Stop Delivering Software · Do we Really Need Programmers? ... Dev, Continuous Integration 1.Emphasis is on ‘Delivering Working ... Continuous Delivery Architecture Enablers Microservices

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Mary PoppendieckPhoto © Tom Poppendieck

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Peter Drucker

Photo © Tom Poppendieck

COLOSSUS – Designed & Prototyped ENIAC – Commissioned


U.S. Army photo from the archives of the ARL Technical Library

Image Credit: The National Archives (UK). Public Domain

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Image Credit: University of Pennsylvania

The six ENIAC ‘operators’:Kay McNulty, Betty Jennings, Betty Snyder, Marlyn Wescoff, Fran Bilas, Ruth Lichterman

Mary Jackson Katherine Johnson Dorothy Vaughan Image Credit: NASA

Before electronic computers, there were human computers.

1952 : Grace Hopper experimented with a prototype compiler despite skepticism from management.Her philosophy “Go ahead and do it. You can apologize later."

1953: First Compiler released by UNIVACFirst open source: Customers received source code and were invited to send improvements.

First Compiler



Grace Hopper entering ‘codes’ on paper tape ~1944 Grace Hopper teaching COBOL ~1961

Image Credit: Bettmann/Getty Images Image Credit: Jeffrey Chuan Chu Collection, Computer History Museum

First Electronic Switching SystemDesign goal: As reliable as existing switching systems A maximum of two hours downtime in 40 years.Over half the hardware and software was dedicated to reliability

Programmers (scientists, engineers, and mathematicians) worked at Bell Labs on developing ESS, along side hardware & manufacturing engineers.


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1ESS – Succasunna, NJ – Installation began in 1963, operational in 1965.

Image Credit: AT&T Archives& History Center


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Software came bundled with hardware. It was enhanced by customers with COBOL.

1964: IBM announced the 360

Image Credit: NASA

“...I believe this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on

the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth."

1961: John F Kennedy proposed going to the moon


The major cause of the software crisis is that the machines have become several orders of magnitude more powerful! To put it quite bluntly: as long as there were no machines, programming was no problem at all; when we had a few weak computers, programming became a mild problem, and now we have gigantic computers, programming has become an equally gigantic problem. — Edsger W. Dijkstra, 1972


Ethernet is BornBob Metcalfe envisions the connected office of the future.


Image Credit: DigiBarn Computer Museum

A Major Milestone See: Gil Press, A Very Short History of Information Technology, Forbes, April 2013

Information Systems & Data Processing

Managers uncomfortable with technologyProgrammers in a separate department Emphasized cost control and governanceContracting model

Engineering Systems & Technology

Managers very comfortable with technologyProgrammers in engineering departmentEmphasized good engineering and responsibilityStrategic asset



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Image Credit: Time Inc.

PLC’s using Ladder Logic become the building blocks of factory automation

Image Credit:RepairZone.com

A Domain-Specific

Language!

Is that a computer?

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‘Application Development Without Programmers’ – James Martin, 1981

Do we Really Need Programmers?

April 1993: CERN put Web software into the Public DomainMosaic Browser released by10 students at the University of Illinois, Champaign‐Urbana


The World Wide Web is Born

Tim Berners‐Lee proposal, 1989.

CIOs doubled down on the Contracting Model

WaterfallCost CenterGovernance‘The Business’OutsourcingProjects

Responsibility for Software:

Any system running on enterprise infrastructure:

CIOFactory automation:

Facilities EngineeringEmbedded software:

Product Engineering Software product startups:

Business Units


IT decisions were increasingly madeby people who had never written code.

Chris Pinkham proposed an infrastructure service to Amazon Management. 2006 – Amazon released EC2, its 1st cloud offering

Google hired Ben Treynor to lead a team of seven

software engineers running a production environment.The team proceeded to invent the job of Site Reliability Engineer


+Extremely Large,

Exceptionally Reliable Data CentersSelf‐provisioned Infrastructure

=The Cloud

Meanwhile, at companies like Google,Engineers push technology to its limits

Agile: Small Teams, Short Release Cycles, Test‐Driven Dev, Continuous Integration

1. Emphasis is on ‘Delivering Working Software’, not outcomes or impact.

2. Strong distinction between ‘The Business’ and developers remains.

3. Developers are not responsible for ‘Building the Right Thing’.


Jeff Dean

Origins of Big Data: Google File System, MapReduce, BigTable…

Sanjay Ghemawat

BUT

Now working on Artificial Intelligence

The Internet of Smart Things

1. Always on 3G cell connection to the internet, paid for by Tesla.

2. Mobile app can control the car and read its sensors.

3. Updates to firmware / software are downloaded and installed.

Car recalled? No problem! Just download new software.

4. Autopilot was added in 2014/15.


Tesla Model S – Car of the Year

“We are a technology company that happens to ___________.”

Technology EnablersInfrastructure as CodeContinuous Delivery

Architecture EnablersMicroservicesOrganization Architecture

Cultural EnablersAlert to Cognitive BiasesComfortable with Messy Uncertainty




We Don’t Need Proxies:The ProcessThe Market Study‘The Business’The Product Owner

Most companies are in business to make money. Lean companies make money to stay in business. – Jon Shook

ProfitProductivityShareholder ValueCost, Schedule, Scope

Not Even Financial Proxies:



[email protected] www.poppendieck.com

Mary Poppendieck

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Stop Delivering Software · Do we Really Need Programmers? ... Dev, Continuous Integration 1.Emphasis is on ‘Delivering Working ... Continuous Delivery Architecture Enablers Microservices