Starter

Complete the full electronic configuration of:1)Ti2)Br3)Cl-

4)Ca 2+

5)Fe 3+

6)Co3+

Covalent bondingCovalent bonding

L.O.:• Describe a covalent bond as a shared pair of electrons.• Describe single and multiple covalent bonding.• Use dot-and-cross diagrams to represent covalent bonding. • Describe dative covalent (coordinate) bonding.• Use dot-and-cross diagrams to represent covalent bonding

• Octet rule.

A covalent is a bond formed by a shared pair of electrons.

Covalent bond formation in H2

Covalent bonding in Cl2

Covalent bonding in H2O, NH3 and CH4

Draw dot-and-cross diagrams for:

a) Cl2

b) HCl

c) SiF4

d) SCl2

Q2, page 55.

Dative covalent bonding in NH4+

A dative covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons which has been provided by one of the bonding atoms only.

The ammonium ion

The oxonium ion

Dot-and-cross diagram of BF3

Dot-and-cross diagram of SF6

Expansion of the octet:o unpaired electrons pair upo The maximum number of electrons that can

pair up is equivalent to the number of electrons in the outer shell.

Qs 1&2, page 57.