Strategic Urban Development Plan for Homa Bay Municipality (2008-2030)

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HOMA BAY



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STRATEGIC URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLANFOR HOMA BAY MUNICIPALITY(2008-2030)

STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR ENVIRONMENTALGOVERNANCE AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION

United Nations Human Settlement Programme (UN-HABITAT)Nairobi, 2010



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STRATEGIC URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLANFOR HOMA BAY MUNICIPALITY (2008-2030)

STRATEGIC URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR HOMA BAY MUNICIPALITY (2008-2030)Strategic Planning or Environmental Governance and Poverty Alleviation

Copyright © United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) 2010

All rights reserved

United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT)

P.O. Box 30030 00100 Nairobi GPO KENYA

Tel: 254-020-7623120 (Central O ce)

www.unhabitat.org

HS/123/10EISBN (Series): 978-92-1-132031-2ISBN (Volume): 978-92-1-132234-7

Disclaimer

The designations employed and the presentation o material in this publication do not implythe expression o any opinion whatsoever on the part o the secretariat o the United Nationsconcerning the legal status o any county, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning thedelimitation o its rontiers or boundaries regarding its economic system or degree o development.Excerpts may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated.Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily refect those o theUnited Nations Human Settlements Programme, the United Nations and its member states.

Cover photo © UN-HABITAT

Editor: Roman Rollnick

Design and layout: Andrew Ondoo



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FOREWORD

A C K N

OWL E D

GE ME NT

Lake Victoria is the secondlargest fresh water lake inthe world. With over 200

s species it is t e source olivelihood and development foran estimated 25 million people

who live within its catchmentarea. o support their effortsto achieve the Millennium

Development Goals, UN-Habitat, in collaboration withthe national governments of the riparian countries ofLake Victoria, is engaged in various initiatives in theregion. Tese initiatives aim to promote environmentalustaina i ity an re uce poverty t roug improveettlement planning, management and governance.

Most of the effort is focused on the secondary urbancentres around Lake Victoria which are experiencingvery rapid urbanization rates varying between 3 and 7percent per annum.

Despite t is rapi growt a stu y un erta en y

UN-Habitat revealed that most of these secondarytowns did have any plan to accommodate rapidrowth. Several towns had no plan at all while the

plans of others were completed out of date andovertaken by reality. For this reason UN-HABI Aupport to these secondary towns centers two key

areas: (I) to help these towns prepare forward lookingplans including the spatial conguration of growth;and (II) strengthening the capacity of these secondarytowns to prepare and implement their respective. Botht ese tec nica aspects o t e project are un erpinneby a third area – that of urban management and

overnance.

A key area of innovation has been the adoption ofnew planning approaches. Tese approaches are a farcry from the traditional Master Plan approach which

as een wi e y iscre ite in t e region ecause o itsineffectiveness. Such plans are notoriously inexiblein accommodating unforeseen changes. Tey alsodo not seek the participation and ownership of keytakeholders, including the private sector, in the design

and implementation process. Most importantly,

perhaps, is the fact that the old planning approach isnot linked to the resource allocation and budgetingprocesses.

Te Homa Bay Strategic Urban DevelopmentPlan is one in a series of six similar plans which havebeen prepared under Phase One of the UN-Habitatupporte Ur an P anning programme in t e La e

Victoria region of Kenya, Uganda, and anzania. Tisplan is meant to support our Water and Sanitationproject in the region’s municipalities. It is my sincerehope that this plan will also be found useful forui ing ot er eve opment initiatives an projects in

the municipality.I would like to thank all who contributed to this

plan whose process was led by Jossy Materu, Chief ofUrban Design and Planning Services.

Dr. Anna Kajumulo ibaijukaExecutive Director, UN-HABI A



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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

SUMMARY

Te level of urbanization is strongly correlated tothe level of economic development, but the annualrowth rates of each are not closely linked since

ur anization o ten procee s apace even in perio s oeconomic stagnation or decline (Fay and Opal, 2000,cited in Kessides, 2006).

Urbanization in Kenya is growing at a very fast rateof approximately 7% per annum. Te agriculturalector continues to be strained by heavy competition

in wor mar ets, re uction in arm an s ue toincrease in population and unpredictable climaticconditions.

It is projected that, by 2020, half of Kenya'spopulation will be urban. Tis fact is compoundedby the following numerous challenges in Homa Bay:

UNPLANNED AND UNCOORDINATED URBANGROWTH

Hap azar ur an growt o t e Municiapa ity oHoma Bay (MoHB) has led to the decay in varyingdegrees of the natural and human environments inthe area. In a nutshell, these include: a proliferation oflums and squatter settlements in the town, and lack

o a equate provision o various services suc as roa s, water supply, sewerage reticulation and solid-wastecollection, among others. Tis has contributed to thedestruction of the aesthetic quality of the MoHB.

INADEQUATE TRANSPORT ANDINFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES

In the area covered by the MoHB most developments,

especia y ow-income ousing provision, come e oreinfrastructure provision to the site of development. Asa result, the ones that were there previously are strainedas additional developments come into existence.

Among the inadequate facilities and services include:olid waste management system, road networks, water

provision an sewage isposa systems. As a resu t, t eMunicipal Council of Homa Bay (MCHB) is usuallyoverstretched or simply remains reluctant to providethe various services to such areas.

POOR HOUSING CONDITIONS

Tere is a mismatch between housingdevelopment and community facilities with thepopulation. A large number of the residents ofHoma Bay ive in su -stan ar we ings anettlements. Tis has been brought about by informalettlements in the area.

UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNDEREMPLOYMENT

A decline in employment opportunities is slowlycreeping into the MoHB. Fishing, which hastraditionally been the main economic activity practicedin the MoHB, is fast dwindling due to various factorsuc as t e over-exp oitation o s in La e Victoria

due to increased population; water pollution in thelake; and the resultant water hyacinth menace that hasrendered most boating lanes inaccessible; falling waterlevels in the lake; and the receding shorelines.

Moreover, the shipping route is also endangered.e arge government erries t at p ie t e s ipping

route to the City of Kisumu have since been recalledbecause of increased difficulties in berthing due tothe declining water levels and the problems resultingfrom the water hyacinth. Tis has contributed to there uction o emp oyment opportunities an increaseunderemployment.

INADEQUATE CAPACITY OF INSTITUTIONS

Among t e important epartments t at accapacity in Homa Bay is the own Planning Unit andcomplimentary technical departments. Exacerbating

this existing situation is low budgetary provision forroad construction and service provision.

INEFFECTIVE PARTICIPATION IN PLANNINGPROCESSES

Lac o proper spatia p anning to gui e eve opmentof the MoHB makes it difficult for the MCHB toinvolve local communities in the identication oftheir problems and alleviation. Te private sector hasalso been sidelined in this venture and consequently,assistance in up i ting t e iving stan ar s o peop e islow. Tis leaves a lot to be done by the MCHB, which

itself is inefficient.



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INCREASED DETERIORATION OFENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

Te location of the MoHB on the shore of LakeVictoria implies that planning be done very carefullyto protect the freshwater lake which forms a fragileecosystem. Tis has, however, not been the case inthe MoHB.

Te inadequate off-site and on-site waste-waterdisposal contributes signicantly in the deterioratingenvironmental quality. Direct discharge of raw sewageinto the lake causes highscale water pollution, hencethe growth of water hyacinth.

INCREASED POVERTY LEVELS

Tis is the summary of the critical issues expressedabove. Poverty in the MoHB is exemplied throughthe following factors:

Lack of food security •

Poor housing conditions•

Mushrooming of slums and squatter settlements•

Increased insecurity •

Dwindling health standards, high under-5•

mortality rates, low life expectancy and highprevalence of HIV-AIDS

Inequitable resource distribution•

METHODOLOGY

Planning generally refers to the deliberate proceduralinterventions aimed at improving the quality of life ofa people. In this regard, it involved a review of theSituational Analysis for Homa Bay Municipalitythathad been prepared by UN-Habitat, relevant legislativeand policy frameworks for land use planning, goalsand objectives, population growth trends, futuretown growth models and town form. Tese providedinformation that was synthesized further to elaboratevarious plan proposals based on the proposed visionfor Homa Bay municipality by its key stakeholders.

An integrated approach was taken in the planningprocess aimed at providing a balance between allthe needs of the local people over a period of timeextending to the year 2030.

CHAPTER SYNOPSES

Chapter 1 introduces the plan report. It traces thespatial and temporal growth of the MoHB on the basisof its contextual position at the national, regional andlocal levels. It highlights the urbanization process,administrative function, problem statement and themethodology employed in the planning process.

Chapter 2 presents the Goal, specic objectives,theme, justication of the plan and broad strategiesaddressed.

Chapter 3 presents the regional setting, indicatingthe location and historical growth of Homa Bay.

Chapter 4 provides the physiographic analysis.It presents the topography and drainage, geologyand soils, vegetation, wildlife and all other relatedcharacteristics.

Chapter 5 presents the population and demographiccharacteristics

Chapter 6 critically assesses the existing housing andhuman settlements

Chapter 7 provides an analysis of predominanteconomic activities

Chapter 8 highlights infrastructure and utilities

Chapter 9 provides an overview of existing socialservices and community facilities

Chapter 10 presents an analysis of the institutionaland legal framework within which the planningprocess operates

Chapter 11 outlines the plan proposals

Chapter 12 articulates action plans for thedevelopment of the MoHB



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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS

CKNOWLEDGEMENT IIIEXECUTIVE SUMMARY IVABLE OF CONTENTS VI

LIST OF TABLES, FIGURES AND MAPS XBBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS XI

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT 1

CHAPTER 2: BROAD GOAL, OBJECTIVES & STRATEGIES 3

2.1 GOAL 32.2 THEME AND FOCUS 32.3 JUSTIFICATION 32.4 BROAD STRATEGIES OF THE PLAN: 3

CHAPTER 3: REGIONAL SETTING 5

3.1 LOCATION 53.2 HISTORICAL GROWTH 5

CHAPTER 4: PHYSIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS 6

.1 TOPOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE 6

.2 GEOLOGICAL AND SOIL CHARACTERISTICS 64.2.1 Rocks 64.2.2 Soils 6

.3 CLIMATE 64.3.1 Rain all 64.3.2 Winds 64.3.3 Temperatures 6

.4 VEGETATION CHARACTERISTICS 6

.5 WILDLIFE 7

.6 NATURAL RESOURCES 8

.7 URBAN FORM 8

.8 ENVIRONMENT ISSUES 84.8.1 Water Pollution 84.8.2 Air Pollution 84.8.3 Noise Pollution 8

.9 OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES 84.9.1 Topography 84.9.2 Drainage And Hydrology 94.9.3 Soils And Geology 94.9.4 Vegetation 94.9.5 Wildli e 9

CHAPTER 5: POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS 10

5.1 POPULATION ANALYSIS 105.1.1 Population Size 105.1.2 Structure And Composition 105.1.3 Population Densities 105.1.4 Projections 10

5.1.5 Population Distribution And Densities 11



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5.2 DEMOGRAPHIC DYNAMICS 115.2.1 Average Household Sizes 115.2.2 Dependency Ratio 115.2.3 Sex Ratio 115.2.4 Fertility Rate 125.2.5 Li e Expectancy 125.2.6 Migration Trends 12

5.3 DEMOGRAPHIC CHALLENGES 12

CHAPTER 6: HOUSING AND HUMAN SETTLEMENTS 13

6.1 LAND TENURE 136.2 EXISTING ZONING 136.3 PLOT SIZES 146.4 HOUSE TYPOLOGIES 146.5 HOUSING DENSITIES 146.6 BUILDING MATERIALS 14

6.6.1 Ventilation And Lighting 166.6.2 Level O Services And Facilities 16

6.7 OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES 16

CHAPTER 7: ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES 17

7.1 FISHING 177.2 INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES 17

7.2.1 Formal Industries 177.2.2 In ormal Industries 187.2.3 Potential For Industries 18

7.3 COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES-FORMAL AND INFORMAL ACTIVITIES 187.3.1 Trade In The Fishing Sub-Sector 187.3.2 Formal Commercial Activities 187.3.3 In ormal Commercial Activities 18

7.4 AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES 197.5 TOURISM 197.6 OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES 19

7.6.1 Fishing 19

7.6.2 Industries 207.6.3 Construction Industry 207.6.4 Agriculture 207.6.5 Trade 207.6.6 Transport 207.6.7 Tourism 20

CHAPTER 8: INFRASTRUCTURE AND UTILITIES 21

8.1 WATER 218.1.1 Water Supply 218.1.2 Water Demand 21

8.2 SANITATION 218.2.1 Sewerage System 21

8.2.2 Septic Tanks And Soak Pits 218.2.3 Pit Latrines 218.2.4 Storm Water Drainage 218.2.5 Waste Water Disposal 22

8.3 SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM 228.3.1 Solid Waste Generation 228.3.2 Storage 228.3.3 Sorting O Waste 228.3.4 Collection 228.3.5 Disposal Site 228.3.6 Waste Management Challenges 22

8.4 ENERGY 22

8.4.1 Electricity 228.4.2 Petroleum Fuels 228.4.3 Wood Fuel 228.4.4 Other Sources O Energy 22



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8.5 STREET-LIGHTING 238.6 TRANSPORTATION 23

8.6.1 Transportation Demand 238.6.2 Trip Generation 238.6.3 Road Transport 238.6.4 Motorized Versus Non-Motorized Transport 248.6.5 Terminal Facilities 248.6.6 Parking Facilities 248.6.7 Air Transport 248.6.8 Water Transport/Transport In Maritime Space 24

CHAPTER 9: SOCIAL SERVICES AND COMMUNITY FACILITIES 25

9.1 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES 259.1.1 Distance Traveled To School 259.1.2 Existing Facilities 259.1.3 School Dropout Rates 259.1.4 Challenges 259.1.5 Suggested Solutions 25

9.2 HEALTH FACILITIES 269.2.1 Health-Care Provision In MoHB 26

9.2.2 Disease Prevalence 269.2.3 HIV Prevalence Rate 279.2.4 Challenges Facing Provision O Health Services 27

9.3 RELIGIOUS FACILITIES 279.4 SOCIAL FACILTIES 28

9.4.1 Library Facilities 289.4.2 Markets And Shopping Centres 289.4.3 Recreational Facilities 289.4.4 Civic And Administration Facilities 289.4.5 Homes For People With Special Needs 289.4.6 Police Stations And Prisons 289.4.7 Post O ce 289.4.8 Fire-Fighting Facilities 289.4.9 Cemeteries 299.4.10 Public Toilets 299.4.11 Slaughter Facilities 29

9.5 CHALLENGES RELATED TO RECREATIONAL FACILITIES 29

CHAPTER 10: INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK 30

10.1 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 3010.1.1 Director O Physical Planning 3010.1.2 Local Authority 3010.1.3 Municipal Physical Planning Liaison Committee 30

10.2 LEGAL FRAMEWORK 3010.2.1 The Constitution O Kenya, Section 11 3010.2.2 Physical Planning Act Cap 286 3110.2.3 Physical Planners Registration Act, Number 3 o 1996 3110.2.4 The Local Government Act Cap 265 (1965) 3110.2.5 Environment Management And Coordination Act (1999) 3110.2.6 Public Health Act Cap 242 (1967) 3110.2.7 Agriculture Act (1968) 3210.2.8 Land Control Act Cap 302 3210.2.9 Land Acquisition Act Cap 295 32

10.3 OTHER POLICY DOCUMENTS THAT CONTROL PLANNING 3210.3.1 The Building Code, 1968 3210.3.2 The Building Code, 1995 3210.3.3 The Physical Planning Handbook 3210.3.4 The National Land Policy 32

10.4 CRITICAL EMERGING ISSUES ON LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 3310.5 SUMMARY OF OVERALL EMERGING ISSUES 34



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CHAPTER 11: PLAN PROPOSALS 34

11.1 CONSTRAINTS MAP 3411.2 OPPORTUNITIES MAP 3411.3 PROPOSALS MAP 34

11.3.1 Promote The CBD As A Hub O Activities. 3411.3.2 Land 35

11.4 WATER AND SANITATION 36

11.5 TRANSPORTATION 3711.6 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 37

11.6.1 Public Purpose Land Uses 3711.6.2 Industrial Development 3811.6.3 Housing Development 3811.6.4 Recreation 38

CHAPTER 12: THE ACTION PLANS 40

12.1 ACTION PLANS 4012.1.1 Physical And Environmental Characteristics 4012.1.2 Human Settlements 4212.1.3 Economic Activities 4412.1.4 Transportation 45

12.1.5 Social Services And Community Facilities 4712.1.6 Economic Activities 4912.1.7 Legislative And Institutional Framework 51

12.2 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES 5312.2.1 Physical Environment And Natural Resource Development 5312.2.2 Human Settlements 5312.2.3 Economic Activities 5412.2.4 In rastructure And Utility Services 5412.2.5 Policy And Institutions 54

12.3 ENFORCEMENT 54

REFERENCES 55



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LISTOFTABLES

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURESLIST OF TABLESable 4.1: Land use in Homa Bay 9able 5.1: Municipality o Homa Bay Population and Household Projection 2008 to 2013 12able 5.2: Municipality o Homa Bay Population and Household Projection 2014 to 2030 12able 5.3: Urban Population by Brood Age Groups 1989 and 1999 13able 5.4: Municipality o Homa Bay: Sex Ratio o Population or 1979, 1989 and 1999 13able 9.1: Ownership o Health Institutions in MoHB 32

LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1.1: Satellite image o Homa Bay XIIFigure 5.1: Municipality o Homa Bay Population Projection 2014 to 2020 12Figure 5.2: Population distribution Urban-Rural 13Figure 5.3: Urban Residential Population 13Figure 6.1: Pre erence or roong in Homa Bay 17Figure 9.1: Education levels in Homa Bay 30

LIST OF MAPSMap 4.1: Slope Analysis 6Map 4.2: Existing Land Use Map 8

Map 8.1: Road Network And Water In rustructure 24Map 9.1: Existing Community Facilities 28Map 11.1: Existing Constraints Map 34Map 11.2: Ex st ng Opportun t es Map 34Map 11.3: Proposed Land Use Plan 38Map 12.1: Proposed Housing Development 42Map 12.2: Proposed In rastructure Plan 48



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AB B R E V I AT I ON

CBD Central Business District

CBO Community Based Organization

CDF Constituency Development Fund

CDS City Development Strategies

CD F Community Deve opment rust Fun

CUR Centre for Urban Research

DC District Commissioner

ECD Early Childhood DevelopmentEPM Environmental Planning and Management

GoK Government of Kenya

HBD Homa Bay District

HIV Human Immune Virus

KENSUP Kenya S um Upgra ing Programme

KNBS Kenya National Bureau of Statistics

KPLC Kenya Power and Lighting Company

LADP Local Authority Development Programme

LA F Local Authority ransfer FundLBDA Lake Basin Development Authority

LV-LED Lake Victoria Local Economic Development Initiatives

LVWA SAN Lake Victoria Water and Sanitation Initiative

MCHB Municipa Counci o Homa Bay

MDGs Millennium Development Goals

MoHB Municipality of Homa Bay

MSF Medicines San Frontiers

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

NHC National Housing CorporationRMLF Road Maintenance Levy Fund

RUSPS Regional Urban Sector Prole Study

SACCOs Savings an Cre it Co-operatives

SCP Sustainable Cities Programme

SSIWSPs Small Scale Independent Water Service Providers

SUDP Strategic Urban Development Plans

SWO Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Treats.

OL emporary Occupation Licence

oR erms of Reference

UNEP United Nations Environment Programme

UN-HABI A Unite Nations Human Sett ement Programme

ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS



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F I G U R E 1 . 1 :

S A T E L L I T E I M A G E O F H O M A B A Y



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C HAP T E R 1

INTRODUCTIONTe Strategic Urban Development Plan for Homa

Bay has been prepared by the UN-HABI Ain collaboration with the Municipal Council ofHoma Bay. It is one in a series o seven p ansdeveloped under phase I of the UN-HABI AUrban Planning programme in the Lake Victoriaregion. UN-HABI A has supported this initiative

with two main objectives: a) to provide an up-to-date spatial framework to guide its various

programmes in a number of secondary towns in theLake Victoria region - all geared towards promotingenvironmental sustainability and poverty reduction;b) to demonstrate the strength of participatoryapproaches in making urban planning more inclusivean e ective. is o jective is un erpinne y Focus

Area 2 of the UNHABI A Medium erm Strategicand Institutional Plan (2008-11), which emphasizespromoting participatory planning, management andovernance as an integral part in its mission to achieveustaina e ur anization aroun t e wor .

e process o preparing t e Homa Bay Strategic

Urban Development Plan had 5 distinct stages:Development of a city prole encompassing socio-•

economic, environmental and structural aspects;

GIS mapping of the existing situation;•

Sta e o er consu tation meeting to iscuss•

the city prole and the mapping of the existingsituation in order to develop an agreed and sharedvision of the future of the town;

ranslation of the agreed and shared vision of the•

future of the town into draft spatial development

plans and functional layouts;Stakeholder meetings to discuss and approve the•

draft spatial development plans and functionallayouts and;

Finalization of the plans and endorsement by the•

respective urban planning authorities in CentralGovernment.

Tis publication provides a broad overview of thepatial and temporal growth of the Municipality of

Homa Bay on the basis of its contextual positionat the national, regional and local levels. In this

regard, the regional setting indicating the locationand historical growth of Homa Bay is emphasizedincluding the physiological and socio-economic proleo t e Municipa ity, its emograp ics an a criticaanalysis of the existing infrastructure and community

facilities. In addition, a critical assessment is madeof the institutional and legal framework currentlyregulating urban planning practice in Kenya.Fina y, p an proposa s an action p ans to gui e t eubsequent development of the MoHB in the future

are articulated.

1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT

e eve o ur anization is strong y corre ate tothe level of economic development, but the annualrowth rates of each are not closely linked since

urbanization often proceeds apace even in periodsof economic stagnation or decline (Fay and Opal,2000, cited in Kessides, 2006). Urbanization inKenya is growing at a very ast rate o approximate y

% per annum (GoK, 1999). Te agricultural sectorcontinues to be strained by heavy competitions in

world markets, reduction in farmlands due to increasein population and unpredictable climatic conditions.It is projecte t at y 2020, a o Kenyas popu ation

will be urban.

Lake Victoria is the second largest fresh waterlake in the world with over 200 sh species. It isthe source of livelihood for an estimated 35 millionpeople who live in rural and urban settlements withinits catchment area.

In recognition o t is act, an to support t ispopulation in their efforts to achieve the MillenniumDevelopment Goals (MDGs), UN-HABI A , otheragencies, regional bodies and national governmentsof the riparian countries around Lake Victoria areupporting various initiatives in the Lake Victoria

region to promote environmenta sustaina i ity anreduce poverty.

Most of these initiatives are focused on the urbancentres around Lake Victoria, which have beenexperiencing rapid urbanization rates of between3-7% per annum, consequently exacerbating thepro ems o environmenta po ution, poverty, poorovernance and lack of access to basic services.

All these problems impact negatively on theecological conditions of Lake Victoria.



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Homa Bay Strategic Urban Development Plan(HBSUDP) is an initiative of UN-HABI A tosupport the MCHB to prepare a strategic spatialframework. Tis plan will help guide development ofthe MoHB.

It is a timely intervention that will see the localcommunities empowered through the improvementof the living environment, improved potential for

wealth and employment creation, conservation ofthe environment and sustainable development. Teprotection of the lake ecosystem will not only be tothe benet of the people of the MoHB, but all thepeople living in the great Lake Victoria Basin, and forthe benet of all whose lives remain dependent onthe lake.

METHODOLOGY

Te methodology for the preparation of the plan

took into account the wishes and aspirations of allinvolved stakeholders involved. It was participatory,all-inclusive process that saw liaison between theconsultant and UN-HABI A , the key stakeholdersin the MoHB including the local communities,government agencies, various international agencies,local Community-Based Organizations (CBOs) andNon-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), amongother key participants.

Te general planning methodology was as follows:

Preparation of base, thematic and issue maps for•

the plan area;Preparation of a prole for the plan area covering•

socio-economic, environmental and structuralaspects;

Consultative workshop of all key stakeholders•

in the plan area to discuss the prole preparedby the planner, in conjunction with the base,thematic and issue maps of the existing situationand developing a shared vision of the plan area’sfuture.

Te above outlined steps have already been

accomplished and the report prepared. Te report,Situational Analysis for the Municipality of Homa Bay was then reviewed to provide the planning team withthe salient information for preparation Homa BaySUPD.

Review of the Situational Analysis for Homa Bay Municipality, including relevant national policiesand legislative framework, goals and objectives,population growth trends, future town growthmodels and town form helped the planning team todevelop conceptual plans that cover various practicalplanning proposals including land use proposals,employment and income, public utilities, housingdevelopment, community facilities and transport andcommunication.

Tese constituted a Draft Strategic UrbanDevelopment Plan of the plan area, comprising ofthe report on the situational analysis, maps showingexisting and future land uses, implementationstrategies including resource and capacity analysis,monitoring and evaluation and action plans. Te draft

was then subjected again to a consultative meeting of

all key stakeholders for comments and suggestions.Based on the comments and suggestions received on

the Draft Strategic Urban Development Plan, the nalSUDP for Homa Bay was then prepared. Tis way,the plan formulated becomes easy to implement sincethe beneciary community was in full participation atkey stages in the plan formulation.



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C HAP T E R 2

BROAD GOAL, OBJECTIVES & STRATEGIES2.1 GOAL

Te goal of this plan is to promote environmentalustainability and reduce poverty. Tese are translated

into speci c programmes an projects t at areexpected to:

Improve access by the local community to shelter,•

basic urban infrastructure, and social services

Reduce burden of low income communities and•

groups through timely interventions for deliveryof services and operations

Promote sustainable urban development through•

investment programmes and projects

2.2 THEME AND FOCUS

e P an is anc ore on t e t eme “StrategicPlanning for Environmental Governance and Poverty

Alleviation”

2.3 JUSTIFICATION

Te plan is a timely intervention that will see the localcommunities empowered through the improvementof the living environment, improved potential for

wealth and employment creation, conservation of theenvironment an sustaina e eve opment.

Te protection of the lake ecosystem will benetnot only the people of the MoHB, but all the peopleliving in the great Lake Victoria Basin and those whoselives remain dependent on the lake.

2.4 BROAD STRATEGIES OF THE PLAN:

apping of the natural environment for effective•

and sustainable utilization of natural resourcein t e MoHB or era ication o poverty anenvironmental conservation

Wi ening o t e scope o t e resources t at can e•

exploited in the MoHB without residents relyingonly on a particular resource, ie shing

Provision o c eap an a or a e ousing •

Increased provision of adequate and accessible•

in rastructura uti ities an services to t e peop e

of the MoHBIncrease in community aci ities, an atten ant•

services to the local communities of the MoHB

Access to sufficient piped water to all residents by•

the year 2030

Expansion of the MoHB revenue base for•

improvement of service delivery of services by theMCHB

Improvement of the transportation network in•

the MoHB, integrating all the modal choicesan improving t e e ciency o roa , air an

water transportation for effective accessibility andmobility within and without the MoHB

Harnessing all available sources of energy that do•

not pose any adverse effects to the environment while meeting the MoHB’s residential, commercial,industrial and service energy needs among others

Improvement of cross-cutting employment•

opportunities for the residents of the MoHB,inclusive of the youth, women, the disabled, andgrown-up men, ot s i e an uns i e

Opening up of new tourism frontiers for increased•

oreign exc ange an improve omestic tourismlike water sports and hiking among others

Increase pu ic participation in oca ecision-•

making process through stakeholder consultationby the MCHB



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Homa Bay in the National Context © UN-HABITAT 2008



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C HAP T E R

3

REGIONAL SETTING3.1 LOCATION

Homa Bay town is the district headquarters ofHoma Bay District. It is ocate in t e NyanzaProvince of Kenya along the shores of Lake Victoria.Te district borders Rachuonyo District to the north,Kisii Central District to the east, Migori District andRongo District to the south and Suba District to the

west.

Te MoHB is located 130 kilometres south of thecity o Kisumu, t e ea quarters o t e province,and about 400 kilometres from the City of Nairobi,the capital of Kenya. Te municipality is connectedto other parts of the country through a network ofroads.

Te MoHB falls within Asego Division and hast ree a ministrative su - ocations; Asego, owns ipand Arujo. It is divided into six electoral wards:Market, Posta/Bonde, Katuma, Kanyabala, Kanyadier/Kothidha, and Kanyango/Kalanya wards.

Homa Bay was formerly the headquarters of theSouth Nyanza District before it was split to createKuria , Su a , Migori , Homa Bay , Rac uonyo anRongo Districts.

Te MoHB is situated on latitude 3400 46’E andlongitude 0000 40’S and it covers an area of 29kmout of which 9km falls within the Central BusinessDistrict (CBD) while the rest consists of peri-urbanett ements. e CBD is un er ease o tenure w i e

land in the peri-urban areas is under freehold. Tis was after the expansion of the boundary in 1991 fromeight square kilometres when Homa Bay own was atown council to 29km when it was upgraded into amunicipa ity.

e MoHB stretc es in t e east-west irectionalong the Lake Victoria shore and is the majorocio-cultural, economic and political centre of the

HBD, Suba District, Rachuonyo District and RongoDistrict.

3.2 HISTORICAL GROWTH

Te MoHB was founded during the rst quarter oft e 20t century as a eac mar et nown as ‘C icOnuno’ (Onuno’s Market).

It was renamed Homa Bay by the colonialadministration in 1925, because of its locationoverlooking Huma Hills of West Karachuonyo ofRachuonyo District. Te British could not pronounce

the word ‘Huma’ easily, but rather pronounced it as‘Homa w ic t en stuc as t e centres name.

Te term has no connection with “homa” a Luo word for malaria, which is common in the areasaround Lake Victoria. Homa Bay Urban Council(HBUC) was established in 1974 and later elevatedto a own Council in 1987 and further to MunicipalCounci status in 1991.

Te MoHB was favored by the colonial governmentbecause of the availability of water and well-drainedites, among other factors, and consequently it was

designated the administrative headquarters of the thenSouth Nyanza District - comprising of the present-

ay Kuria District, Migori District, Rongo District,Rachuonyo District, HBD and Suba District. Atthat time, it also acted as the commercial centre which

was dominated by Indian merchants and the weeklymarket by Africans.



6

PHYSIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS4.1 TOPOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE

Te Municipality of Homa Bay is located on thea es ore ow an , w ic ranges etween 11 3

to 1220 meters above sea level and comprises of anarrow stretch bordering Lake Victoria. At the end oflakeshore lowland lies Homa Bay. Te bay is skirtedby a shoreline stretching for approximately 16.5 kmcovering parts of Asego and Rangwe Divisions.

Te MoHB area has a gently rolling terrain thatattens towar s La e Victoria. It is c aracterize yvarious hills standing separately. Most parts of theMoHB drain westwards to the lake except the areasof Got Rabuor, Arujo and parts of Soa, which draininto the Arujo stream which eventually drains intoLa e Victoria.

e MCHB is responsi e or management anmaintenance of the urban drains. Storm waterdrainage facilities are not available in most of theurban roads except the CBD and central governmentand municipal residential quarters which are wellervice wit rains. However, most o t e rains in

the residential estates have been covered with alluvialoil over the years.

4.2 GEOLOGICAL AND SOILCHARACTERISTICS

4.2.1 ROCKS

Te municipality is underlain by various rock types,name y, agg omerates, cong omerates, tu san stone,ranite and other deposits which are useful in the

construction industry.

4.2.2 SOILS

Te MoHB soil is black cotton soil, which is difficultto work upon with simple hand implements. It isalso difficult to work on during heavy rains, makingfarming difficult. Te lake shore lowland is dominatedy a uvia soi s, main y t e san y oam type w ic is

well drained and suitable for cotton, sunower, maize,beans, cow peas and vegetable production. Othercrops with potential are sugar cane and potatoes.

4.3 CLIMATE

4.3.1 RAINFALL

Te MoHB experiences two rainy seasons, the longand the short rains, which fall between Februaryan Marc an etween t e mont s o August anNovember, respectively. In Asego Division, wherethe MoHB, is located the rainfall is relatively lowcompared to other divisions.

Te rainfall pattern ranges between 250 and 700mm per annum. Te rainfall probabilities and natureo soi etermine t e activities o sma sca e armersaround the MoHB. Crops grown here are, therefore,those requiring low rainfall like cassava, millet andunowers.

4.3.2 WINDS

Generalized wind speeds average about 4 m/sec andhave certain regularity due to the convection effect ofthe large water body of the lake that borders the often

ot ry an .

4.3.3 TEMPERATURES

emperature varies with altitude and proximity tot e a e an ten s to increase towar s t e owan witan average of 17.10 to 34.80 centigrade. emperaturesare highest between December and March with thehottest weather being experienced in February andthe lowest in April and November.

4.4 VEGETATION CHARACTERISTICS

Te vegetation is largely of acacia woodland andbushland growing over expansive black cotton soilsthat cover most of the MoHB apart from the hilly areas

which have rock outcrops. Te vegetation of acacia woo an is c aracteristic o t e in o vegetationcover found in areas of dominate black cotton soils.Tere is also an assortment of species of indigenouspecies of trees. A lot of trees are grown within the

urban and peri-urban areas for the conservation of theenvironment.

However, since agricu ture is sti exercise in mostparts of the MoHB, crops also form part of vegetationcover as do grass in open elds and homesteads andcompounds or courtyards, as well as trees planted forlandscaping like the jacaranda dot the landscape oft e MoHB.

CHAPTER4



MAP 4.1: SLOPE ANALYSIS

6a

STRATEGIC URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLANFOR HOMA BAY

SLOPE ANALYSIS



7

It is to be noted that the water hyacinth in the lakecan also be considered available vegetation, but thisis subject to winds as sometimes it is blown furtherinto the lake, but mostly it covers a large tract of theshoreline.

4.5 WILDLIFE

Wildlife in the MoHB is mostly made up of a fewsmall land animals like snakes and mongooses and alarge population of large lake animals such as hipposand crocodiles at the shores of the Lake Victoria.Tere are also a number of water bird species on theshores of the lake.

4.6 NATURAL RESOURCES

Te MoHB’s resources can be ranked into landresources and water resources, both endowments thatare rich and a blessing to the people.

Land resources include the strategic location justat the mouth of the bay, an area that is not proneto ooding and other calamities that are associated

with large water bodies. Te land is a good startingpoint for the construction industry for the buildingof houses.

Te prevailing climate, regulated by the windsand the calming effects also make life in the MoHBfriendlier. Te land can be put into a wide array ofother uses like agriculture, and development of publicutilities.

Te MoHB also gains from its location since itis the gateway to vast tourist attraction sites in thatpart of Kenya. Te MoHB is the gateway to theislands of Mfangano and Rusinga, as well as to RumaNational Park, even though they are not located in theMunicipality or even in the wider HBD but in SubaDistrict. Te MoHB stands to gain from these sitesfor the improvement of its economy.

Water resources include the rich Lake Victoria.If there is proper investment in the water supplyfrom the lake, the MoHB stands to benetsignicantly. Tis remains pegged on theenvironmental preservation and protection so thatthe water in the lake is not so polluted as to make itunt for human use.

Te lake also has the potential for tourism since itis the second largest fresh water lake in the world andhas an array of aquatic life and scenic beauty.

4.7 URBAN FORM

Homa Bay has an intricate hybrid ribbon urban

form. Development is mainly located along transportroutes such as the roads to Kendu, Rodi and Suba. Teskyscape consists of few skyscrapers and a number ofsingle-oor buildings. Te informal settlements aremushrooming along the beaches given the fact thatthe residents of such settlements work along in thebeaches. Te informal settlements are characterizedby dilapidated iron sheets such as in Soa, Makongeniand Arujo. Te transport networks are, on the otherhand, congured with the topography, avoiding thelowlying valleys and hills.

Te result is a series of meandering sections of

roads with the attendant developments. At the centre,following the same pattern described is a crescent roadat the centre of the town.

Te table 4.1 below show the typical land usecomposition for Homa Bay town area.

Land Use Homa Bay Town area (Ha)

Residential 22.5

Industrial 8

Educational 56.5

Recreational 8

Public Purposes 49.1

Commercial 10

Public Utilities 6

Transportation 4

De erred 3

Total 175

TABLE 4.1: LAND USE IN HOMA BAY

Source: Homa Bay Town Structure Plan.



8


4.8 ENVIRONMENT ISSUES

4.8.1 WATER POLLUTION

Te pollution of Lake Victoria is a critical issue. Telake, being a huge system fed by rivers that originatefrom far-off areas, has elements of both on-site andoff-site pollution:

Agro chemicals/ fertilizer (non point sources of•

pollution of the lake)

Water hyacinth menace•

Direct draining of sewers into the lake•

Car washing in town (run-off to main sewer)•

Clothes washing and bathing in the lake•

Agro-based industrial water release on rivers•

Proposed Mitigation Measure s

Proper management of sewage•

Ensure riparian reserves are protected•

Efforts to rid the lake of hyacinth urgently •

4.8.2 AIR POLLUTION

Air pollution within the municipality is minimal,however, there are notable problems and challenges

which include

Dust during constructions•

Stench from sh (mgongo wazi)•

Burning of wastes such as polythene bags, tyres•

Smoking in public places•

Exhaust fumes from unroadworthy vehicles•

Opportunity for improvement

Enforcement of laws for hoarding construction•

sites

Watering roads under construction to reduce the•

dust levels

Provision of incinerators for hospital wastes•

Improve public awareness, especially on the•

advantages of environmental conservation

Designating smoking zones within the MoHB•

Create green belt buffers between land-uses for air•

purication

Way Forward

Te MCHB should collaborate with appropriatebodies to enforce necessary laws

4.8.3 NOISE POLLUTION

Noise pollution is increasingly becoming a problem within the municipality due to:

Te location of the busy bus park in the middle•

of town

Jua Kali • activities

Music stores and nightclubs, churches•

Opportunity for improvement

Relocate bus park to either Pap Kanyambok or•

Makongeni

MCHB to insist on the introduction of•

sound-proof technology in nightclubs.

Control noise levels for public music stores•

Churches to have sound-proof devices or to stop•

playing loud music at night

General Potentials

Wildlife such as crocodiles and hippos to improve•

tourism

Camping potential on the hills•

Fishing potential in the lake•

4.9 OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

4.9.1 TOPOGRAPHY

Opportunities

Te general gentle slope of the land ensures a good•

drainage of the MoHB

Asego and Got Rabuor Hills in the Municipality•

regulates the micro-climate around the MoHB

Hiking and hill climbing and camp-out sites on•

the hills can be a source of tourist income

Te high altitude at Got Asego helps the•

distribution of water through gravity. Tis wouldreduce the cost of pumping water, which wouldtherefore enable the Municipality to increase

the water reticulation network at lower costs ofoperation

Challenges

Te hard terrain of Asego hill poses an indomitable•

barrier to the construction of houses in highelevation areas



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Sango Academy

MwangazaPrimary Rock

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HomaBayHighSchool

HomaBayTownshipPrimary

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Data Sources:Vector Data: ESRIWorldData

Imagery:IKONOSSatellite Imagethrough RMCRD,StructurePlan: DistrictPhysical PlanningOffice, Homa Bay

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DISCLAIMER: THEBOUNDARIESANDNAMES DEPICTEDONTHISMAPDO NOTIMPLYOFFICIALENDORSEMENTOR ACCEPTANCEBYTHE UN

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9

4.9.2 DRAINAGE AND HYDROLOGY

Opportunities

Te freshwater Lake Victoria is source of industrial,•

commercial and domestic water for the MoHB.Its closeness ensures that the water will not bepumped long distances, hence shorter pipes. Tis

reduces the cost of piped water supply.Potential for water sports in the huge freshwater•

lake

High potential for sport shing in the lake•

ourism opportunities to see the aquatic wildlife•

such as crocodiles and hippos as well as waterbirds

Gateway to the Lake Victoria islands of Mfangano•

and Rusinga, which are themselves touristattraction

High potential for irrigation from the lake to be•

exploited, especially for growing vegetable crops just outside the town centre

Roof water harvesting potential due to high•

rainfall in the upper highland zones

Arujo stream is a source of domestic water•

Fish farming potential, especially in areas just•

outside the town centre

Underground water potential in most parts•

provides potential for shallow wells

Navigability of Lake Victoria provides potential•

Water transport

Challenges

Presence of water hyacinth•

Pollution from sewage, bathing and washing•

clothes on the shores of the lake

4.9.3 SOILS AND GEOLOGY

Opportunities

ype of soil that is appropriate for ring of bricks•

for construction

Rocks mined at the slopes of Homa Hills not•

far away are sources of building materials for theMunicipality.

Challenges

Black cotton soils impede drainage causing water•

logging in most parts of the Municipality

4.9.4 VEGETATION

Opportunities

Planting of fast-maturing exotic trees has a•

potential for wealth creation, environmentalconservation and improvement of the aestheticquality of MoHBSource of wood fuel for domesticuse

Challenges

Sourcing of re wood for energy •

Depletion/threatening of natural species•

4.9.5 WILDLIFE

Potential

Proximity of Ruma National Park •

Lake animals which form part of the local bio-•

diversity for tourist attraction

Sport shing potential•



10

POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICCHARACTERISTICS5.1 POPULATION ANALYSIS

5.1.1 POPULATION SIZE

At the time of the 1999 population census, theMoHB had a population of 56,297. Te femalepopu ation stoo at 28,7 9 w i e ma e popu ationtood at 27, 547.

Te annual inter-censal growth rate was 2.7%,

an increase that takes place mainly through naturalincrease and in-migrations. Te natural growth ofHoma Bay is high owing to a number of factors; higherti ity rates at 7.1% an ow acceptance o ami y

planning.

Natural increase takes place at high rates because ofhigh fertility rates, low acceptance of family planning,

which stands at 35% and decreased mortality rates.

5.1.2 STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION

According to the 1999 Population and HousingCensus, the population of the MoHB is mainlyyoung.

5.1.3 POPULATION DENSITIES

According to the 1999 population centres, 56,297people lived in 29 square kilometres. Tis translatesinto population densities of 1941 persons per a squarekilometre. Tis is a very high gure, especially bearingin mind that the population density of the wholedistrict is considerably low.

5.1.4 PROJECTIONSPopulation of the municipality has been steadily

rowing. According to the changing nature of thea ministrative structure o Homa Bay un er t eMinistry of Local Government, the change from itsdesignation of Urban Council to own Council andultimately from own Council to Municipality wasaccompanied with respective increase in geographicalcoverage, and hence with population increase.

Wit t e ase year popu ation o 1999 w ic is56,297 persons, the ve year short-term populationprojections for the MoHB from 2008 is expected to

row as shown in gure 5.1:

5.1.5 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION ANDDENSITIES

with dispersed settlement where agriculture andlivestock production are dominant activities. Tecentral urban built-up area barely covers 25% of themunicipal area.

More t an a o t e municipa popu ation - a out53% people - live in the peri-urban and rural area

while the central urban built-up area population isonly 47% of the people. Te gure 5.2 and 5.3 showsthe distribution of population in the MoHB:

140,000

120,000

100,000

80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000

0

P o p u l a t i o n s i z e

1 2 3 4 5

Graph Showing Projected Population from 2014 to 2030

FIGURE 5.1: MUNICIPALITY OF HOMA BAYPOPULATION PROJECTION 2014 TO 2020

Source: UN-HABITAT, 2008.

ural

Urban

25%

75%

FIGURE 5.2: POPULATION DISTRIBUTION URBAN-RURAL

oma Bay 2007.

CHAPTER5



11

5.2 DEMOGRAPHIC DYNAMICS

Tese are the mathematical characteristics of thepopulation with regard to comparisons and changesover time.

5.2.1 AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZES

Te average household size is ve persons. Projectionfor the growth of households is shown in tables 5.1and 5.2 below for both short-term and long-termplan periods.

5.2.2 DEPENDENCY RATIO

Dependants are dened as those people outside theactive labour force. Tis covers children in the 0-14years age bracket and elderly people of 65 years andabove. In the year 1999 the 0-14 years and the 64year and above age population is estimated at 20,193and 3,098 people, respectively. See table 5.3 below thepercentage.

Te majority of economically active population hadmigrated into the municipality to seek employment,education, business transactions and/or moved with

their spouses.

5.2.3 SEX RATIO

Te population of men has been decreasing in theMoHB compared to that of the women. See table5.4 below. Tis can be substantiated with variousdemographic characteristics including increased life

expectancy which have females outliving males. Also,the male populations have been seen to succumb toHIV/AIDS epidemic faster than the women hencethe decreasing gender ratio.

But a fact that signicantly contributes to thisreduction in the sex ratio is that women were in thepast left to take care of homes in the rural areas. oday,they are resident in towns and cities, and strugglingeven more than their male counterparts since mosttown-dwelling women have more family obligationsthan the men. Te table below shows the reduction ofthe sex ratios over time.

Age Group %1989 %1999 % Change

0-4 44.9 43.4 -1.5

15-64 53.8 55.3 1.5

65 and over 1.3 1.3 -0.5

TABLE 5.3: URBAN POPULATION BY BROAD AGEGROUPS 1989 AND 1999

Source: 1999 Population Census

Years Ratio

1979 109

1989 104

1999 96

Source: 1999 Population Census

TABLE 5.4: MUNICIPALITY OF HOMA BAY: SEXRATIO OF POPULATION FOR 1979, 1989 AND 1999

47% 53%

Peri-Urban

Town

FIGURE 5.3: URBAN RESIDENTIAL POPULATION

Source: Situational Analysis of Homa Bay Municipality ofHoma Bay 2007.

Year Population size Number of Households

2008 71,273 14,254

2009 73,197 14,639

2010 75,173 15,034

2011 77,203 15,440

2012 79,288 15,857

2013 81,508 16,301

TABLE 5.1: MoHB SHORT-TERM POPULA-

TION AND HOUSEHOLD PROJECTION (2008TO 2013)


Year Population size Number of Households

2014 83,708 16,742

2018 93,122 18,624

2022 103,594 20,719

2026 115,243 23,048

2030 128,203 25,640

TABLE 5.2: MoHB LONG TERM POPULATIONAND HOUSEHOLD PROJECTION (2014 TO2030)




12


5.2.4 FERTILITY RATE

Te female reproductive age is spread over the 15-49 year age bracket and makes up about 20% of themunicipal population. Te labour force is spread overthe 15 - 49 year age bracket. In 1989, the labour force

was approximately 23,354 people.

5.2.5 LIFE EXPECTANCY

Te life expectancy of Homa Bay is 48 years formales and 52 for females. Tis is a great deal lowerthan the national average, which is 57 and 58 formales and females respectively. Te low age can beattributed to the increased poverty and prevalence ofHIV/AIDS.

5.2.6 MIGRATION TRENDS

Te net immigration trend stands at 12.2% withmales constituting 7.9% of the population thatmigrate into the municipality every year while thegure for females is 4.3%. Te urban populationliving within the municipality is estimated to be risingat a growth rate of 11.5% per annum.

Males migrate to the municipality from surroundingdistricts. Tis is because of the favourable economicconditions such as employment, business opportunitiesresulting from developed infrastructure and existenceof purchasing power arising from salaried workers.

Females mostly come to the municipality in searchof education, employment and marriage, althoughmarriage and daily business dominates their reasonsfor coming. Tis has resulted into a strain on existingfacilities within the MoHB such as schools, housingfor commercial and residential purposes and thelocation of shopping centres.

Statistics on the migratory patterns to themunicipality is rather complex. A survey on theground, however, shows that people are movingfrom rural areas to settle in the municipality. Tisimmigrant population constitutes about 19 per centof the urban population. Tis in-migration is due tosearch for better:

employment opportunities•

services such as water, transport, health and•

education, among others

business and investment opportunities•

Te MoHB experiences signicant daily commuterin-migration. Many people from rural areas and thesurrounding districts travel daily to work and transactbusiness in the municipality.

Te exact size of this daily migration population isindeed signicant but remains unknown. Tere is aneed to establish the magnitude of this daily migrantpopulation as it exerts considerable pressure on urbancommunal services and facilities.

5.3 DEMOGRAPHIC CHALLENGES

High poverty levels•

Low employment opportunities•

High mortality /infant mortality rates•

High dependency levels•

Low life expectancy •

High rate of in-migration•

Homa Bay, one o the local market © UN-HABITAT



13

HOUSING AND HUMAN SETTLEMENTSOf the three basic needs, shelter requires a larger

input in planning than the rest. Tis is a result of theinitial capital outlay required for the planning, design,

nancing, construction, servicing, maintenance animprovement of human settlements.

Tis chapter brings into perspective housing supply,need and demand in order to discuss strategies andprogrammes for providing good shelter and properlyerviced neighbourhoods to meet the escalatingeman .

6.1 LAND TENURE

Land enure is a system through which landrights are determined and documented while LandDisposition is t e act t roug w ic owners ip anuse may change from one party to another.

Different tenure systems exist in Kenya. In general,land in Kenya is classied as government land,private land or trust lands. rust land refers to land

held in trust by the local authorities on behalf of theresi ents.

In Homa Bay town, the land tenure system is suchthat within CBD there is trust land and leasehold(99 years). Areas of Kalanya and Katuma have aree o an tenure system, w i e areas o Kot i a

and Kanyadier are community land under a landadjudication programme.

Te combination of the tenure systems offer bothopportunities and constraints. Freehold tenure inome areas, like in the informal settlements like Shauri

Ya o an Ma ongeni, pose i cu ties in en orcingregulations on land. However, the trust land areasprovide the municipal council with sufficient land forfuture location public facilities and infrastructure.

6.2 EXISTING ZONING

High income residents do not have problems withhousing. Tey live in areas with better services andfacilities such as Salama Estate and other areas on landparcels that are large and properly serviced. Tey aremostly found in the higher ground areas away from

t e eac ront.

One o the residencial housing types in Homa Bay © UN-HABITAT

C HAP T E R

6



14


Low income populations live in shacks on the shoreof the lake like Shauri Yako, Soa and Makongeni.

However, other than distinct settlements as describedabove, there are no denite zoning patterns for thehousing sector in MoHB. Tis can be attributed tothe land tenure regime in the town that still has a largepart of MoHB under freehold tenure. An absence ofzoning regulations also contributes to this prevailingsituation.

Some 75% of the population of MoHB stay in low-income residential housing units, 20% in the middleincome housing areas and 5% population in the high-income residential zone.

However, it is difficult to delineate the residentialestate zones with respect to income levels. Tis isbecause the conventional ranking of high-incomepopulation may have the perceived ‘rich’ populationof Homa Bay as poor or lower middle class since theincome levels in MoHB is low and the relative cost oflife is also low.

For this reason, we shall discuss the nature of thesettlements with respect to population densities. InMoHB, therefore, the following zones emerge:

Medium density

Makongeni•

Oriang Manywanda•

rust land - Kaburini•

Low density

Milimani (Government land)•

Mbita Junction•

Got Rabuor•

High density

Shauri Yako•

Soa •

Makongeni•

6.3 PLOT SIZES

Shelter structures in the low-income slums arelocated on any free space available, making thehousing densities in the settlements very high.

On average, different plot sizes are allowablein different areas where there is some semblanceof development control, like in the CBD and inSalama, and generally in areas where the land is underleasehold tenure. Here, the minimum allowable plotsize is a quarter of an acre. Te plot sizes get larger asone moves away from the CBD, into the areas wherethe land tenure is mainly freehold.

6.4 HOUSE TYPOLOGIES

Different housing typologies denote differentincome levels.

High income housing is denoted by single detachedor semi-detached two or three bed-roomed bungalowsand a few maisonettes, built on brick and mortar with

iron sheet or tile roofs. Middle income housing isusually composed of two or three-storied apartmentblocks or row housing that house several families.Low income housing is usually in slums and poorlyserviced neighbourhoods built on scrap corrugatediron sheets or mud and wattle.

Other typologies consist of semi-permanent houses with mud and wattle walls, iron-sheet or thatchedroofs and earthen or cemented oors. Tese are mostlyfound in areas under freehold tenure.

6.5 HOUSING DENSITIES With population densities of 1941 persons per

square kilometre according to the 1999 populationcensus , and with average household sizes of ve people,there was an average housing density of 388 housesper square kilometre.

Using the same projections, there is now basedon the 1999 census projection, a housing density ofapproximately 491 houses per square kilometre. Tismeans that the housing demand will soon take muchof the municipality’s land. With land’s nature of xity

in supply, alternative building designs that maximizeon the vertical density will be required.

6.6 BUILDING MATERIALS

High-income earners in the MoHB and governmentagencies such as the National Housing Corporation(NHC) and the MCHB have constructed permanenthouses comprising cemented oors, bricks or stones

walls with roofs made of tiles, asbestos or iron sheets.Tis is evident in Salama Estate in areas where thereare GoK houses constructed for the Civil Servants.

Low-income shelters are all temporary structuresbuilt from iron sheets on both roofs and walls whilethe oors are cemented or mud. Tis is found alsoin the informal settlements where the black cottonsoil available mostly encourages the construction oftemporary houses. Tese informal settlements aremostly found on beach fronts, especially in Makongeniand Soa. Tis is because the people living in thesesettlements work in the shing sector in the lake asshmongers and shermen

In other parts of MoHB, especially where land isstill on freehold tenure, the houses are built of mudand wattle, iron sheet roong or thatch, with mostlymud oors.



15

About 20% of the housing stock is of burnt brickand/or masonry/concrete block wall. Te mostcommon roong material is corrugated iron sheetsthat form roofs for 90% of the total housing stock.Roong tiles and grass thatch were used in 4% and2% of the housing stock, respectively.

Te prevalent use of iron sheets is due to costs anddurability. Being more expensive than thatch, the costin the long term for the use of iron sheets makes themthe best choice for the low-income earners.

Tis is because iron sheets last longer, and protectsmore against the weather, especially rainfall. On theother hand, higher costs of roong tiles deters mostpeople from using them. Te use of asbestos hashowever been banned due to their potential to causecancer.

Local business centre in Homa Bay. © UN-HABITAT

92%

5% 3%

Iron sheets/ asbestos

Roong Tile

Grass thatch

FIGURE 6.1: PREFERENCE FOR ROOFING IN HOMA BAY

source: Socio-economic prole for Homa Bay, 2008.



16


6.6.1 VENTILATION AND LIGHTING

Houses in MoHB generally are well-lit andventilated by the natural agents of wind and sun. Tebreezes blowing from or into the lake regulate thetemperatures of an otherwise hot climate.

Te houses built on conventional materials (brick/

stone, cemented oors and iron-sheeting for roofs)have windows or small openings for ventilation andfor lighting. However, the traditional houses (of mudand wattle) achieve ventilation through the windowsor openings, as well as through other openings at theinterface between the walls and the roof. Lighting atnight is usually achieved by electric lighting, or oillamps for those not connected to the Kenya Powerand Lighting Company (KPLC) mains.

6.6.2 LEVEL OF SERVICES AND FACILITIES

Most housing estates of MoHB have inadequateservice provision. Tese include sewers, water, accessroads, street-lights, and others. Tis is especiallysevere in low-income residential estates.


Challenges

Inadequate decent houses within the•

municipality

Proliferation of slums in MoHB•

Most residential areas lack services and utilities•

High cost of construction•

Opportunities

Relevant institutions such as Ministry of•

Housing, which can provide housing schemes within the municipality

Existing legislation such as the Public Health Act,•

Physical Planning Act (1996), Building codesand Standards and Environmental Managementand Coordination Act (EMCA, 1999) can beused to control development

A ready market for housing stock that can easily•

be exploited by real estate investors

Te existence of locally available building•

materials (handcast ballast and building stones)reduce the cost of construction of adequatehousing, hence enabling both support andprovider mechanisms to be employed effectivelyin housing provisionEstablished partnerships (UN-HABI A ,•

WA SAN Project, Lake Victoria South WaterBoard), which can work in partnership withMCHB in the provision of housing

Way forward

In order to solve the housing problem and alsorapid urbanization, there is need for the MCHB todo the following:

Service residential areas with the basic•

infrastructure i.e. water, electricity, roads andsewage system

Prepare zoning plans for the town to bring order•

in the development of the town

Slum upgrading programmes of informal•

settlements like Soa, Shauri Yako andMakongeni

Strictly enforce building regulations within the•

municipality

Acquire more land for housing schemes to cater•

for low-income earnersMCHB to set aside funds purchase of more land•

for housing development by the council. Tis will not only increase the housing stock in theMoHB, but will also enhance the revenue of thecouncil. Te funds to be used include LA F andCDF

Relocate Homa Bay GK prisons to pave way for•

more land within the CBD

Utilization of local building materials for the•

provision of low-income housing



17

ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

A busy local market © UN-HABITAT

Te analysis of the economic activities in MoHBprovides the knowledge on the available pool of

job opportunities, the level of their utilization. Tisnow e ge wi in orm t e strategies or improve

harnessing of the resources that provide theopportunities to increase job opportunities. It will alsoprovide knowledge on resources that are not yet fullymobilized so that they can be employed to increase

wea t creation or poverty era ication.

7.1 FISHING

Fishing in Lake Victoria is one of the main high-ranking income-generating activities in MoHB. Itinvolves the trapping of sh from the lake in oar-paddled boats, sailboats or motor-boats, using netsand hook and lines. Te shermen set out using theboats into the waters mainly at night to catch the sh.Te catch is then sold to middlemen who supply thevarious traders and industries.

Tis is the activity that provides a backbone for most

ot er economic activities in MoHB. Its per ormanceis determined by the availability of the equipmentand materials used by shermen to go into the watersand for catching sh. Tey include boats, nets, baits,lamps, hooks and lines and oaters. rade in these isa arge pro ts venture since t ey are in ig emanby the shermen.

Fish is sold for direct eating or for processing. Tesh caught is sold locally, in other towns and cities

like Kisii and Nairobi, or, after processing in thein ustries, or export to Europe. e service in ustryin Homa Bay thrives because of shing. Te variouservices required by shermen include boat andshing gear repairs, hotels and cafes and motor-boat

engine repairs.

7.2 INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES

7.2.1 FORMAL INDUSTRIES

Formal industries are industries that operate underlaw and are regulated by the government licensingand scal regimes. Te industries in MoHB operate

within a framework of sh-processing, byproduct ofs processing, oat ui ing an s inggear repairs.

Others are agro-based industry like the defunct cottoninnery.

Te most remarkable industry in MoHB is Capital

Fish which produces Nile Perch llets for exports. Teremaining skeleton of the sh (referred to in local termas mgongo wazi), is a popular delicacy of the poorof MoHB. Te Nile Perch is a major seller becauseof its high relative weight, hence makes large returns

when payment is made per a kilogram sold. Besides,the Nile Perch has a lot of shoil in large oilglandsin its throat. Tese oils are sold for manufacturingme icines as we as ietary supp ements.

C HAP T E R 7



18


Apart from the Nile Perch, other sh species as theherring and tilapia are also shed in large quantitiesfor export and a booming local trade.

Te main formal industry that deals in this vibrantsector is Capital Fish. However, the operations of theindustry leaves a lot to be desired, especially on howit handles mgongo wazi, which, while contributing toinformal retail trade among the poor residents, alsoleads to environmental pollution from the pungentsmell.

7.2.2 INFORMAL INDUSTRIES

Informal sector commonly referred to as Jua Kaliform the basis of industrial development in theMoHB. Te Jua Kali sector has a direct linkage withthe agricultural, building/ construction and industrialsectors for demand and supply of both Jua Kali inputsand nished products.

Te sector creates substantial self-employmentopportunities for those not employed in the formalsector. Te sector comprises of Jua Kali artisans,

women groups, youth groups and self help groups.Tese groups are involved in various incomegenerating activities to support their livelihood. Teinformal industrial activities carried out includecarpentry, motor vehicle mechanics, tailoring anddressmaking, radio repair, plumbing, saloons/hairdressers, blacksmiths and metal workers, cobblers,

watch repair, second hand clothes dealers, timberselling, metal fabrication, charcoal dealers, newspaperand foodstuff vendors.

Te strength of the informal sector lies in itsability to generate employment by use of simpleand appropriate technologies and locally availableresource. Te growth and development of this sector

will contribute signicantly to poverty reduction andrates of urban crime as it will absorb a large portionof the population.

7.2.3 POTENTIAL FOR INDUSTRY

Te location of Homa Bay favours the developmentof industries. Besides the formal and Jua Kali Industries, Homa Bay has the potential of gaining fromthe other factors in areas including the following:

Iron-ore, gold and copper in Macalder Mines that•

have not been fully exploited

Availability of construction rock quarries in•

Karachuonyo

Availability of limestone at Homa Lime and in•

Karachuonyo

7.3 COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES:FORMALAND INFORMAL ACTIVITIES

7.3.1 TRADE IN THE FISHING SUB-SECTOR

rade in the MoHB is an economic activity thattakes place around all economic activities and land-uses. In the shing sub-sector, trade takes placebeginning with boats and shing gear, sh and shby-products.

When the shermen have successfully landed thecatch, it is sold to middlemen who make arrangementsfor supplying it to the various markets, ranging fromlocal to international.

7.3.2 FORMAL COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES

Practices at various scales, registered and licensedcommercial activities can be categorized into the

following groups:Retail trade•

Several retail shops are located throughout theMoHB. Tey are mainly concentrated in the CBD,but elsewhere, others are found in residential estatesand other land uses as the buspark and administrativecentres. Such shops deal mainly in general domesticitems, hardware and other construction items.

Wholesale trade•

Tese denote the high calibre shops with largecapital input with regard to the quantity of supply ofthe various goods. Tey supply the retail shops thatdeal in bulk purchases to further break them downfor sale as individual items. Tese are mainly locatedin the CBD.

Commercial Banks and Other Financial•

Institutions

Financial institutions are generally ranked asservice industry. In MoHB, there are various bankslike Barclays Bank of Kenya, Commercial Bank ofKenya, Post Bank, as well as several M-PESA points.Te M-PESA service is a money transfer and bankingservice provided by the mobile phone service providerSafaricom.

7.3.3 INFORMAL COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES

Te unregistered traders of Homa Bay can broadlybe categorized into the following :

Hawking •

Tis category of on-the-move traders servesconveniently in busy centres such as the bus station

where the target group is travellers waiting to move to

other places in the MoHB. Others move from door-to-door in residential estates.



19

Unlawful Trade•

Some commercial ventures are not recognizedby law. Some of them operate despite the fact thatrunning them is an outright criminal offence underthe laws of Kenya. Tis category includes dealing inillicit brews and simply unlicensed shops dealing inlegal items. Tese thrive on corruption and generalimpunity on the perpetrators.

Open-air Markets•

MoHB has three open-air markets. Tese are Soa,Soko Mjinga and the major Municipal Market. Teyserve general traders who own nothing more thansimple stalls, but sell various food and non-food itemslike clothing and utensils.

Cattle Auctions•

Tese are markets where domestic animals are sold.

7.4 AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES

Agriculture in MoHB can be broken down into cropfarming and livestock keeping. Major crops grown inMoHB include maize, millet, sorghum, and peas. Tecrops are grown on smallscale mainly for subsistence,but a large proportion is sold for generating income.

Te only cash crop that does well in the immediatehinterland of Homa Bay is cotton, but since the crashof the cotton sub-sector in the whole country, thishas stalled. Te ginnery in Homa Bay is a signicantreminder of the potential of Homa Bay in thisregard.

Challenges experienced in this sector include poorsoils unsuitable for agriculture, use of traditionalfarming methods, inadequate rainfall and loss of soilfertility.

Livestock reared include cattle, sheep, goatsand poultry. Te major problems include periodicoccurrence of diseases like nagana, low-quality breedsof livestock and poorly organized markets whichresult in exploitation of middlemen. Other problemsinclude periodic outbreaks of tsetse ies.

7.5 TOURISM

Te potential of the tourism sector cannot gounnoticed in Homa Bay. Te construction of theHoma Bay ourist Hotel points to the earlier envisagedopportunities that exist. Te wide assortment oftourist attraction sites and resources include:

Lake Victoria and its aquatic resources•

Sightseeing resources like the hills•

Culture•

Wildlife, including lake animals like crocodiles•

and hippos, as well as in Ruma National Park.

Existence of Bala edo Hot Springs in•

Karachuonyo

Presence of a Hippo Station on Lake Victoria •

Presence of several other hills as tourist attraction•

sites, like Ruri Hills, Gembe Hills, Ruma Hills,etc.

Availability of gold in Kitere, in Rongo District•

Availability of Macalder Mines in Nyatike•

Availability of Limestone in Karachuonyo provides•

another area for possible development of HomaBay, including as an industrial centre

It is noted that the splitting of the South NyanzaDistrict, poor infrastructure and political re-arrangements deprived MoHB of urban functionsand scope of attraction hence reducing its image asa tourist destination. Te number of tourists visitingMoHB declined from this prevailing situation .However, with proper planning and attendantinfrastructure provision, MoHB can be repositionedas a major tourist hub.

On the other hand, the recent designation of theHoma Bay own as the Headquarters of the NyanzaSouth Province elicits excitement among the residents.Tis recognition centred on Homa Bay provides it

with a wider pedestal to increase its inuence, andspur growth further.


7.6.1 FISHING

Opportunities

Market for shing equipment•

Availability of electricity •

Centrality of MoHB with respect to other shing•

ports along Lake Victoria

Market for sh byproducts•

Local and international sh market•

Employment opportunities in service sector•

Availability of industries•

Challenges

Water hyacinth•

Water pollution•

Poor infrastructure to transport sh to markets•

Inadequate refrigeration facilities•

raditional shing methods•

Insecurity of shermen from pirates•

Exploitation of shermen by middlemen•

Receding waterline at the bay •



20


7.6.2 INDUSTRIES

Opportunities

Presence of raw materials such as sh•

Established industries like the cotton ginnery and•

Capital Fish

Government effort to re-establish cotton farming •

Availability of land•

Availability of different transport modes•

including road, air and maritime transport

Availability of water•

Availability of electricity •

Availability of cheap labour•

Demand for shing gear by shermen•

Challenges

Pollution from the industries•

Poor infrastructure provision•

Reduction on sh supply because of water•

hyacinth

7.6.3 CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Opportunities

High demand for housing •

Availability of construction materials, for•

example, stones, ballast and sand Availability of labour•

Challenges

Poor soils that make for a high cost of•

construction

Poor roads for transportation of building•

materials

Inadequate zoning regulations and by-laws•

Lack of an enforceable land use plan•

7.6.4 AGRICULTURE

Opportunities

Availability of market in MoHB•

Nearness to the CBD, hence low transport costs•

Disorganized livestock markets•

Pests and diseases•

Challenges

Unpredictable weather conditions•

Poor markets•

Poor roads•

7.6.5 TRADE

Opportunities

Large hinterland of MoHB•

Good linkage between trade, shing and•

industry

High population that provides market for•

produce

Challenges

Bureaucratic procedures in registration of•

businesses

Poor planning of the commercial centres•

Council interference in enterprise location•

Corruption of council officials on licensing•

procedures

7.6.6 TRANSPORT

Opportunities

Availability of alternative modes•

Fairly at terrain•

Challenges

Poor state of roads in Homa Bay own•

Water hyacinth that constrains water transport•

Poor roads leading to the airports•

Poor location of the main bus station•

Unavailability of ferry/steamer services•

7.6.7 TOURISM

Opportunities

Lake Victoria and its aquatic resources•

Potential for water sports like surng and•

boatracing

Potential for sport shing •

ourist attraction sites•

Rich local culture•

Availability of worldclass nancial institutions•

Accessibility of Ruma National Park •

Challenges

Poor condition of roads and other amenities•

Low exploitation of tourist attraction resources•

Inadequate tourist class hotels•

Polluted beaches and riparian areas•

Sprawling of slums along the beach lines•



21

INFRASTRUCTURE AND UTILITIESTis chapter seeks to take stock of all available

infrastructure and utilities within the MoHB, toidentify the opportunities yet to be harnessed in theirprovision, an to esta is t e wea nesses acing t eprovision of the services and utilities. Tis analysis willinform the strategies to improve the services provisionto improve the lives of the people of MoHB.

8.1 WATER

8.1.1 WATER SUPPLY

e census o 1999 reports t e main sources perhousehold for HBD as 39% streams and rivers, 24%boreholes and shallow wells, 13% ponds and dams,10% springs, 8% piped water, 8% from rainwaterharvesting while 4% gets directly from the lake.

Te main source of water for MoHB is LakeVictoria. e inta e, situate to t e sout -east othe municipality comprises of two pump-sets withcapacities of 1,500m /d and 2,000m /d for the old

and new pumps, respectively.

While the old pump delivers raw water to the lowertreatment plant near Makongeni Estate, the new onei ts water to t e new treatment p ant on t e s opes o

Asego hills to the north of the CBD.

Te total water supply is designed to deliver about3,500m /day against a total water demand of 5,100m /day and 3,100m day for the larger municipalityand the CBD, respectively. Te system is currentlypro ucing on y a out 2,200m / ay eaving a s ort aof 1,000m day while the other 100m /day is obtainedfrom other sources including shallow wells, springs,boreholes and direct from the lake.

Respondents indicated that, apart from the piped water which is not regular in its supply, they rely onroo catc ments as t eir source o water most o t etime.

8.1.2 WATER DEMAND

o wor out water eman , an t e consequent waste water produced, we use the average waterdemand of 100 litres of water per person daily. Perhousehold, therefore, water consumption is 500litres per a day, equivalent to 5m per a day. With theapproximate y 15,000 ouse o s, t at a one wouneed more that 15,00m of water, businesses and

offices, schools, colleges, prison, churches, etc, the water demand obviously outstrips supply by far.

8.2 SANITATION

8.2.1 SEWERAGE SYSTEM

Te sewerage system only serves less than 10 per centof the municipal area. Te level of sewer connection is

very low. Tis means that many developments frontingthe sewer remain unconnected. Tis is attributed tothe high sewer connection charges.

Te low sewer connection level is also attributed tot e sp it responsi i ity etween t e MCHB in c argeof sewerage and the National Water Conservation andPipeline Corporation, which is responsible for waterupply. Te sewerage system also faces blockages due

to inadequate water supply.

Te modern sewage treatment plant constitutes ofta i ization pon s ocate near t e a e.

8.2.2 SEPTIC TANKS AND SOAK PITS

Many resi entia eve opments an institutions areon septic tanks and soak pits. Te municipality doesnot maintain records on the number and location ofeptic tanks and soak pits.

8.2.3 PIT LATRINES

Pit latrines are the most common method of wastedisposal. Pit latrines are also common even amongproperties with septic tanks and sewer connections.

is is ecause o t e ina equate an unre ia e water supply in the municipality. In some cases, likein institutions, the lledup pit latrines are treatedand exhausted, while in other areas the lled-up pitlatrines are abandoned and new ones dug.

8.2.4 STORM WATER DRAINAGE

Te storm water drainage network is indeed poorand inadequate. Te municipality does not have acompre ensive storm water rainage system, ut t eyhave two types, primary and secondary networks.

Te primary drainage system consists of naturaltreams and valleys that drain the municipality. Tis

natural system adequately drains the municipality.Te only limitation is that the natural ow of streams

C HAP T E R

8



22


has been interrupted by development and buildingactivities. Te natural causeways have, therefore, indue course been blocked.

Te secondary drainage system consists of the man-made drainage system. Te secondary drainage systemin many parts of the municipality is totally inadequateand/or totally lacking in the CBD.

Te storm water drains are often broken down andmany are blocked by solid waste. Along the main streetsin the CBD, manhole covers and the slabs are brokenand deep drains are left open. Tis poses serious risksto motorists and pedestrians and encourages breedingof mosquitoes and other vermin.

Te construction of wide, deep and open drains isparticularly unacceptable. In many areas, the drainsare not lined. Tis leads to serious erosion because ofthe steep land slope, deep loose soil and heavy rainfallstorms experienced in the area. Te drainage systemhas also been blocked by encroachment of businessand building activities.

8.2.5 WASTE WATER DISPOSAL

Te wastewater disposal system used in the MoHBincludes sewerage, septic tanks, soak pits and pitlatrines.

8.3 SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM

8.3.1 SOLID WASTE GENERATION

Te amount of solid waste generated per day is high.Tis combines all sources (residential, commercial,industrial and institutional). Te quantity of wasteproduction is expected to keep increasing becauseof the increasing population. Te bulk of the wastegenerated is from domestic and commercial sources.Tere is little industrial waste production as fewindustries are located in the municipality.

8.3.2 STORAGE

Storage of waste at household level and thecommercial outlets is poor. Storage facilities like binsare not provided. Most of the waste is stored in themakeshift receptacles and/or dumped in the openground, on the road and walkways. In all major wasteproduction points like the municipal markets, hotelsand institutions no bulk containers are available.

8.3.3 SORTING OF WASTE

Solid waste is not sorted at source. All the waste(paper, plastic, glass, metals and foods) are all mixedtogether. Some of the metal parts are, however,

recycled and used by the metal Jua kali artisans, andsome of the waste like paper, glass and plastics are alsorecycled whenever possible.

8.3.4 COLLECTION

Te MCHB is limited in terms of solid wastecollection. Te amount of waste collected is notknown as the municipality does not keep the records.Little waste is, however, collected as the bulk of the

waste is left to rot in the open heaps spread all overthe municipality.

8.3.5 DISPOSAL SITE

Te municipal does not have adequate equipmentand site to handle and dispose safely of the solid waste.Te disposal is not acceptable as it is poorly operated.Te tipping is not controlled and scavenging of wasteis common. Te current waste disposal site is locatedat the foot of Asego Hill, adjacent to the cemetery andHoma Bay High School.

8.3.6 WASTE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES

Increase/build capacity on waste management•

Increase waste collection points•

Open up access roads for waste collection•

Site and designate dumpsite•

Enforce by-laws relating to waste disposal•

Recycling of solid wastes•

Create awareness and public education on waste•

disposal

Privatization of solid waste management e.g.•

through youth groups, CBOs

Improve processing and relocate the ‘mgongo•

wazi’

8.4 ENERGY

Te main energy sources are electricity, petroleumfuel and fuelwood. Te energy supplied is usedfor cooking, lighting, industrial production andtransport. Te main energy sources for cooking arekerosene, charcoal and rewood. Use of electricityand petroleum gas for cooking is limited. For lighting,the main sources are kerosene and electricity.

Te majority of these consumers (about 65%) aredomestic. Industrial consumers are negligible. Onlyabout 20% of the MoHB is supplied with power. Tereport reveals that the electricity supply is inadequateto meet the demand since there were a high numberof applicants on the waiting list.

8.4.1 ELECTRICITY

KPLC supplies the electricity to Homa Bay. Tereis always frequent power rationing within the townand the electricity distribution per household is verylow.





23

Existing poor drainage systems and solid waste management © UN-HABITAT

8.4.2 PETROLEUM FUELS

Tis is mainly used for lighting in homes.

8.4.3 WOOD FUEL

Wood fuel is mainly used for cooking in itsnatural form or as charcoal that is obtained from the

hinterland of MoHB.

8.4.4 OTHER SOURCES OF ENERGY

Other families, especially those with higher incomesrely on liqueed petroleum gas (LPG).

8.5 STREET-LIGHTING

Street-lighting is extremely poor within theCBD. Street-lighting infrastructure exists, but it ispoorly maintained and broken down. Roads servingimportant facilities like markets, slaughterhouses, BusPark, stadium, hotels and offices are poorly served.

In the residential areas, street-lighting is poor andin many cases it is virtually non-existent. Inadequatestreet lighting is a major cause of increased insecurity.ravel at night by car and even particularly walking is

often risky and has also negatively affected businessactivity hours.

8.6 TRANSPORTATION

All sectors link one to another through transport

networks. For the economy of any region to beimproved and properly managed, the movement ofpeople and goods must be conducted efficiently tosave time and money. ransportation analysis provides

the basis for the improvement of the sector that hasresponsibility for accessibility and mobility in MoHBand its link with the rest of Kenya.

8.6.1 TRANSPORTATION DEMAND

Tis section seeks to identify the areas wherepassengers and goods originate from and theirdestinations. ransportation demand takes placein whatever land uses wherever human action takesplace.

8.6.2 TRIP GENERATION

Te CBD of Homa Bay attracts passengers fromall over South Nyanza since Homa Bay is a formerheadquarters of the previous South Nyanza Districtsthat was split into Homa Bay, Migori, Rachuonyo,Suba, Kuria and Rongo Districts. Most governmentoffices, including the Lands Offices, that served the

districts, remained in Homa Bay and this still attractspopulation from such a wide hinterland.

Te bus terminus of Homa Bay remains a gatewayinto Mbita Point, Kisumu, Kisii and Migori forpeople in the region.

8.6.3 ROAD TRANSPORT

Te HBD has a total of 645 Km of both classiedand unclassied roads and all these roads affect thetransportation network of the municipality.

Te roads consists of the dilapidated and thecurrently under construction, Homa Bay – Rongotarmac road, Homa Bay - Kendu Bay gravel road andthe gravel Homa Bay - Mbita Road. Te roads in the



24


CBD are bitumen surfaced although the pavement onsome of the roads is badly worn out. Roads connectingthe municipality with the residential estates are earth/gravel surface.

Some of the roads are often impassable during theheavy rains. Currently, some of the roads in the CBDare being rehabilitated.

8.6.4 MOTORIZED VERSUS NON-MOTORIZEDTRANSPORT

Despite the presence of heavy pedestrian and cycletraffic, there is inadequate provision of infrastructure.Pedestrian sections hardly exist and where availablethey are narrow, poorly designed and maintained.

Along main roads, surface drains and sewer manholesare left open thus posing serious risks to pedestriansand cyclists.

Security for pedestrians and cyclists is poor as streetlighting is inadequate and/or not provided at all inmany routes. A footpath and/or a cycle lane of at least1.5m wide should be provided along the road. Teopen veranda space fronting business premises shouldalso be left clear for free movement of pedestriantraffic. At the moment, this space has been encroachedupon by informal sector activities.

8.6.5 TERMINAL FACILITIES

Te main terminal facility is a hardsurface, pavedbus station that. Other small bus or matatu stands

and lay-bys also exist in MoHB for the picking ordropping of passengers and goods.

8.6.6 PARKING FACILITIES

Tere is inadequate provision of parking facilitiesin the CBD. Vehicles are parked along the roadpavement and footpaths. Tis has led to serious trafficcongestion in the CBD. Te situation is particularlybad along the Rongo-Homa Bay-Kendu Bay roads

where public transport vehicles (buses and matatus)park to drop off and pick up passengers.

Parking problem is also aggravated by major buildingdevelopments being allowed without adequate spaceprovision for parking. Parking space of one car shouldalways be provided for every 80 -100m2 of commercial/office oor space. An unauthorized bus park and busstops are located near the municipal market.

8.6.7 AIR TRANSPORT

Te airstrip that serves MoHB is located 8 Kmsoutheast of the municipality at Kabunde. Te majorfunction of the facility is to facilitate air transportfor tourists travelling from Nairobi, Maasai Mara,and other tourist attraction centres to Ruma Gamereserve, Simbi Nyaima, Rusinga Island and MfanganoIsland. It is mainly used by light aircraft.

8.6.8 WATER TRANSPORT/TRANSPORT INMARITIME SPACE

Tere is a concrete pier at the habour which usedto be run by the Kenya Railways but has been shutdown due to the water hyacinth menace that madenavigation impossible. Te shipping route to HomaBay has since been recalled because of the receding

waterline and the water hyacinth. However, the smallboats and canoes that ply various lake routes still linkHoma Bay and other lakeshore destinations. Teseroutes include:

Homa Bay to Kisumu•

Homa Bay to Kendu Bay,•

Homa Bay to Mfangano Island•

Homa Bay to Kampala, Uganda, among other•

high potential routes

Transportation challenges

High number and increased rate in motor-cycle•

taxis

High number and increased rate of bicycle taxis•

Inadequate roads to satisfy all road transport•

demand

Lack of consideration of other road users like non-•

motorized transport in the road designs

Narrow roads•

Poor state of roads•



25

SOCIAL SERVICES AND COMMUNITYFACILITIES

50

30

None Std 1-4 Std 5-8 Form 1-4 Form 5-6 University NS

MaleFemale

Chart Showing Education Levels of Males and Females in Homa Bay

FIGURE 9.1:EDUCATION LEVELS IN HOMA BAY

9.1 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES

Education is an important tool of socio-economiceve opment o any community. It empowers t e

community to perform various duties efficiently andeffectively and therefore increases in labour returns.Education has the ability to enhance human capacityand development of knowledge, which is necessaryor pro uction an t ere ore in uences eve opment

process in any area.

9.1.1 DISTANCE TRAVELED TO SCHOOL

On average, pre-primary sc oo s are ocate wit ina walking range of 500 meters, thus making themeasily accessible by pupils. Most of the primarychools are found within a range of 1 Km making

them accessible to more pupils. Secondary schools areon average ocate wit in t e range o -5 Km. ismeans that the average walking distance to schoolfor the various age groups is manageable, except forecondary schools.

9.1.2 EXISTING FACILITIES

Tere are 58 Early Childhood DevelopmentECD) Nursery schools of which 25 are public and

33 private. Tese facilities are within the range of 500quare meters, t us ma ing access easy or pupi s. At

the moment, the facilities are more than enough sincethe majority are managed by the private sector andalways placed where there is demand.

Education for the handicapped is also provided.Proper supervision and control is required in this sectoras most of them have been started for commercialpurposes thus offering substandard services.

Tere are a total of 72 primary schools, of which57 are public and 15 private, ten secondary schools,two youth polytechnics colleges, one medical trainingcollege and three ECD eacher raining Colleges inthe municipality.

9.1.3 SCHOOL DROP OUT RATES

Tese have considerably dropped since theintro uction o ree primary e ucation in 2003 w enthe NARC Government came into power. However,the rate of school drop out in females is still higher atthe secondary school bracket. Te chart below showsthe comparison of the education level between menand women.

9.1.4 CHALLENGES

Congestion of classrooms•

Poor design of classrooms in most parts of the•

municipality

Lack of playgrounds for most private schools•

Lack or shortage of hostels to cater for both•

the eacher raining College and the Medicalraining College

C HAP T E R

9

source: Field Survey (2008)



26


9.1.5 SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS

More government allocation towards provision of•

learning facilities

Construct more classrooms and renovate the•

existing ones

Enhance partnership with funding agencies to•

support education services in the districtIncrease bursary for orphans and needy students•

/ pupils

Expand the size and numbers of existing tertiary•

institutions to accommodate more students fromsecondary schools

Introduce more polytechnics to absorb Class•

Eight and Form Four drop outs who cannot accesshigher education

Increase hostel and dormitory capacity in the•

Medical CollegePut up storey buildings in schools to cater for land•

shortage. Tis will ensure that more students areenrolled in schools

Encourage construction of more private schools•

in MoHB to ll the existing gaps from the publicschools.

Tere is strong need for the government to effect•

policies on size of classrooms, student/teacherratio to avoid congestion in the schools

Te MCHB can enter into partnership with•

religious groups/NGOs with the view ofproviding adequate education facilities within themunicipality

9.2 HEALTH FACILITIES

Te provision of primary health care to all citizenshas been a goal of the government of Kenya, whichdenes health as the mental, physical and social

well-being of a person and not the mere absence ofdisease.

Tere is an inextricable link between poverty andhealth. Poverty is the inability to meet increasing needsin health care costs, due to high diseases prevalence,caused by lack of education on preventable diseases,as well as nutritional habits. On the other hand, sickpeople will not be economically productive henceintensifying poverty in a vicious circle.

Te overall goal of health sector policy until 2010in Kenya is to “promote and improve the health ofall Kenyans through deliberate restructuring of thehealth sector to make all health services more effectiveaccessible and affordable”

Te goals and targets of the health sector asidentied in the national poverty eradication plan areto lower morbidity from common diseases such asmalaria, acute respiratory infections, diarrhoea, skininfections, reduce the material mortality rate, increasedeliveries conducted by health personnel, reduceinfant mortality, give food supplements to childrenin the poorest districts and educate mothers in infantfeeding and immunization

9.2.1 HEALTHCARE PROVISION IN MoHB

Te MoHB has the highest concentration of healthfacilities in the district. Tese facilities are run by

the GoK, private sector and Non-GovernmentalOrganizations (NGOs). Te health facilities operatinginclude hospitals, maternity and nursing homes,health centres, dispensaries and clinics. However, themajority of the health facilities are owned and run bythe private sector. See table 9.1 below.

Tere is one public hospital, which is the districthospital owned by the GoK with the help of MedicinesSan Frontiers (MSF), an NGO. MSF has rehabilitatedthe mortuary, laundry, kitchen and B wards andalso upgraded the district hospitals sewerage systemand opened a HIV/AIDS clinic and an in-patientpharmacy. Being only the referral hospital in thedistrict, it faces a number of problems, which includecongestion, inadequate drugs, inadequate staff andoverstretched facilities.

Apart from the district hospital, there are also nineprivate health centres run by Catholic Church, sevenprivate clinics, one health centre belonging to the

Anglican Church and several private and public VCcentres.

9.2.2 DISEASE PREVALENCE

Some of the most prevalent diseases include malaria,typhoid, skin diseases, sexually transmitted diseasesand respiratory diseases. Malaria outbreaks are usuallycommon during the long rain season between Marchand May.

Ownership/ Category GOK MISSION PRIVATE TOTAL

Hospital 1 1

Health Centres 10 10Clinics 1 7 8

TOTAL 2 10 7 19

TABLE 9.1: OWNERSHIP OF HEALTH INSTITUTIONS IN MOHB

source: Field Survey (2008)



27

One o the primary schools in Homa Bay. © UN-HABITAT

yphoid and Intestinal diseases are equally attributedto untreated water from contaminated water sourcessuch as the lake, wells, and the river.

9.2.3 HIV PREVALENCE RATE

According to the District development Plan 2002-2008, the HIV prevalence rates stands at 24%. Tismeans that out of 100 persons, 24 persons are infected.Tis however has reduced due to increased publicawareness campaigns, even though the municipalityrates are still higher than the national rates, whichcurrently stand at 15%.

9.2.4 CHALLENGES FACING PROVISION OF

HEALTH SERVICESInadequate drug supply to meet increasing•

demand.

Inadequate funding due to limited government•

allocations

Failure to afford health services due to prevalent•

poverty levels

Inaccessibility of health services due to poor•

distribution

Inadequate trained personnel•

Low awareness on best health practices among•

people due to high illiteracy levels

HIV/AIDS prevalence•

Suggested solutions on healthcare provision

Educate people on good health practices•

Enhance partnership to construct more•

dispensaries and fund health services

Employ more trained personnel•

Allocate more government funding •

Future plans for health facilities

Expand existing health facilities to meet current•

and future demands

Construct more dispensaries in areas with•

fastgrowing populations such as the township

Provide medical services to all at an affordable cost•

in tandem with the overall national governmentgoal

9.3 RELIGIOUS FACILITIES

Tere are numerous churches and a mosquein MoHB to cater for the various Christiandenominations and Muslims. Christian organizationsand churches run various facilities and services such asschools and hospitals.

An issue related to churches is that they are

haphazardly situated within the municipality andthat changes of use from commercial or residential tochurches take place without approval being obtained.



28


9.4 SOCIAL FACILTIES

9.4.1 LIBRARY FACILITIES

Tere is only one library, which caters for primaryand secondary schools students. A space should be setaside for the construction of a library since the current

one is small and cannot contain the ever-increasingreader population.

9.4.2 MARKETS AND SHOPPING CENTRES

Tere is one permanent market within the CBD while every estate has a market where goods aresold every evening. Tese are found in the estates atMakongeni, Soa, Rabuor and Asego.

Most of the shopping centres are located alongthe Rongo-Homa Bay Road. Te shops date backto pre-independence periods and were constructed

at the time by Indian Dukawalas who settled there when the trading centre was gazetted by the colonialgovernment.

Te shopping centre has squeezed the main streetleaving little room for expansion of the road leadingto the beach. In case of any development, the shops

will have to be relocated away from the road reserve soas to spur economic activities at the beach.

9.4.3 RECREATIONAL FACILITIES

Diverse recreational facilities are found in MoHB.

Tese include bars, restaurants and lodges, beach andopen eld usually used for sports activities. RumaNational Reserve is located between Homa BayDistrict and Suba District to the east. Currently, thereis only one stadium and children’s park that is locatednext to the ourist Hotel.

Te land that was set aside for recreation wasgrabbed. All the estate playing-grounds within themunicipality have also been grabbed leaving thechildren with no playing-grounds except in schoolcompounds.

Te available recreational facilities (bars andrestaurants) only cater for adults while neglectingactivities and fun days that can be attended by the

whole family. Initially families used to visit thebeach but now the lake is covered by water hyacinth.

Alternative places where they can take their familiesfor fun day is to other urban centers such as Sare-

Awendo, Isebania, Rongo and Kisii.

Challenges

All recreational centres have been grabbed•

All estate playing grounds have been grabbed, for•

example the site and services at Oriang

Lack of deferred land•

Shortage of family only recreational facilities•

Encroached beaches in Homa Bay that could be•

developed for recreation

Opportunities

Undeveloped plots•

Repossession of grabbed open spaces and•

undeveloped plots

Riparian land along the lake (open space)•

Way Forward

Repossession of grabbed open spaces and•

undeveloped plots by the council

Designate the riparian land for recreational•

purposes

Creation of play-grounds in every estate such as•

Shauri Yako, Site and Service and Oriang

Acquisition of land for a museum and cultural•

center by the council Acquire land for show ground (cemetery and•

dumping site to be relocated to pave the way forthis)

Creation of a sandy beach, with high quality white•

sand shipped by trucks from Sori (Karungu Bay)and other areas

Tere is a need for a modern recreational park in•

the municipality

9.4.4 CIVIC AND ADMINISTRATION FACILITIES

MoHB houses various government and civicoffices. Te District Commissioner for Homa BayDistrict, offices for the Homa Bay Police Division,offices for County Council of Homa Bay as well asMCHB are all found within MoHB. Various areasalso have the ward offices within them to co-ordinatedevelopment and activities within their respectiveareas of jurisdiction

9.4.5 HOMES FOR PEOPLE WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

Tere is one orphanage that caters for children

affected by HIV/AIDS.

9.4.6 POLICE STATIONS AND PRISONS

Tere is a police station, an Administration PoliceUnit, a correctional centre (prison) and the DistrictCommissioner offices as well as other central GoKdepartments

9.4.7 POST OFFICE

Tere is a general post office that offers variousservices including mail management and banking as

well as an IC Centre for public use. All these areaccessed at a cost.




EXISTING COMMUNITY FACILITIES

MAP 9.1: EXISTING COMMUNITY FACILITIES

28a



29

9.4.8 FIRE-FIGHTING FACILITIES

Te Municipal Council of Homa Bay runs a reengine that serves the whole town.

9.4.9 CEMETERIES

Te MoHB has no Christian cemetery. Only

the Muslim community has a cemetery since otherreligions tend to bury their dead in ancestral homes.Te small Hindu population living in the municipalitycremates their dead at the Municipality of Kisumu orMunicipality of Kisii.

9.4.10 PUBLIC TOILETS

Tere is an only one public toilet facility at the buspark managed by the MCHB. Most of the publicfacilities, such as hotels, bars, schools, commercialoffices have their own toilets, which their customerscan use.

9.4.11 SLAUGHTER FACILITIES

Te Municipality utilizes the services of oneslaughter facility which manages meat from cows,goat and sheep.

9.5 CHALLENGES RELATED TORECREATIONAL FACILITIES

Spaces are required for different types of•

recreational facilities like amusement parks andswimming pools

Shortage of hotels, lodges and other recreational•

facilities to tap tourists who visit the municipalityon their way to Ruma National Reserve, RusingaIsland Mfangano Island and Simbi Nyaima,among other tourist attractions

Te beach front is polluted and the water hyacinth•

menace should be cleared to make the lake arecreational area once more, and even improve thescope for its use for recreation purposes

Te slaughterhouse should be upgraded to modern•

standards for efficiency and to reduce pollution

Te number of public toilets should be increased•

in areas that are used by the public

Te Homa Bay Municipal Stadium should be•

upgraded

Fireghting capacity of the municipality should•

be improved.

Te GK Prison has taken a lot of valuable urban•

land. It should alternatively be relocated into areas with lower land values outside the municipality.

Te management of the cemetery should be•

improved

Location of churches and mosques should be•

planned away from residential areas to protectresidents from noises coming from these facilities,especially at night

More estate recreational facilities should be created•

to cater for all age groups



30

INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORKo give a plan legitimacy, physical planning has

legally laid down institutions and legal statutes toregulate it. Tese institutions are the office of the

irector o p ysica p anning t e oca aut ority, anthe municipal physical planning liaison committeeand various acts of parliament.

10.1 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

Tis section seeks to establish all the institutionsmandated by law to prepare, implement and managePhysical Development Plans.

10.1.1 DIRECTOR OF PHYSICAL PLANNING

Te Physical Planning Act (1996) Cap 287mandates the Director of Physical Planning to preparea p ysica eve opment p an or a areas. He can ashe wishes assign consultants to undertake planning

work. Te District Physical Planning officers representthe Director of Physical Planning at the District level.Homa Bay District has a District Physical Planning

Officer, resident at the Homa Bay own.

10.1.2 LOCAL AUTHORITY

Under the Local Authorities Act (1965) Cap 265a oca aut orities are entit e to imp ement p ysicadevelopment plans prepared under the office ofDirector physical planning. For that reason the clientto this local physical development plan will be theMCHB.

Tey will also be entitled to provide the relevantin ormation t at wi ea to t e preparation o t e

local physical development plan, short term 2009 to2014 and long term up to 2030.

10.1.3 MUNICIPAL PHYSICAL PLANNINGLIAISON COMMITTEE

Tis is a committee set up to arbitrate overdisputes that may arise from a plan or concerning

eve opments. e MCHB oes not ave a iaisoncommittee. Disputes are attended to by the districtliaison committee in Homa Bay.

10.2 LEGAL FRAMEWORK

is re ers to t e various acts o par iament an ot erpieces of legislation that affect physical planning.

Tey are as follows:

10.2.1 THE CONSTITUTION OF KENYA,SECTION 11

planning practices.

10.2.2 PHYSICAL PLANNING ACTCAP 286 OF 1996

is Act ma es provision or t e preparation o aphysical development plan. Te Act empowers thedirector of physical planning under Section 24 (1)to prepare in reference to any government trust orprivate lands within any area of jurisdiction of a city,municipa , town or ur an counci , or wit re erenceto any trading or market centre a local physicaldevelopment plan.

Section 29 states that, subject to the provisions ofthis Act, each local authority shall have power

o prohibit or control the use and development of•

land and buildings in the interests of proper andor er y eve opment o its area

o consider and approve all development•

app ications an grant a eve opmentpermissions

Section 30 1) directs that no person shall carryout eve opment wit in t e area o a oca aut ority

without a development permission granted by thelocal authority under Section 33.

Section 31(a) indicates that for purposes ofdevelopment control, and to ensure compliance to thevarious regulations as there may be in a respective localaut ority, a person requiring eve opment permissionhall make an application in the form prescribed in

the Fourth Schedule (PPA1), to the Clerk of the localauthority responsible for the area in which the landconcerned is situated.

CHAPTER10



31

Section 33 (1) grants the local authority powersto grant permission for development, or refuse togrant permission to an application under Section

31 ,depending on whether the application ofthe development satises the regulations set fordevelopments or not.

10.2.3 PHYSICAL PLANNERS REGISTRATIONACT, NUMBER 3 OF 1996

Tis is an Act of parliament providing for theregistration of physical planners and for otherpurposes therein. Part II of this Act provides for theestablishment of a board to be known as the PhysicalPlanners Registration Board, which shall be charged

with the registration (of only qualied) and regulationof the activities of and conduct of physical planners.

Tis act ensures that only qualied and certied(by the board) physical planners prepare physical

development plans.

10.2.4 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT CAP 265(1965)

Te key role of local government is to implementapproved physical development plans.Section 166 of the Local Government Act states that every cityMunicipal, county, town or urban Council subjectto any written law relating there to, prohibits andcontrols development and use of land and buildingin the interest of proper and orderly development ofits area.

Municipal council of Homa Bay will undertake thisrole as stated by the Act.

Section 162 (9) of this Act empowers the localauthority to control or prohibit sub division or cuttingof land or sub division of existing building plots intosmaller areas.

Section 166 provides that every Municipal Council,County Council or own Council may, subject toany other written law relating there-to, prohibit andcontrol the development and use of land and buildings

in the interest of the proper and orderly developmentof its area.

Section 168 empowers local authorities to establishand maintain sewerage and drainage works within itsarea of jurisdiction.

Also, the Act empowers the local authorities tomake by laws desirable for maintenance of a safeand healthy environment for human habitation intheir areas of jurisdiction; provision of other forms ofinfrastructure is also placed in the domains of the localauthority such as the provision of roads or electricity,

and to promote housing development. Te MCHB will undertake these as appropriate.

10.2.5 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT ANDCOORDINATION ACT (1999)

Tis is an Act of Parliament providing for theestablishment of an appropriate legal and institutionalframework for the management of the environmentand for matters connected there-with.

It aims at promoting a safe, clean and healthyenvironment. Section 4 provides for the establishmentof Environmental Conict Management Authority,

while Section 7 provides for the establishment ofNational Environmental Management Authority.

Tese institutions are responsible for the executionof the requirements stipulated in this Act, in relationto policies relating to the environment.

Section 58 of this Act requires that every developmentproject likely to have impacts on the environment toundergo an environmental impact assessment before

commencement of any works. According to the Act’s second schedule, preparation of local physicaldevelopment plans fall under the projects required toundergo environmental impacts assessment.

Section 44 provides for protection of hilltopshillsides and mountain areas and forests. Section 45as well, provides for protection of the environmentand signicant areas with any area of natural beautyor species of indigenous wildlife or the preservationof biodiversity as part of environmentally sensitiveareas.

In the course of the preparation of Homa Bay SUDP,the Provision under this Act will be considered.

10.2.6 PUBLIC HEALTH ACT CAP 242 (1967)

Tis Act of parliament makes provision for securityand maintaining health. Tis Act empowers localauthorities to establish office of the Medical Officerof Health or Health Inspector from whom they maymake necessary inquiries and inspection regarding toany matter incidental to public health in developmentactivities.

With regard to community facilities, Section 32(1) empowers local authorities to provide hospitalsand places for reception of the sick to their residents.Section 124 (a) empowers local authorizes to makeby-laws as regarding development of building andsanitation. Te Act also empowers the local authoritiesto demolish remove or alter buildings unt for humanhabitation.

Section 129 of the public health Act provides forthe powers of the local authorities in relation to theprotection of water supplies including purication ofany such water which has been polluted.



32


10.2.7 AGRICULTURE ACT (1986)

Tis is an Act of Parliament providing for thepromotion and maintenance of stable agricultureand to provide for the conservation of soil and itsfertility to stimulate development of agriculture andin accordance to be with the accepted practice of goodland management and husbandry.

Under this Act the minister for agriculture maydeclare the essential crops to be grown limit the plantsizes of agricultural undertakings and even empowerlocal authorities to make production of particularproducts, zone land in the interest of particularagricultural industries.

Te Act also protects land on high slopes from soilerosion protection of watercourses and protectionagainst erosion by run off water.

10.2.8 LAND CONTROL ACT CAP 302

Tis is an Act of Parliament that provides forcontrol of transactions involving agricultural land.Te applications for sub division of land are to beaccompanied by a proposed sub division plan preparedby a registered physical planner, before consent isgranted. However, complications may arise when theagricultural land falls within designated urban areas

where other pieces of legislation apply.

10.2.9 LAND ACQUISITION ACT CAP 295

Tis Act affects the Office of the Commissionerof Lands. It empowers the government and or localauthorities to acquire land compulsory, if the useof the proposed use of the land is in consonance

with public interest, but is not limited to interest ofdefence, public safety, public order, public health,town and country planning and the development of,and utilization of any property.

10.3 OTHER POLICY DOCUMENTS THATCONTROL PLANNING

10.3.1 THE BUILDING CODE OF 1968

Tis is a document based on British buildingstandards introduced in Kenya to control buildingdesign and control. Te adoptive by-laws are dividedinto Local Government Adoptive By-laws Grade 1and Local Government Adoptive By-laws Grade 2.

Te Local Government Adoptive By-laws Grade 1controls high income housing, while Grade 2 By-lawscontrol buildings for low-income populations.

Te Building Code, 1968 deals with controls inhousing quality, building materials and planning

standards. Te by-laws rigidly prescribe planning anddesign standards with respect to minimum plot sizes,maximum coverage, and minimum space aroundbuildings. Tey also outline room dimensions,

including minimum room area, minimum roomheight, kitchen dimensions, wet cores/ablutionsminimum dimensions, access to rooms (minimum

width of doors), lighting and ventilation(minimum widths of windows). Te also provide for standards onconstruction materials for foundations, oors, walls,roofs.

Tey are adoptive in the sense that any localauthority in Kenya can adopt them for application

within their areas of jurisdiction.

10.3.2 THE BUILDING CODE OF 1995

Tese are Local Government Adoptive By-laws,introduced in 1995. Tey are basically Grade 2 by-laws applicable for the provision of low-incomehousing in Kenya.

10.3.3 THE PHYSICAL PLANNING HANDBOOK

Te Physical Planning Handbook ( 2002) providesguidelines for the preparation and implementationof physical development plans. It is meant foruse by physical planners, land administrators,local authorities and other relevant personnel andinstitutions responsible for guiding and controllingthe use and development of land in Kenya.

Te objectives of this handbook include provisionof understanding and uniformity in the followingplanning, development control and development co-ordination tasks:

Preparation of physical development plans for•

both rural and urban areas, (chapter one);

Provision of equitable levels of socio-economic•

facilities and services, (chapter two);

Consideration of development applications,•

(chapter three); and

Development co-ordination (chapter four).•

Te handbook is largely as a reference in thepreparation of local and regional physical developmentplans; guidance of the use and development of land;and administration procedures involved thereto.Tis is due to Kenya’s dynamic environment, diversephysical and socio-economic conditions and politicalchanges.

10.3.4 THE NATIONAL LAND POLICY

Te National Land Policy is mainly concerned withall issues incidental to land in Kenya. It concerns itself

with land ownership, the use of land-use planning,land administration, solutions to historical injusticeson matters about land in Kenya emanating all the

way from the colonial times and other salient issuesrevolving around land, and land use and ownership.



33

INSTITUTION OPPORTUNITIES CONSTRAINTS

Local Authority · Existence o the law, the local governmentact

· Low unding rom the central government

· Local authority trans er und · Corruption and mismanagement o unds

· Existence o revenue · Inadequate qualied personnel· Authority over land · Political inter erence

· Lack o community participation

CDF · The many community acilities have beenconstructed under the cd programme.

· Local community not very well in ormedabout their roles in the utilization o the

unds.

· It is an example o what can be re erredto as community driven developmentinitiative.

· Lack o accountability and transparencyin the utilization o the unds

lake Basin Development Authority(LBDA)

· O er technology and expertise support · Availability o structures and system orits operations.

· Not actively pursuing the role odevelopment o the town

· Limited community involvement ondevelopment projects

NGOs · Introduce new technologies which areeasy to solve current problems

· Many inactive NGOs

· Fund or projects that they aresupporting

· Most NGOs are not lined with otherinstitutions

· Community empowerment andenlightenment in e ort to povertyeradication

· NGOs introduce innovations andwithdraw a ter some time

· Some NGOs operate under policies/

conditions that are hard to meet locally· Lack o clear agenda

· Overlap and replication o developmentplanning

CBOs · Mobilize resources or members · Many inactive CBOs

· Give so t loans to members · Lack o resources to support projects

· Bring members o the communitytogether to work or a common goal

· Poor skills o the CBO s members

10.4 CRITICAL EMERGING ISSUES ON LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

10.5 SUMMARY OF OVERALL

EMERGING ISSUESTe organization structure allows for sectoral

autonomy in central government departments andthe local government that has led to duplication offunctions. Tis is evident when it comes to provisionof services to the people and diffusion of nancialresources for development.

Autonomy of central government departmentsdepicts a hierarchy of administrative system in whichthe national level acts as the centre/core of decision-making, while the lower sub-national units are required

to relate to the higher authorities. For example, theDistrict Commissioner is not responsible to any otherdistrict’s heads of other departments and vice-versa.

oo much emphasis has been devoted to service

delivery but very little on involving the community andtheir resources in the development process, which hasled to lack of ownership of projects by the communityand hence their failure to be implemented.



34

PLAN PROPOSALSTe previous chapters presented an analysis of the

existing situation and critical development emergingconstraints and opportunities. Having identied theconstraints to development of different sectors in theregion, various approac es were suggeste to mitigatethe emerging development challenges.

In addition, the identied development potentialsor opportunities need to be translated into benecialdevelopment activities. Terefore, this chapter presentsthe proposed development strategies, programmes andprojects to steer eve opment in MoHB. e c apteralso presents the proposed project implementationtrategies and schedules.

11.1 CONSTRAINTS MAP

Te MoHB is plagued by different constraints,ome of them natural, others man-made. Some of

the constraints hamper development while otherscan be harnessed for alternative development through

esign.

La e Victoria not on y provi es opportunities orlivelihoods enhancements, but also constraints to limitdevelopment through having a delicate ecosystem thatis easily polluted and water hyacinth infestation.

Poor road network •

Poor infrastructure development•

Challenging terrain for provision of infrastructure•

and trunk services in some areas

Location of the cemetery close to Homa Bay High•

School

11.2 OPPORTUNITIES MAP

e MoHB is we en owe wit i erentopportunities that may be harnessed for thedevelopment.

Lake Victoria not only provides opportunitiesfor livelihoods enhancements, but also providesother options for water sports, fresh water supply,environmenta conservation, aquacu ture, wi i econservation, means of transport, source of food, rawmaterials for industrial development, high altitudehills (which may help in distributing piped water byravity) and existing institutions for service delivery.

Tere are also existing infrastructure facilities suchas roads and water pipes, existing industries, theavailability of land for expansion of institutions orthe expansion of the MoHB boundaries, skilled anduns i e a our, a ric inter an wit agricu turapotential and tourism potential and linkages withother regions in Kenya such as Kisii and Kisumu andfurther aeld in East Africa, for example, Mwanza in

anzania and Kampala in Uganda.

11.3 PROPOSALS MAP

Te proposals map presents the long-term physicaldevelopment plan for the MoHB. It outlines thevarious interventions aime at improving t e ivingtandards of the MoHB residents, to improve

convenience, efficiency of all land use, as well asamenity, environmental conservation and economy.

11.3.1 PROMOTE THE CBD AS A HUB OFACTIVITIES.

Te CBD is an important area in Homa Bay and itt ere ore requires specia attention. It is important tonote that goods and services offered within the CBDare both for its residents and a wider region.

Currently, the efficiency of activities in the CBDis hampered by congestion, lack of parking facilities,a deteriorating infrastructure and decaying facilities.

W at is require to increase e ciency o existingamenities and convenience within the CBD is to:

Promote a residential-commercial mix of•

activities

Open all encroached road reserves and re-design•

all roads to integrate pedestrian walkways andcycle tracks

Retain all the institutional land in the CBD,•

except the prison

Allow limited commercial functions to spill over•

into the Shauri Yako area

Expand the CBD to accommodate further•

expansion of roads and other trunk infrastructure

CHAPTER11




EXISTING CONSTRAINTS MAP

MAP 11.1: EXISTING CONSTRAINTS MAP

34a

Constraints



MAP 11.2: EXISTING OPPORTUNITIES MAP

34b


EXISTING OPPORTUNITIES MAP

Opportunities



MAP 11.3: PROPOSED LAND USE PLAN

34c

STRATEGIC URBAN DEVELOPMENTPLAN FOR HOMA BAY

PROPOSED LAND USE



MAP 12.1: HOUSING DEVELOPMENT


HOUSING DEVELOPMENT

42a



STRATEGIC URBAN DEVELOPMENTPLAN

FOR HOMA BAY

INFRASTRUCTURE MAP

MAP 12.2: INFRASTRUCTURE MAP

48a



35

Artisans in Homa Bay. © UN-HABITAT

11.3.2 LAND

Population continues to grow while land continuesto remain scarce. Te optimum utilization of theavailable land resource must be emphasized. Tefollowing proposals may help achieve this:

Develop a comprehensive municipal urban land•

policy to regulate the supply of land for urbandevelopmentMCHB should play a greater role in land•

administration matters in its area of jurisdiction.For instance, a Municipal Land Control Boardshould be established to regulate land transactionsand control the intensive and irrational subdivisionof prime agricultural land. Only locals of HomaBay will be included in this Board.

Harmonize all legislation relating to land•

with a view to make land supply processes lesscomplicated, tedious, speedy and hence less

costly

Create a zoning plan with different policy•

provisions to guide development

Te provisions of the Physical Planning Act•

(1996), in so far as the planning of private land isconcerned, should be adhered to strictly

Expansion of the municipal boundaries to avail•

land for development of institutions that will needto be increased and expanded, especially in thelight of the possible location of the Nyanza SouthProvincial Headquarters in the MoHB/Homa Bay

own

Te Plan also provides for engagement of•

stakeholders in the process of reviewing the plan,if there may arise any need to change any provisionof the plan



36


11.4 WATER AND SANITATION

Summary of water and sanitation needs and recommendations as provided by the community in a UN-Habitatsponsored workshop in Homa Bay in 2006:

PROBLEMS RECOMMENDED ACTIONS COMMUNITY CONTRIBUTION

1. Water Extension o water lines to cover unserved

areas o the town.

Digging trenches during project

implementation.

There is a major problem o water in town,especially in the soa area where one tapserves several households.

The water treatment works should berehabilitated to improved quality o watersupplied to the town.

Frequent power outages and lack o astandby generator contribute to watershortage in the town.

Water storage acilities should be installed inat Makongeni, Got Rabuor and Kapita .

Protect the new acilities against vandalism.

Lack o clean water orces us to rely on dirtylake water.

The government should regulate watervending activities.

High water demand due to the increasingpopulation in the town.

Water kiosks should be constructed atstrategic points to alleviate the waterproblem.

Lack water storage acilities to keep waterduring the shortage.

Hand pumps should be installed in the peri-urban areas.

The water service line does not cover somesections o the town.

Immediate intervention on the water sectorinvolves rehabilitation o existing system odistribution.

Illegal water connections and water vendingby municipal council o cials.

Long-term interventions involve planning orwind power technology to pump water.

The quality o water supplied in the town ispoor, contributing to water borne diseases.

2. Sanitation Plot owners should be encouraged toprovide toilets to their tenants.

Availability o land or laying o thein rastructure.

Lack o toilets is a big problem inShauriYako and other low income residentialareas.

Pit latrines collapse due to loose soils inthe town.

Donor unds should be sourced to lay newin rastructure.

Sewerage network covers only a smallsection o the town.

Invest in newer larger and increasedsewerage reticulation networks or increasedcoverage o sewage disposal services.

3. Solid waste The municipal council should enact a by-lawon waste management.

There is lack o a proper by-law on wastemanagement in the town.

A sel -tipping truck should be bought toacilitate solid waste collection.

There are no dustbins in the commercial andresidential buildings. Dustbins should be placed in designatedareas o the town.

Poor road network in the town makes itdi cult to manage solid waste.

Access roads should be improved toacilitate solid waste collection.

Lack o transport to collect solid waste leadsto accumulation and bad smell in the town.

There is need to sensitize people onenvironmental management issues.

Relocate the garbage disposal land-ll siteto a site arther away rom the CBD, butproperly accessible. The municipality shouldacquire su cient land or the land-lls and

or recycling (composting sites, etc.) The bestsite or this is on the oot-hills o AsegoHills.

People should be trained on recycling andcomposting o garbage.

4. Drainage Extend drainage coverage in the town toavoid fooding and silting o the lake

Community labour (both skilled andunskilled) can be harnessed in diggingtrenches and construction o drainage



37

UN Habitat has been a consistent partner in thearea of urban planning, especially in the area of waterprovision since the year 2005. With respect to theircommitment to serve the MoHB, alongside all thecities along the Lake Victoria, UN-HABI A hascommitted its presence to partner with the MCHBin the provision of water, and generally in terms of

sustaining livelihoods and eradication of poverty.11.5 TRANSPORTATION

Te transportation sector has to match the newlevel of development, maintaining a high level ofaccessibility and mobility achieved through the tenetsof efficiency, reliability, cost reduction, environmentalprotection, comfort and safety.

Road transport being a major sector needs to bedeveloped. Te government’s efforts to tarmac theRongo-Homa Bay Road and the Homa Bay Kendu

Bay Roads are highly laudable. Tere is, however,need to make all the major roads in the town dualcarriageways complete with median, cycle tracks andpedestrian walkways.

Tere is a need to relocate the Bus Park to Kodoyo Junction where the Homa Bay Mbita Road meets theHoma Bay Rongo Road. Already the MCHB has asite proposed for this with land available for buying atlocal market rates.

Tis site offers good accessibility, and the site hasa potential of offering a good commercial node to

service the activities at the Bus Park.Other proposals for the roads sub-sector include:

Road sizes (reserves) need to be expanded to•

accommodate more trunk services

Proper stormwater drainage practices to be•

implemented

Water transport is of utmost importance. o bringback the shipping services, there is urgent need toextend the pier deeper into the lake or dredge theshoreline to make it possible for the ships to reach thepier, for the operation of the shipping route.

11.6 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Alongside all the efforts suggested for each individualsector, protection of the environment as a main Pillarfor Sustainable Development, Vision 2030 and theMillennium Development Goals should be integratedin all sectors of development of the MoHB.

Some of the individual environmental proposals•

suggested include:

Lake Victoria shores protection/conservation•

Maintenance of the mandatory 100m of the•

riparian reserve

Offices along the lake shore to be relocated for•

modern beach hotels to be constructed

Religious institutions (buildings) need to•

implement measures to reduce noise levels in theirlocalities. Tey should be located in areas wherethey do not interefere with the interests of theother members of the public. Te MCHB mustsee that places of worship do not contribute tonoise in the town.

When talking about protection of Lake Victoria,•

there is a need to protect the rivers. Arujo streamneeds to be conserved by respecting the mandatory30m riparian reserve.

Land to be set aside for aforestation•

A longterm problem that needs to be addressed isthe worsening turbidity of the waters of Lake Victoriathat most observers link with the existence of theMbita courseway. As a long-term plan, there is a needto construct a suspended bridge that links Rusinga tothe mainland as opposed to the courseway.

11.6.1 PUBLIC PURPOSE LAND USES

Te future of Homa Bay as an institutional hub forNyanza south Province is almost certain. With respectto this, plans should be put in place to acquire land toaccommodate all the institutions in the town.

Tis calls for the location of a site to facilitatethe construction of the Provincial Headquarters,Provincial and Referral Hospitals, a university,colleges, polytechnic, secondary and primary schoolsand pre-school institutions, as well as school forthe physically handicapped and street childrenrehabilitation centres.

Te Plan outlines the location of the institutionsand the public purpose institutions. Followingrecommendations from the stakeholders consultations,and based on provisions of the Children’s Act of 2002,it does not provide for homes for street children asthat measure does not address the increase of thenumber of the children, as well as subjecting them to

other socio-economic problems such as being lockedout of their communities after living away for longperiods of time.

However, the Plan provides for the establishment ofa rade/Vocational raining Centre to the east of themunicipality. In addition to Homa Bay Polytechnic,this will help in empowering the youth of Homa Bay

with the requisite trades and skills that will help themin making their livelihoods.

Te Plan also provides for the relocation of the GKPrison to land outside of the municipality, probably

to the NYS land in Lambwe.Te plan also bears in mind the provision of

institutions of homes for the people with special needslike the aged, the disabled and street families.



38


11.6.2 INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT

Industrial development of the MoHB is a priorityfor increased investment to occur. It has been pointedthat the availability of resources such as minerals, shshould be the emphasis for progress in this sector.Tis calls for setting aside of land for the location ofan industrial area, incorporating light and ( Jua-Kali )and heavy manufacturing industries.

Te Plan provides for the best location of theindustries to be at the site adjacent the Homa-Bay-Kendu Road, close to the road, and certainly awayfrom high-density residential areas and not so closeto the lake, which allows for proper treatment of the

waste before discharge of the liquid waste into thelake.

Tere is need for a comprehensive site plan toprovide for all the individual needs of the variousindustrial categories.

11.6.3 HOUSING DEVELOPMENT

Housing development will be done in all the areasof the MoHB. Because of different needs for varioussocial classes based on economic capabilities, this planhighlights the development of the housing sector totake a three-pronged approach.

Settlement planning per income groups will bedivided into:

Low-income residential areas settlement upgrading•

programme on the low-income residential areasof the MoHB including Shauri Yako, Soa andMakongeni

Middle-income residential areas•

High-income residential areas•

Te slum upgrading and resettlement programme will especially concentrate on

Service provision to the informal settlements such•

as water and sanitation, electricity, storm-waterdrainage, wastewater disposal and solid waste

disposalLand tenure regimes that allows for exibility in•

ownership and urban planning

Plans for the individual settlements based on the•

individual site conditions and characteristics ofthe individual estates

Distinctly cited building standards for the•

minimum allowable land, construction materials,plot coverage and plot ratio

Increased service provision like water distribution•

and sewerage reticulation through costminimization measures

Enforcement of planning standards in areas under•

freehold tenure like Kotieno B, Kanyabala

Te Plan also recognizes the difficulties faced•

by the Ministry of Housing in the provision. Ittherefore provides for the Ministry to collaborate

with other stakeholders, under partnership withthe MCHB to construct a new housing pool.Tis will include all technical departments in theMinistry of Housing, inter alia.

Housing supply will not only include construction•

of new housing, but it also integrates inclusion ofmaintenance and renovation of available goodhousing stock to meet housing requirements.Tis is viewed as a sustainability measure for thelong term in housing provision.

Tis Plan also welcomes the contribution of other•

stakeholders’ plans for development of Homa Bay. As a guiding measure, this plan will equip anyadvisory, sector or subject plan with the necessaryguidelines for development.

Acquire more land for housing schemes such as•

site and services to cater for low-income earners

Te MCHB to set aside funds purchase of more•

land for housing development by the council.Tis will not only increase the housing stock inthe MoHB, but will also enhance the revenue ofthe Council. Te funds to be used include LA Fand CDF, and other sources.

Utilization of new inventions on building•

materials for construction of affordable, adequatelow-income housing

11.6.4 RECREATION

Recreation forms a very important aspect of landuse. Land uses categorized as recreational vary fromsports, theme parks, children’s parks, social halls, openspaces, hotels and restaurants. Tey may be public,semi-public or private, depending on the developers.

Te Homa Bay Municipal Stadium will be upgradedto a modern sporting and recreational facility, andas a long-term measure, to include a 30,000-seaterfootball eld, and indoor and outdoor courts forvarious games. A stadium is itself a source of incomefor the municipality and, though its construction mayinitially cost much, its returns (social and economic)

will be far more.

Te development of water sports will also be ofgreater importance to the municipality as it will bringan element of sports tourism, incorporating sportstourism like sport shing and boat racing.

Currently, there are two recreational parks:a children’s park close to the ourist Hotel andanother recreational open space close to the DistrictCommissioner’s (DC’s) residence. It is not in usebecause of its proximity to the DC’s residence putsthe residence in possible danger of insecurity.



39

Family outside their Brick house © UN-HABITAT

Tere is a need to develop these facilities as theyare, and measures put to ensure their protection andconservation, as well as to address the challenges ofinsecurity. Tere is need for another Children’s Parkin Homa Bay supplied with modern equipment forthe children.

Tere is a site already earmarked for the constructionof a library. Te library will be constructed for thelong-term needs of the people to cater for needs ofa population of 200,000, tted and supplied withsufficient print and electronic educational material.



1 2 . 1 . 1 P H Y S I C A L A N D E N V I R O N M E N T A L C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S

O B J E C T I V E S

S T R A T E G I E S

P R O G R A M M E S

A C T O R S

I N P U T S

E X P E C T E D O U T C O M E S

P o l l u t i o n

T o c o n s e r v e t h e

l a k e e c o -

•

s y s t e m

I m p r o v i n g w a s t e w a t e r

•

m a n a g e m e n t

U p g r a d i n g s e w e r a g e r e t i c u l a t i o n

•

s y s t e m i n M o H B

M C H B

•

F i n a n c e

•

E n v i r o n m e n t a l C o n s e r v a t i o n

•

T o c o n t r o l a l l a s p e c t s o a i r

•

a n d l a n d p o l l u t i o

I m p r o v i n g s o l i d w a s t e

•

m a n a g e m e n t

A b o l i s h i n g w a s h i n g a n d

b a t h i n g i n

•

t h e b e a c h e s

N E M A

•

L a n d

•

C l e a n w a t e r

•

P r o v i s i o n o p i p e d w a t e r t o

•

r e s i d e n t s o M o H B .

R e l o c a t i n g a l l g a r a g e s a n d c a r

•

w a s h e s r o m t h e

b e a c h e s

V a r i o u s G o v e r n m e n t

•

M i n i s t r i e s

P r o e s s i o n a l E x p e r t i s e

•

I n c r e a s e d s h o u t p u t s

•

P r o p e r p l a n n i n g

o r h o u s i n g

•

E n o r c i n g a s t r i c t r i p a r i a n r e s e r v e

•

U N E P

•

L e g i s l a t i v e r a m e w o r k

•

I n c r e a s e d t o u r i s m a c t i v i t i e

•

R e l o c a t i o n o l o w i n c o m e s e t t l e m e n t s

• r o m t h e

b e a c h - r o n t .

L B D A

•

L o c a l A u t h o r i t y

b y - l a w

•

I m p r o v e d p u b l i c

h e a l t h

•

R e l o c a t i o n o i n d u s t r i e s a w a y

r o m

•

t h e b e a c h e s

L o c a l C B O s

•

I m p r o v e d s e r v i c e p r o v i s i o n

•

L o c a l c o m m u n i t i e

•

G r e a t e r w e a l t h c r e a t i o

•

N G O s

•

I m p r o v e d

l i v i n g s t a n d a r d s

•

P r i v a t e c o n t r a c t o r s

•

U n d e r - d e v e l o p m e n t o f

t o u r i s m

s e c t o r

T o d e v e l o p t o u r i s m

•

p o t e n t i a l o M o H B

O p e n t o u r i s t a t t r a c t i o n a r e a s

•

D e v e l o p S p o r t F i s h i n g

•

M C H B ,

•

F i n a n c e

•

I n c r e a s e d j o b o p p o r t u n i t i e s

•

D e v e l o p e c o - t o u r i s

•

E d u c a t e p e o p l e o n E c o -

•

t o u r i s m

D e v e l o p W

a t e r S p o r t s

•

L o c a l c o m m u n i t y ,

•

L a n d

•

I m p r o v e d I n c o m e

l e v e l s

•

O p e n i n g L a k e V i c t o r i a a s a

• k e y t o u r i s t

d e s t i n a t i o n

M a r k e t i n g M o H B a s a n i m p o r t a n t

• d e s t i n a t i o n i n t h e W e s t e r n K e n y a

T o u r i s m C i r c u i t

K W S

•

C o n s t r u c t i o n o T o u r i s t C

l a s s h o t e l s

•

I m p r o v e m e n t o r o a d s

l i n k i n g M o B

•

t o o t h e r t o u r i s t

d e s t i n a t i o n

C o n s t r u c t i o n o c u l t u r a l s i t e s

o r

•

t o u r i s t a t t r a c t i o n

T H E A C T I O N P L A N S

CHAPTER 12

1 2 . 1 A C T I O N P L A N S



41

P R O B L E M

O B J E C T I V E S

S T R A T E G I E S

P R O G R A M M E S

A C T O R S

I N P U T S

E X P E C T E D O U T C O M E S

U n f a v o u r a b l e L a n d T e n u r e

a n d D i s p o s i t i o n

T o p r o v i d e

l a n d t o M o H B

• o r p l a n n i n g o c a p i t a l

i n r a s t r u c t u r e

T o i n i t i a t e

r i e n d l y l a n d

•

t e n u r e t o a v a i l l a n d t o

M o H B

o r p l a n n i n g .

R e l o c a t i o n o t h e H o m a B a y G K

•

P r i s o n

M C H B

•

A l a n d u s e p l a n

•

I n t r o d u c i n g

l e a s e h o l d t e n u r e t o a l l

• l a n d i n M o H B

M i n i s t r y o L a n d s

•

F i n a n c e

•

E n o r c e m e n t o a

l a n d - u s e p l a n i n

•

M o H B a s a t o o l o d e v e l o p m e n t

c o n t r o l

L o c a l C o m m u n i t i e s

•

A l t e r n a t i v e l a n d o u t s i d e

•

M o H B

L o c a l C B O s

•

P r o e s s i o n a l s e r v i c e

•

L o c a l N G O s

•

P r e s e n c e o f w

a t e r h y a c i n t h

T o e r a d i c a t e t h e w a t e r

• h y a c i n t h i n L a k e V i c t o r i a

T o s t e p u p r e s e a r c h o n w a y s

•

o e r a d i c a t i n g t h e w e e d

O p e n i n g a r e s e a r c h

a c i l i t y o r

•

s t u d y i n g w a y s o e r a d i c a t i o n o t h e

w a t e r

h y a c i n t h .

V a r i o u s U N a g e n c i e s

•

F i n a n c e

•

E r a d i c a t i o n o t h e w e e d

•

T o s e n s i t i z e t h e C o m m u n i t y

•

o n a l t e r n a t i v e e c o n o m i c u s e .

T o i n c r e a s e i n n o v a t i o n o n

•

e c o n o m i c u s e s o t h e w e e d

O r g a n i z i n g a r e w a r d s c h e m e

o r

•

i n d i v i d u a l a n d o r g a n i z a t i o n s u s i n g

t h e w e e d

o r e c o n o m i c g a i n

M C H B

•

L a n d

•

E n v i r o n m e n t a l C o n s e r v a t i o n

•

M i n i s t r y o W a t e r

•


•

I m p r o v e d L . V i c t o r i a ’ s

•

m a r i t i m e s p a c e t r a v e l s


•

I n c r e a s e d s h i n g a c t i v i t i e s

•


b y - l a w s

•

I n c r e a s e d w e a l t h c r e a t i o n

•

I m p r o v e d s t a n d a r d s o l i v i n g

•

A v a i l a b

i l i y o f h i l l s i n t h e

M u n i c i p a l i t y

T o u t i l i z e t h e

h i l l s o r

•

a l t e r n a t i v e e c o n o m i c

i n i t i a t i v e s

T o m a x i m i z e p o t e n t i a l o

•

A s e g o H i l l , a n d o t h e r s

n e a r b y s u c h a s H o m a H i l l s ,

R a b u o r H i l l s , R u m a H i l l s ,

G e m

b e H i l l s , e t c

o r t o u r i s t

a t t r a c t i o n

B u i l d i n g o C a m p i n g a n d p i c n i c s i t e s

• o r t o u r i s t a t t r a c t i o n

M C H B

•

F i n a n c e

•

I n c r e a s e d t o u r i s m a c t i v i t i e s

•

D e s i g n i n g

p a t h s a n d n a t u r e t r a i l s

o r

• h i k e s a n d o u r s

M i n i s t r y o t o u r i s m

•

P r o e s s i o n a l s e r v i c e s ( D e s i g n

•

a n d M a n a g e m e n t )

I n c r e a s e d i n c o m e s

•

C o n s t r u c t i o n o o b s e r v a t o r i e s

o r t h e

• l a k e o n t h e

h i l l s ,

L o c a l c o m m u n i t i e s

•

L a n d

•

I m p r o v e d


•

W a t e r

d i s t r i b u t i o n

b y g r a v i t y o n

•

A s e g o H i

l l

P r i v a t e D e v e l o p e r s

•

C o m m u n i t y s u p p o r t

•

E n v i r o n m e n t a l c o n s e r v a t i o n

•

L i m i t i n g t

h e h i l l s o r c o m m e r c i a l

• d e v e l o p m e n t

I m p r o v e d a e s t h e t i c s o t h e

•

e n v i r o n m e n t a l







44


1 2 . 1 . 3 E C O

N O M I C A C T I V I T I E S

S E C T O R

M A I N P R O B L E M S

O B J E C T I V E S

S T R A T E G I E S

P R O G R A M

M E S

A C T O R S

I N P U T S

E X P E C T E D O U T P U T S

F i s h i n g

L i m i t e d a c c e s s t o

• n a n c i a l c a p i t a l

T o a v a i l o p p o r t u n i t i e s

o r

•

a c c e s s t o c a p i t a l

T o a t t r a c t

n a n c i a l

•

i n s t i t u t i o n s i n t o M o H B

T o e n c o u r a g e r u r a l b a n k i n g

•

M i n i s t r y o S p o r t s a n d

•

Y o u t h A

a i r s

Y o u t h D e v e l o p m e n t F u n d s

•

I n c r e a s e d e c o n o m i c a c t i v i t i e s

•

T o i n i t i a t e m o r e

•

g o v e r n m e n t

u n d i n g o

c o m m u n i t y p r o j e c t s

T o a d v o c a t e

o r m o r e c o -

•

o p e r a t i v e s o c i e t i e s

M i n i s t r y o T o u r i s m a n d

•

G e n d e r A c t i v i t i e s

W o m e n D e v e l o p m e n t F u n d

•

I m p r o v e d


•

T o a v a i

l t h e y o u t h

u n d s t o

•

m o r e y o u t h g r o u p s

M o H B

•

O t h e r

d o n o r u n d s

•

I n c r e a s e d i n c o m e - g e n e r a t i n g

•

a c t i v i t i e s

T o a v a i l w o m e n ’ s

u n d s t o

•

m o r e w o m e n g r o u p s .

M i n i s t r y o L i v e s t o c k a n d

•

F i s h e r i e s


•

I m p r o v e d

s h i n g

•

T o c r e a t e m o r e

s h i n g c o -

•

o p e r a t i v e s

F i n a n c e I n s t i t u t i o n s

•


•

W a t e r

h y a c i n t h

•

T o e r a d i c a t e t h e w a t e r

• h y a c i n t h i n L a k e V i c t o r i a

T o s t e p u p r e s e a r c h o n

•

w a y s o e r a d i c a t i n g t h e

w e e d

O p e n i n g

a r e s e a r c h

a c i l i t y

• o r s t u d y i n g w a y s o

e r a d i c a t i o n o t h e w a t e r

h y a c i n t h .

V a r i o u s U N a g e n c i e s

•

F i n a n c e

•

E r a d i c a t i o n o t h e w e e d

•

T o i n c r e a s e i n n o v a t i o n

•

o n e c o n o m i c u s e s o t h e

w e e d

O r g a n i z i n g a r e w a r d

•

s c h e m e o r i n d i v i d u a l a n d

o r g a n i z a t i o n s u s i n g t h e

w e e d o r e c o n o m i c g a i n

M C H B

•

L a n d

•


•

M i n i s t r y o W a t e r

•


•

I m p r o v e d L a k e V i c t o r i a ’ s m a r i t i m e

•

p o t e n t i a l

M i n i s t r y o E n v i r o n m e n t

•


•

I n c r e a s e d

s h i n g a c t i v i t i e s

•

M i n i s t r y o L i v e s t o c k a n d

•

F i s h e r i e s


b y - l a w s

•

I n c r e a s e d w e a l t h c r e a t i o n

•

I m p r o v e d s t a n d a r d s o

l i v i n g

•

P o o r

•


L a c k o s u c i e n t

u n d s

• o r d e v e l o p m e n t o


T o i m p r o v e t h e s t a t e

•

a n d a r e a o c o v e r a g e

o v a r i o u s i n r a s t r u c t u r e

a c i l i t i e s

I m p r o v i n g s o l i d w a s t e

•

m a n a g e m e n t

M C H B

•

F i n a n c e

•

A o r d a b l e h o u s i n g

•

I m p r o v e

w a s t e w a t e r

•

m a n a g e m e n t


•

L a n d

•

C h e a p e r c o n s t r u c t i o n c o s t s

•

I n c r e a s e d p i p e d w a t e r

•

c o n n e c t i o n

M i n i s t r y o H o u s i n g

•


•

I m p r o v e d c o s t s o l i v i n g

•

B u i l d i n g

m o r e a c c e s s r o a d s

•


•


•

I m p r o v e d e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n

•

P a v i n g a l l r o a d s i n t o

h a r d

•

s u r a c e a l l w e a t h e r r o a d s .

M i n i s t r y o w a t e r

•


b y - l a w s

•

I m p r o v e d

h e a l t h s t a n d a r d s

•

D i v e r s i y i n g t h e c o n n e c t i o n

•

o s e w e r s

M i n i s t r y o E n v i r o n m e n t

•

E m p l o y m e n t o p p o r t u n i t i e s c r e a t i o n

•

I n i t i a t i n g s o l i d - w a s t e

•

m a n a g e m e n t

r a m e w o r k

N E M A

•

E n g a g i n g p r i v a t e c o n t r a c t o r s

•

i n s o l i d - w a s t e c o l l e c t i o n

P r i v a t e C o n t r a c t o r s

•



45

S E C T O R


O B J E C T I V E S

S T R A T E G I E S

P R O

G R A M M E S

A C T O R S

I N P U T S


A g r i c u l t u r e

U n s u i t a b i l i t y o s o i l o r

•

a g r i c u l t u r a l p r o d u c t i o n

T o e n h a n c e t h e

•

c o n d i t i o n o s o i l

I m p r o v i n g t h e

e r t i l i t y o s o i l

•

A p p l i c a t i o n o e r t i l i z e r a n d

• m

a n u r e i n t h e

a r m s

M i n i s t r y o a g r i c u

l t u r e a n d

•

L i v e s t o c k D e v e l o p m e n t

F i n a n c e

•

I n c r e a s e d a g r i c u l t u r a l o u t p u t

•

P r o t e c t i o n o s o i l r o m t h e

•

a g e n t s o e r o s i o n

P r o m o t i o n o c o v e r

• c

r o p p i n g a n d o t h e r p r u d e n t

a g r i c u l t u r a l p r a c t i c e s

T h e l o c a l c o m m u n i t y

•

L a n d

•

L o n g e r

l i e s p a n o s o i l

• p

r o d u c t i v i t y

R e v i e w i n g t h e c u r r e n t

l a n d u s e

•

p l a n o t h e a r e a

T h e M u n i c i p a l C o u n c i l o H o m a

•

B a y

R e l e v a n t e x p e r t i s e

•

I n c r e a s e d i n c o m e

o r a r m e r s

•

U n s k i l l e d m a n p o w e r

•

A c u t e

l a n d s u b d i v i s i o n

•

T o e n c o u r a g e i n t e n s i v e

•

a g r i c u l t u r a l m e t

h o d s

T o p r o m o t e a w a r e n e s s o n t h e

•

i n t e n s i v e s u s t a i n a b l e u s a g e

o l a n d

H o l d i n g o w o r k s h o p s a n d

• s

e m i n a r s


•

L a n d

•

I n c r e a s e d a g r i c u l t u r a l

• p

r o d u c t i o n

T o r e g u l a t e t h e s a l e o

• l a n d a n d t h e e x i s t i n g

t e n u r e s y s t e m

P r o v i s i o n o a g r i c u l t u r a l i n p u t s

•

I n t e n s i y i n g e x t e n s i o n

• s

e r v i c e s

M i n i s t r y o c o o p e r a t i v e

•

F i n a n c e

•

I n c r e a s e d i n c o m e s t o t h e

• a

r m e r s

P r o v i s i o n o c a p i t a l

•


•

B a y


•

I m

p r o v e d l i v i n g s t a n d a r d s

•

E n o r c e e x i s t i n g

l a w s a n d

• b y - l a w s

V i s i o n 2 0 3 0

•


•

F o r m u l a t e r e l e v a n t g u i d e l i n e s

•

o n l a n d s a l e a n d t e n u r e s y s t e m

L a k e B a s i n D e v e l o p m e n t

•

A u t h o r i t y

T h e M i n i s t r y o R e g i o n a l

•

D e v e l o p m e n t

U n s u i t a b i l i t y o s o i l o r

•

a g r i c u l t u r a l p r o d u c t i o n


•

c o n d i t i o n o s o i l

I m p r o v i n g t h e

e r t i l i t y o s o i l

•

A p p l i c a t i o n o m a n u r e a n d

•

e r t i l i z e r o n t h e

a r m s

M i n i s t r y o a g r i c u

l t u r e a n d

• l i v e s t o c k d e v e l o p m e n t

L a n d

•

I n c r e a s e d a g r i c u l t u r a l

• p

r o d u c t i o n

P r o t e c t i o n o s o i l r o m a g e n t s

•

o e r o s i o n

E n c o u r a g i n g t h e u s e o

• p

r u d e n t a g r i c u l t u r a l p r a c t i c e s

e . g .

c o v e r c r o p p i n g


•

F i n a n c e

•

I n c r e a s e d i n c o m e s t o t h e

• a

r m e r s

R e v i e w i n g t h e c u r r e n t

l a n d u s e

•

p l a n o t h e a r e a


•

B a y


•

I m

p r o v e d l i v i n g s t a n d a r d s

•


•



46


S E C T O R


O B J E C T I V E S

S T R A T E G I E S

P R O

G R A M M E S

A C T O R S

I N P U T S


T r a d e

I n a d e q u a t e s p a c e

• o r c o m m e r c i a l

e n t e r p r i s e s

T o c r e a t e m o r e

•

s p a c e o r c o m m e r c i a l

a c t i v i t i e s

R e v i e w i n g t h e e x i s t i n g

l a n d

•

u s e p l a n

R e l o c a t i o n o u n s u i t a b l e

• l

a n d u s e s w i t h i n t h e C B D

e s p e c i a l l y t h e p r i s o n t o

r e l e a s e m o r e s p a c e

T h e M i n i s t r y o L a n d s

•

L a n d

•

I n c r e a s e d

b u s i n e s s a c t i v i t y

C h a n g e o d e n s i t i e s o

•

c o m m e r c i a l z o n e s

C h a n g e r o m l o w

- r i s e t o

• h

i g h - r i s e t o c r e a t e m o r e

s p a c e


•

A u t h o r i t y

F i n a n c e

L i m i t e d

l a n d u s e c o n f i c t

C h a n g e o p o l i c i e s a n d

• l e g i s l a t i o n g u i d i n g t h e

o p e r a t i o n o c o m m e r c i a l

a c t i v i t i e s

B u y i n g o m o r e

l a n d o r t h e

• m

u n i c i p a l c o u n c i l

V i s i o n 2 0 3 0

•


P r o v i s i o n o t e m p o r a r y

• o

c c u p a t i o n l i c e n s e o n

b o t h

g o v e r n m e n t a n d p r i v a t e

u n u s e d

l a n d


•

S e r v i c i n g o a e c t e d

• i

n r a s t r u c t u r e

M i n i s t r y o L o c a l g o v e r n m e n t

•

T h e L o c a l c o m m u n i t y

•


•

B a y

P o o r i n r a s t r u c t u r e

•


•

c o n d i t i o n s o e x i s t i n g


I n v e s t m e n t i n i n r a s t r u c t u r e

•

r e h a b i l i t a t i o n

U p g r a d i n g o d e s e r v i n g

• i

n r a s t r u c t u r e

M i n i s t r y o p u b l i c

w o r k s

•

L a n d

•

I n c r e a s e d


•

P a r t n e r i n g w i t h i n t e r e s t e d

•

i n v e s t o r s / r m s

E x t e n s i o n o i n r a s t r u c t u r e

• n

e t w o r k s w

h e r e n e c e s s a r y


•

F i n a n c e

•


•

M o b i l i z i n g v o l u n t e e r i n s t i t u t i o n s

•


•


•

M u n i c i p a l C o u n c i l o H o m a B a y

•

M i n i s t r y o R e g i o n a l

•



•

A u t h o r i t y

E x p l o i t a t i o n b y

•

m i d d l e m e n

T o r e g u l a t e t h e

•

o p e r a t i o n s o

m i d d l e m e n i n t h e

d i s t r i b u t i o n c h a i n

T o e m p o w e r p r i m a r y p r o d u c e r s

•

i n t h e c h a i n o d i s t r i b u t i o n o

g o o d s a n d s e r v i c e s

P r o v i s i o n o c a p i t a l t o t h e

• p

r i m a r y p r o d u c e r s

M i n i s t r y o c o o p e r a t i v e

•


L a n d

•

I n c r e a s e d


•

T o e n o r c e t r a d e p o l i c i e s a n d

•

r e g u l a t i o n s

E n c o u r a g e t h e

o r m a t i o n o

• c

o o p e r a t i v e u n i o n s


•

A u t h o r i t y

F i n a n c e

•

I n c r e a s e d i n c o m e t o t r a d e r s

•

P r o v i d e i n r a s t r u c t u r e u s e d i n

• t h e p r o d u c t i o n p r o c e s s e . g .

s t o r a g e p l a n t s

o r a r m e r s

a n d

s h e r m e n

M i n i s t r y o R e g i o n a l

•



•

M u n i c i p a l C o u n c i l o H o m a B a y

•


•


•







49


O B J E C T I V E S

S T R A

T E G I E S

P R O G R A M M E S

A C T O R S

I N P U T S


I n a c c e s s i b l e

u n d e r d e v e l o p e d a i r s t r i p

T o i m p r o v e t h e

•

s t a t e o t h e r o a d s

c o n n e c t i n g t h e

a i r s t r i p

S e r v i c i n g o t h e e x i s t i n g r o a d

•

n e t w o r k

C o n s t r u c t i o n o R o n g o H o m a B a y R o a d

•

M C H B

•

F i n a n c e

•


•

T o u p g r a d e K a b u n d e

•

a i r s t r i p

U p g r a d i n g o t h e r o a d s

•

C o n s t r u c t i o n o a m o d e r n r u n w a y a t

•

t h e a i r s t r i p

M i n i s t r y o T r a n s p o r t

•

L a n d

•

I n c r e a s e d c o m m e r c i a l a c t i v i t i e s

•

O p e n i n g o e n c r o a c h e d r o a d

•

r e s e r v e s

C o n s t r u c t i o n o m o d e r n a i r t r a c

•

c o n t r o l a c i l i t i e s


•


•

I n c r e a s e d j o b o p p o r t u n i t i e s

•

C o n s t r u c t i o n o m o d e r n

h o t e l s w i t h i n

•

a n d a r o u n d t h e a i r s t r i p

K e n y a C i v i l a v i a t i o n A u t

h o r i t y

•

I m p r o v e d l i v i n g s t a n d a r d s

•

E v i c t i o n o t h o s e w

h o h a v e e n c r o a c h e d

•

o n t h e a i r s t r i p a c c e s s r o a d

K e n y a A i r p o r t s A u t h o r i t y

•

E c i e n t t r a n s p o r t a t i o n o s h a n d

s h

•

p r o d u c t s

C o n s t r u c t i o n o A r u j o

b r i d g e

•

M i n i s t r y o R o a d s a n d P u b l i c

•

W o r k s

K e n y a U r b a n R o a d s B o a r d

•

E n c r o a c h m e n t o f r o a d

r e s e r v e s

T o o p e n u p

•

e n c r o a c h e d r o a d

r e s e r v e s

E v i c t i o n o i n d i v i d u a l s a n d

•

i n s t i t u t i o n s o n e n c r o a c h e d

r o a d r e s e r v e s

A c q u i s i t i o n o a l l g r a b b e d r o a d r e s e r v e s

•

M C H B

•

F i n a n c e

•

I n c r e a s e d s p a c e

o r e x p a n s i o n o r o a d s

•

E n o r c e m e n t o b y - l a w s

•

p r o t e c t i n g t h e r o a d r e s e r v e s

M a r k i n g o a l l r o a

d r e s e r v e s

•


•

L a n d

•

E c i e n t t r a

c f o w

•


•


•

R e d u c e d a c c i d e n t s

•

M i n i s t r y o R o a d s a n d P u b l i c

•

W o r k s

R e d u c e d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n a n d o t h e r

l a n d -

•

u s e c o n f i c t s

K e n y a U r b a n R o a d s B o a r d

•

E n h a n c e d t r a d e a n d o t h e r e c o n o m i c

•

a c t i v i t i e s

P r e s e n c e o f c a r t e l s i n

t h e t r a n s p o r t s e c t o r t h a t

e x t o r t m o t o r i s t s a n d

p a s s e n g e r s

T o e r a d i c a t e c a r t e l s

•

c o n t r o l l i n g t r a n s p o r t

T o c r e a t e a l t e r n a t i v e

•

e m

p l o y m e n t o p p o r t u n i t i e s

P r o m u l g a t i o n o M C H B

b y - l a w s

•

o u t l a w i n g e x i s t e n c e o o r g a n i z e d

g r o u p s i n t h e t r a n s p o r t s e c t o r

M C H B

•

F i n a n c e

•

I m p r o v e d e

c i e n c y i n t h e t r a n s p o r t

•

s e c t o r

T o

b r e a k t h e c a r t e l s

•

T r a i n i n g o C o u n c i

l P o l i c e o n w a y s o

• b r e a k i n g o r g a n i z e

d c a r t e l s


•


•

I m p r o v e d s e c u r i t y o p u b l i c v e h i c l e

•

o p e r a t o r s a n d p a s s e n g e r s

A l t e r n a t i v e e m p l o y m e n t

o r y o u t h s

•

r u n n i n g t h e c a r t e l s


•

B a n n i n g a n y o u t l a w e d g r o u p s

r o m

•

o p e r a t i n g i n t h e b u s s t a t i o n a n d o t h e r

t e r m i n i

T h e K e n y a P o l i c e

•

E n o r c e m e n t o m i n i s t r y o t r a n s p o r t

•

p o l i c i e s .

T h e d i s t r i c t s o c i a l

• d e v e l o p m e n t o c e r



50


1 2 . 1 . 5 S O C I A L S E R V I C E S A N D C O M M U N I T Y F A C I L I T I E S

S E C T O R


O B J E C T I V E S

S T R A T E G I E S

P R O G R A M M E S

A C T O R S

I N P U T S


E d u c a t i o n

I n a d e q u a t e l e a r n i n g

• a c i l i t i e s

T o i n c r e a s e c a p a c i t y

•

i n p r i m a r y s c

h o o l s

C o n s t r u c t i o n o m o r e

•

c l a s s r o o m s

C o n s t r u c t i o n o m o d e r n c l a s s r o o m s

•

i n a l l p r i m a r y s c h o o l s

M C H B

•

F i n a n c e

•

I n c r e a s e d c l a s s r o o m s t o

•

a c c o m

m o d a t e m o r e p u p i l s

R e p a i r i n g e x i s t i n g c l a s s r o o m

b l o c k s

•

M i n i s t r y o e

d u c a t i o n

•

L a n d

•

B e t t e r c l a s s r o o m s t o p r o v i d e g o o d

• l e a r n i n g e n v i r o n m e n t

P l a s t e r i n g c l a s s r o o m s w i t h e a r t h e n

•

f o o r s


•

P r o e s s i o n a l

•

E x p e r t i s e

G o o d

l e a r n i n g e n v i r o n m e n t w i l l

•

e n s u r e i m p r o v e d p e r o r m a n c e

P r i v a t e s c h o o

l d e v e l o p e r s

•


•

o s e c o n d a r y

s c h o o l s

I n v e s t i n g i n m o r e

•

s e c o n d a r y s c h o o l s

b y t h e

g o v e r n m e n t

C o n s t r u c t i o n o n e w s e c o n d a r y

•

s c h o o l s

M C H B

•

F i n a n c e

•

M o r e s e c o n d a r y s c h o o l s w i l l

•

r e d u c e w a l k i n g

d i s t a n c e s o r

s e c o n d a r y s c h o o l s t u d e n t s

C o n s t r u c t i o n o m o r e

•

c l a s s r o o m s i n e x i s t i n g


C o n s t r u c t i o n o m o d e r n c l a s s r o o m s

•

i n a l l s e c o n d a r y s c h o o l s

M i n i s t r y o e

d u c a t i o n

•

L a n d

•

I n c r e a s e d c l a s s r o o m s t o

•

a c c o m

m o d a t e m o r e p u p i l s

I n v o l v i n g p r i v a t e

• d e v e l o p e r s i n i n v e s t i n g i n


R e p a i r i n g e x i s t i n g c l a s s r o o m

b l o c k s

•


•


•

E x p e r t i s e



P r o v i d i n g i n c e n t i v e s

o r p r i v a t e

•

e d u c a t i o n a l i n v e s t o r s



•

G o o d

l e a r n i n g e n v i r o n m e n t w i l l

•

e n s u r e i m p r o v e d p e r o r m a n c e


•

o T e r t i a r y I n s t i t u t i o n s

I n v e s t i n g i n m o r e t e r t i a r y

•

i n s t i t u t i o n s

I n c r e a s i n g t h e n u m

b e r o h o s t e l s

•

a n d

d o r m i t o r i e s i n t h e M e d i c a l

T r a i n i n g C o l l e g e

M C H B

•

F i n a n c e

•

M o r e s e c o n d a r y s c h o o l s w i l l

•

r e d u c e w a l k i n g

d i s t a n c e s o r

s e c o n d a r y s c h o o l s t u d e n t s

C o n s t r u c t i o n o m o d e r n c l a s s r o o m

• a c i l i t i e s

M i n i s t r y o e

d u c a t i o n

•

L a n d

•

I n c r e a s e d

h o s t e l s t o a c c o m m o d a t e

•

m o r e

b o a r d i n g c o l l e g e s t u d e n t s

P r o v i s i o n o m o r e w o r k s h o p s i n

•

H o m a B a y p o l y t e c h n i c


•


•

E x p e r t i s e



P r o v i d i n g i n c e n t i v e s

o r p r i v a t e

•

e d u c a t i o n a l i n v e s t o r s



•

I n c r e a s e d w o r k s h o p s w i l l i n c r e a s e

•

c a p a c i t y

o r m o r e t r a i n e e s

M i n i s t r y o H e a l t h

•

M i n i s t r y o h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n

•

M i n i s t r y o s p o r t s a n d y o u t h

•

a a i r s



51

S E C T O R


O B J E C T I V E S

S T R A T E G I E S

P R O G R A M M E S

A C T O R S

I N P U T S


H e a l t h

S h o r t a g e o e n o u g h

•

w a r d s a t t h e D i s t r i c t

H o s p i t a l .


•

o t h e m e d i c a l

i n s t i t u t i o n s i n M o H B

t o c a r t e r

o r m o r e

p a t i e n t s

I n v e s t i n g i n m o r e t e r t i a r y

•

i n s t i t u t i o n s

U p g r a d e t h e D i s t r i c t t o a m a j o r

•

R e g i o n a l R e e r r a l H o s p i t a l

M C H B

•

F i n a n c e

•

I n c r e a s e d m e d i c a l a c i l i t i e s ’

•

c a p a c i t y w i l l i n c r e a s e t h e v a l u e o

h e a l t h c a r e

S h o r t a g e o h o u s i n g

•

u n i t s t o a c c o m m o d a t e

t h e h o s p i t a l s t a .

C o n s t r u c t i o n o w a r d s w i t h i n t h e

• h o s p i t a l .


•

L a n d

•

I n c r e a s e d

h o u s i n g o r m e d i c a l

•

i n s t i t u t i o n s s t a w i l l i n c r e a s e

a c i l i t i e s

C o n s t r u c t i o n o a n o t h e r

•

g o v e r n m e n t

d i s p e n s a r y i n t h e t o w n .



•


•

E x p e r t i s e

P r i v a t e s e c t o r i n v o l v e m e n t i n

• h e a l t h c a r e p r o v i s i o n w i l l i n c r e a s e

h e a l t h c a r e p r o v i s i o n

U p g r a d i n g t h e c u r r e n t g o v e r n m e n t

• h o u s i n g u n i t s

o r h e a l t h w o r k e r s .

M i n i s t r y o H e a l t h

•

T h e

p r i v a t e s e c t o r c o u l d

d e v e l o p

•

m o r e

h o u s i n g u n i t s

o r t h e

h e a l t h

s t a .

M i n i s t r y o r o a d s a n d p u b l i c

•

w o r k s

R e c r e a t i o n a l

F a c i l i t i e s

L a c k o r s h o r t a g e o

•

r e c r e a t i o n a l a c i l i t i e s

i n t o w n t o t a p t h e

i n c r e a s i n g p o p u l a t i o n

o m e r r y m a k e r s

a n d t o u r i s t s p a s s i n g

t h r o u g h t h e t o w n

t o R u m a N a t i o n a l

R e s e r v e , R u s i n g a I s l a n d

a n d S i m

b i N y a i m a .


•

a n d s c o p e o

r e c r e a t i o n a l a c i l i t i e s

E x p l o i t a t i o n o t h e

•

a v a i l a b l e s p a c e

o r

d e v e l o p m e n t o

r e c r e a t i o n a l a c i l i t i e s o r

b o t h a d u l t m e r r y m a k e r s

a n d a m i l y

u n d a y s /

p i c n i c s .

D e v e l o p s p o r t

s h i n g

•

M C H B

•

F i n a n c e

•


•

L a c k o a m i l y o n l y

•

r e c r e a t i o n a l a c i l i t i e s .

R e m o v a l o h y a c i n t h w i l l

•

o p e n m o r e o p p o r t u n i t i e s

o r t o u r i s t a t t r a c t i o n

h e n c e

c o n s t r u c t i o n o m o r e

r e c r e a t i o n a l a c i l i t i e s .

D e v e l o p w a t e r s p o r t s

•


•

L a n d

•


•

N o n - u t i l i z a t i o n o

•

t h e b e a c h e s a s a

r e c r e a t i o n a l p l a c e .

C o n s t r u c t i o n o t o u r i s t c l a s s

h o t e l s

•

M i n i s t r y o T o u r i s m a n d

•

g e n d e r a a i r s


•

E x p e r t i s e

I m p r o v e d


•

I m p r o v e m e n t o r o a d s

l i n k i n g

•

M o H B t o o t h e r t o u r i s t

d e s t i n a t i o n s

M i n i s t r y o N a t i o n a l

•

H e r i t a g e a n d C u l t u r e


•

C o n s t r u c t i o n o c u l t u r a l s i t e s

o r

•

t o u r i s t a t t r a c t i o n

I m p r o v e d a e s t h e t i c s o t h e

•

e n v i r o n m e n t a l



52


P R O B L E M

C H A L L E N G E S

S T R A T E G Y

P R O J E C T

P R O G R A M M E

A C T O R S

R E S O U R C E S

I N D I C A T O R S

W e a k i n s t i t u t i o n a l

l i n k a g e f o r e f f e c t i v e

d e v e l o p m e n t .

U n c o o r d i n a t e d

•

I n s t i t u t i o n a l a p p r o a c h e s

t o d e v e l o p m e n t

T o i m p r o v e c o o r d i n a t i o n a m o n g

• d e v e l o p m e n t i n s t i t u t i o n s

C a p a c i t y - b u i l d i n g i n i n s t i t u t i o n s

•

a n d l o c a l C o m m u n i t y

P r e p a r a t i o n o D e v e l o p m e n t

•

P l a n

L o c a l

•

c o m m u n i t i e s

F i n a n c e s

•

C o o r d i n a t e d a p p r o a c h t o

• d e v e l o p m e n t

I n a d e q u a t e c o m m u n i t y

•

i n v o l v e m e n t .

T o e n h a n c e e e c t i v e u t i l i z a t i o n

•

o r e s o u r c e s

I n v o l v e S t a k e h o

l d e r s a n d

•

c o m m u n i t i e s i n

d e v e l o p m e n t

M o n i t o r i n g a n d e v a l u a t i o n

•

D i s t r i c t

•


C o m m i t t e e

M a t e r i a l s

•

C o m m u n i t y a w a r e n e s s a n d

•

c a p a b i l i t y o s u s t a i n i n g p r o j e c t s

O v e r l a p p i n g

u n c t i o n s

•

a n d m a n d a t e s a m o n g

d e v e l o p m e n t a g e n c i e s a n d

g o v e r n m e n t

d e p a r t m e n t s .

T o i n c r e a s e c o m m u n i t y

•

p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n


p r o c e s s .

S e n s i t i z e t h e

l o c a l c o m m u n i t y

•

o n t h e i r r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s o n

m a n a g e m e n t o


C o m m u n i t y t r a i n i n g

•

P o l i t i c a l L e a d e r s

•

M a n p o w e r

•

A l l i n s t i t u t i o n s c o n t r i b u t i n g

•

t o w a r d s a c e n t r a l b o d y o

r e s o u r c e s

P o o r g o v e r n a n c e

•

T o r e d u c e

d u p l i c a t i o n o

• u n c t i o n s

C l e a r d e l i m i t a t i o n o m a n d a t e s

•

a n d o p e n a c c o u n t i n g s y s t e m

F o r m a c e n t r a l d e v e l o p m e n t

•

c o o r d i n a t i n g b o d y a t t h e

d i s t r i c t l e v e l

N G O s

•

E x p e r t i s e

•

A c c o u n t a b i l i t y a n d e e c t i v e n e s s

• o r s u s t a i n a b l e P r o j e c t s

V e s t i n g p o w e r s i n t h e

•

t o w n c l e r k e v e n i n a r e a s

t h e y l a c k c o m p e t e n c e

T o i n c r e a s e a c c o u n t a b i l i t y

•

a n d

t r a n s p a r e n c y a m o n g t h e

i n s t i t u t i o n s .

S t r e n g t h e n e s t a t e

b a s e d

• d e v e l o p m e n t c o m m i t t e e s

O r g a n i z e c o m m u n i t y

o r u m s

•

t o i d e n t i y a n d p r i o r i t i z e

p r o j e c t

C B O s

•

T e c h n i c a l

•

M i n i s t r i e s

E x p e r t i s e

I m p r o v e d g o v e r n a n c e

o r

•

m a n a g e m e n t o d e v e l o p m e n t

T o e m p l o y a n d e m p o w e r

•

r e l e v a n t p r o e s s i o n a l s i n t h e i r

a r e a s o e x p e r t i s e

T r a i n c o o p e r a t i v e m e m

b e r s -

•

g o o d g o v e r n a n c e a n d

m a n a g e m e n t .

O r g a n i z e W o r k s h o p s

o r

•

t r a i n i n g a n d


c o o r d i n a t i o n

C h u r c h e s

•

T e c h n i c a l

• d e p a r t m e n t s

E m p l o y m e n t o p l a n n e r s a n d

•

a r c h i t e c t s o r t h e M o H B

C o o p e r a t i v e

•

s o c i e t i e s

N G O s

•

e x p e r t i s e a n d

r e s o u r c e s

C i v i l s o c i e t y

•

C i v i l s o c i e t y

•

e x p e r t i s e a n d

r e s o u r c e s

1 2 . 1 . 7 L E G I S L A T I V E A N D I N S T I T U T I O N A L F R A M

E W O R K



53

12.2 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES

Te implementation of the proposed projects in various sectors of development will be done in phases. Teplan intends to implement the proposed projects in long-, medium- or the short-term in all the developmentsectors.

12.2.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

PROGRAMMES/ PROJECTS SHORT TERM LONG TERM

Workshops to sensitize people on conservation o the environment

Intensi y tree planting in MoHB

Field days on conservation

Protection o riparian reserves

Introduction o tree planting exercise

Pilot programs on alternative energy sources

Seminars on Eco- tourism

Community sensitization on arm yard manure

Workshops to sensitize people on benets o controlled shing

Construction o nature walk trails and camps on hills

Exploration o tourism potential or MoHB

Campaigns to eradicate the water hyacinth

12.2.2 HUMAN SETTLEMENTS


Change o tenure in MoHB to leasehold or ease o plan implementation

Buying land by MCHB to have su cient land bank or in rastructure development

Provide in rastructure in low income residential areas

Employment o qualied building en orcement o cers such as planners, architects,surveyors and land economists

Establishment o police patrol basesVertical housing development or optimum space utilization

Engagement o private security companies in provision o security

Training o municipal police or specialized crimes in MoHB as trade in under-age sh,trade without licenses, land grabbing and so on

Trans erring development control section rom the Town Clerk’s Department to oneheaded and controlled by pro essionals in the built environment.

Slum upgrading programmes

Construction o adequate and a ordable housing



54



Provide inputs at subsidized rates

Pilot projects at village levels or di erent crops

Initiation o sh arming

Re-organize management o cooperatives

Train local community on monitoring and implementation

Community policing

Exploration o market opportunities or produce

Train local community in monitoring marketing processes

Develop tourist potential sites

Involve shermen in marketing o their produce

Provide loans at a ordable rates

Marketing MoHB as a tourist destination

Set up industries dealing with manu acturing o shing gear

Provision o sh re rigeration service centre

Establishment o more and better tourist acilities such as hotelsIncreasing unds or shing investments

12.2.3 ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

12.2.4 INFRASTRUCTURE AND UTILITY SERVICES


Initiate connection to all areas to the municipal sewerage network

Initiate more water connections to the municipal water reticulation

Undertake expansion o post primary and secondary school

In rastructure maintenance o dilapidated in rastructure

Form community based health care centres in vil lages

Build health acilities

Train youth to construct & maintain roads

Initiate all-inclusive activities or improving road condition

Provide community telephone services at specied sites

Laying o in rastructure or the bre optic cable.

12.2.5 POLICY AND INSTITUTIONS


Capacity building within the institutions and the local community

Sensitization on the need to elect visionary educated leaders

Employment o MoHB planners

Trans erring development control department rom the o ce othe Town Clerk to pro essionals in the built environment withspecialized pro essional training in development control anden orcement issues

Financing o the proposed projects

Project management

Training the elected leaders

12.3 ENFORCEMENT

Proper enforcement of all requirements of this planlie in the squarely in the domains of the MCHB.Previously the problem with enforcement of local by-laws has been with the council’s inability to remainrm to ensure their implementation.

Tis plan points to the powers vested in the LocalGovernments Act, the Physical Planning Act andthe Public Health Act among others to be usedby the council in the implementation of the planrequirements. Te Local Authorities Adoptive By-laws

(the Building Code) also provide the MCHB with thestandards which could be adopted for developmentcontrol purposes.



55

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R E F E R E N C E S



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Kenya, Republic of (2004): Kenya Demographic & Health Survey 2003

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The strategic Urban Development Plan for Homa Bay has been prepared by the UNHABITATin collaboration with the Municipality of Homa Bay. It is one in a series of seven plans

under phase I of the UNHABITAT Urban Planning programme in the Lake Victoria region.UNHABITAT has supported this initiative with two main objectives: I) to provide an up-to-date spatial framework to guide its various programmes in a number of secondary townsn t e La e V ctor a reg on - a geare towar s promot ng env ronmenta susta na ty anpoverty reduction; II) to demonstrate the strength of participatory approaches in makingplanning more inclusive and effective. This objective is underpinned by Focus Area 2 of theUNHABITAT Me um Term Strateg c an Inst tut ona P an 2008-11), w c s on promot ngpart c patory p ann ng, management an governance as an ntegra part n ts m ss on toac eve susta na e ur an zat on aroun t e wor .

THE STRATEGIC URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR HOMA BAY

HSISBN: Vo ume)ISBN: Ser es)

Documents

Strategic Urban Development Plan for Homa Bay Municipality (2008-2030)