StarterDirections: Copy the question and the FULL correct answer.

1. “It is evident that they belong to different systems. England to Europe, America to itself.” Which United States foreign policy is most consistent with the idea expressed in this quotation?

A. The Marshall Plan

B. The Monroe Doctrine

C. The Truman Doctrine

D. The Atlantic Charter

2. Adherence to a strict interpretation of the Constitution would have prevents President Thomas Jefferson from…

A. Making the Louisiana Purchase

B. Writing the “State of the Union” messages

C. Receiving ambassadors

D. Commissioning military officers

3. As a result of the establishment of the Monroe Doctrine (1823), the United States was able to…

A. Acquire parts of South America as land for settlement

B. Expand its influence in the Western Hemisphere

C. Increase trade with Asia

D. Form military alliances with European nations

Answers

• B

• C

• B

The Jackson Era

Election of 1824• Two-term President James Monroe did not seek third

term.• Candidates: John Quincy Adams (New England), William

Crawford (Georgia), Andrew Jackson (Tennessee), Henry Clay (Kentucky)

• Party: Democratic Republican• Issues: American System, sectional issues• Outcome: Jackson secured the popular vote, but did not

receive a majority of the electoral votes. Clay swung his support to Adams, and Adams won.

• Significance: Second time an election was decided by the House (1800, 1824); illustrated sectional interests; Jackson claimed a “corrupt bargain” had occurred.

• Jackson thought Clay supported Adams in exchange appointment as Secretary of State

The New Democratic Party

• Andrew Jackson relied on Martin Van Buren’s (New York) expertise as a politician who worked behind the scenes to build support for Jackson. (holding barbecues and rallies)

• Jackson first to travel to gain public support. • First to become the symbol of American

democracy.• Historians refer Jacksonian Democracy• The new party was named the Democratic Party

(supports of Jackson).

The Structure of the New Democratic Party

• Democrats developed a system of local and state committees and conventions.

• Cast out anyone who broke party’s discipline.• The faithful were rewarded with government jobs

(spoils system). • Elections became more business-like with

professional politicians and managers• Van Buren became the Secretary of State as a

reward for his work in helping Jackson get elected.

Country’s Democratic after 1824

• State legislatures were choosing their electors by popular vote except South Carolina

• New state constitutions extended voting rights to more citizens.– Originally restricted voting and holding office to men

who owned property.

• Voter turnout increased to record highest– From 30% to 80%.– All Americans were not included in the expansion of

democracy: Women, African Americans, and Native Americans

Election of 1828

• Democrats nominated Jackson• John Quincy Adams ran against Jackson.

(Democratic Republicans)• 56% of the popular vote and two thirds of the

electoral votes went to Jackson; it was seen as the victory of the common man.

• The inauguration party was so rowdy that Jackson had to be taken away for his safety.

The Fight Against the Bank

• Jackson disliked the second Bank of the U.S.• Charted by Congress in 1861

• Saw it as a dangerous, corrupt, with special interest tool for the rich investors, elite, north.

• He wanted to kill the Bank.• He diverted federal funds to state banks, called

“pet banks”. This effectively crippled the Bank of the U.S.

• Vetoed the 1832 bill calling for the renewal of the Bank of the U.S.

Native American Removal

• Jefferson captured 80% of votes from south.• Voters want to remove American Indians in the

region.– Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Seminole– “Five Civilized Tribes”

• Jackson favored removal. • Indian Removal Act 1830 – authorized the

removal of Native American’s property in the southeast for new lands in the Indian Territory (modern-day Oklahoma).– Mainly Georgia—discovery of gold

Native American Removal

• Native Americans adopted white culture:– Practiced Christianity, established schools,

owned property, formed constitutional republican government, printed own newspapers and books

• Sequoyah invented the writing system for the Cherokee language

• American whites saw the Indian civilizations as a “sham” and they could never be civilized

Native American Removal

• Between 1827 and 1830, Georgia, Mississippi, Alabama dissolved the Indian governments and seized their lands

• In 1832 Indians appealed their case to the federal courts– Worcester vs. Georgia – Court ruled that

Georgia’s land seizure was unconstitutional. Jackson’s response was, “John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it.”

Trail of Tears

• In 1838 the Cherokee were forced to walk from their lands in the Southeast to Indian Territory (Oklahoma). – Trail of Tears

• Traveling over 1000 miles, at least 4,000 Indians died of diseases, exposure, hunger on their long hard journey.

• Removal also affected Native Americans in the Midwest.

Trail of Tears

Tariff of 1828

• Called the Tariff of Abominations by the south– Called for the highest tariff on imports in America

• Industrial North favored protective tariffs• Agricultural South disliked them

• John C. Calhoun, in opposition to the tariff, resigned as Vice President became Senator of SC, wrote pamphlet “Exposition and Protest” calling for the nullification of the Tariff of 1828 and threaten the possibility of leaving the Union if the tariff was not removed.

Tariff, continued

• Jackson’s response was a promise to have a reduction in the tariff. – This became the Tariff of 1833.

• Jackson did want to support states’ rights and lower the tariff, but he did not believe in nullification.

• The nullification crisis had been postpone rather than resolved.

The Whig Party Forms

• Because of the war on the Bank of the U.S. and Jackson’s use of his veto power, many began to see Jackson as a power-hungry tyrant who exerted his authority in a way that was abusive to Congress.

• The opposition, led by Henry Clay and Daniel Webster, 1832 formed a political party, the Whigs.

• Members were nationalists who favored strong federal government to manage the economy, a loose interpretation of the Constitution, favored protective tariffs, internal improvements, and a national bank.

Whig Party, continued

• The emergence of the Whigs renewed the two-party politics system.

• For the next 20 years, the Whigs challenged Jacksonian Democrats in local, state, and national elections.

• The two-party rivalry brought a growing number voters to the polls.

• In 1832, the Whigs nominated Henry Clay. Jackson won in a landslide victory, and Martin Van Buren became his vice president.

• Jackson continued his war on the bank, assisted by Secretary of the Treasury, Roger B. Taney.

• When Marshall died in 1835, Jackson appointed Taney, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

Analyze Political Cartoon

“King Andrew” Jackson exercised firm authority as President. He wielded such power that his critics sometimes referred to him as “King Andrew”

1. What details does the cartoonist use here to portray Jackson’s use of power?

2. What does his trampling of the Constitution suggest?

Analyze Political Cartoon Answer

“King Andrew” Jackson exercised firm authority as President. He wielded such power that his critics sometimes referred to him as “King Andrew”

1. Jackson wearing a king’s clothing, including a cloak, crown, and scepter.

2. That Jackson is trampling US law; that he is above the law.