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8/4/2019 Structural Principle of Conversation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/structural-principle-of-conversation 1/15
STRUCTURAL PRINCIPLE OF CONVERSATION
AHMAD IZZUDDIN B AZMANZULEIRA BT MANSORINDO SYARIFAH BT EMBOK RAUBFASIHAH BT MOHD JAMIL
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The Structure of Communication
TemporalStructure
Synchronous (real time)
Asynchronous
DistributiveStructure
One-to-One
One-to-Many
Many-to-Many
IntentionalStructure
Private
Public
PresenceStructure Unmediated
Mediated
Persistence
Structure
Persistent
Impersistent
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8/4/2019 Structural Principle of Conversation
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EFECTIVE SPEAKERKnow exactlywhat you want
Be confidentPolitenessAppreciativeGood ListenerBe fairBe sensitiveBe respectful
Be clearExplain why they are
entrusted for the task.Be specific
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HOW TO ASSIGN THE TASK.
Use imperative form.- Please finish the work tomorrow- Do wait here
Use a modal verb to turn the order intoa request.- C ould you make me some tea?- C an you give me the notes?- Will you shut the door?
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HOW TO ASSIGN THE TASK.
Use an introductory phrase to soften the order.- Would you mind possibly moving your car?
It's parked right in front of mine.- Do you think you could do this photocopying
for me?- If you have a couple of minutes spare, the
office needs tidying up.
Use sequencing words- F irstly- Secondly
- Than
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Turn taking
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A conversation between two people implies anagreement between them that each will have a
turn to express his or her ideas.
3 basic signals used as part of the process :Turn yielding signals by the speaker, for instance
changes in loudness, intonation and pronunciation ;particular body movement; and the use of stereotyped phrasesInterruption-suppressing signals by the speaker,
particularly hand-gesturesBack-channel signals (feedback signals) by thelistener, the purpose of which considered to be toenhance the speaker s contribution rather thaninterrupt it.
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Integrates ± visual behavior & attention ±
facial expression & animation ± body posture ± vocalization & lip synchronization
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EXAMPLES
He didn t listen to a word I said!
I just had to sit there and listen to
him wittering on!
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M ODERATION
Moderation is also known as modesty
The meaning of moderation is reserve orappropriate in speech, dress or behavior andlack of pretentiousness.
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Modesty may be expressed in socialinteraction by communicating in a wayexhibiting humility, shyness.The quality or state of being modest; thatlowly temper which accompanies a moderateestimate of one's own worth and importance;absence of self-assertion, arrogance, andpresumption; humility respecting one's ownmerit.
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Modesty in speaking
We must be modest in our words. What is
spoken;how
it is spoken; andto whom
it isspoken.
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EXA M PLES DIALOGUE OF
M ODESTY can you please shut the window
excuse me sir, can I help you
sorry, I beg your pardon can I help you
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THE ENDuuuuuu