse travels to cell body.

3. Cell body sends an impulse down the axon to the axon terminals.

Objectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

Stimulus! (Sound, smell, sight, taste,

another neuron’s signal)

The “wave” of a nerve impulse

Objectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

Neurons communicate with other cells

Muscle cell

Motor neuron

Synapse:The place where a neuron connects to another cell

Other neurons

Objectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

Communication At the Synapse

1. Axon terminal releases neurotransmitter (a tiny signal molecule).

2. Neurotransmitter diffuses across synapse and signals the next cell.

3. This triggers an impulse in the next cell.

Objectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

Communication w/ Muscle Cells

Bio 9B: Wednesday, January 19, 2011Title: Prep/ Catch-up/ Revise

Homework: Complete the “Final Assessment” and prepare for open

notes quiz tomorrow (you will only have access to the essay you complete tonight for HW and not the rest of your notebook, handouts, etc.)

We start exam review in the second half of tomorrow’s double block

Do Now: Prepare to get a computer by getting out your materials and

sitting silently for my next instruction.

Today’s Objectives: Catch up on work that needs to be completed

Prep/ Catch-up/ Revise Use this period to:

Complete the “Final Assessment” for the Reaction Lab

Complete any missing assignments that are due tomorrow as the FINAL deadline

Revise any revisable work

Bio 9B: Thursday, January 20, 2011Title: Structure & Movement Open Quiz

Homework: You must complete studying for at least your 1st TWO

Priorities by Monday in order to work in groups! If you can complete more of the process, then you should do!

Do Now: Take out the “Final Assessment” Essay due today and put all

other materials in your backpacks.

Today’s Objectives: Demonstrate your understanding of how the nervous,

skeletal, and muscle systems all work together to make you move

Begin Preparing for Exams

Overview of Midterm Preparation Overview/ explanation of review process

Steps For Mid-Term Review: 1. Students individually rank their

understanding and prioritize studying2. Students individually assemble their

materials for the 1st priority3. Begin individual study/ review of that unit 4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for your next

priorities of studying

Structure & Movement Final Assessment

No talking

If you have a question or need something from your bag, please raise your hand and ask permission

When done, please put your quiz face down on the kidney table and staple the Reaction Time Lab to it

Begin the First Steps of the Midterm Review Process

Midterm Preparation Individually rank your understanding and prioritize

studying

Individually assemble your materials for the 1st priority

If time allows, begin individual study/ review of that unit.

You must complete studying for at least your 1st TWO

Priorities by Monday in order to work in groups! If you can complete more of the process, then you should

do!