Standart Grade Oil

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Appendix


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APPENDIX

Glossary

These descriptions are general in nature and may not be absolutelytechnically correct.

Acid Number or Total Acid Number is a measurement of the acidic propertiesof an oil. The acid number of an oil increases during the service life of the oil dueto acid build-up in the oil.

AGMA American Gear Manufacturers Association

Anti-wear Additive is an additive used to reduce the amount of wear betweentwo sliding surfaces by reacting with the metal surface to form a lm. Zinc (dialkyldithiophosphate) is the most common type used.

API American Petroleum Institute

Ash or Sulphated Ash is an measurement of the residue left behind after thecombustion of an oil. Metallic (calcium and magnesium) detergents and (zinc)antiwear additives contribute to the ash content of an oil.

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials. This group establishes manyof the test methods used by laboratories to evaluate oils and greases.

Autoignition Temperature (AIT) is the temperature to which an oil can beheated before it will spontaneously ignite, even without a source of ignition. TheAIT will occur at a higher temperature than the ash point or re point of an oil.

Base Number or Total Base Number is a measure of the basic or alkaline

properties of an oil. The base number of an oil decreases during the service lifeof an oil due to the consumption of some of the additives in the oil.

Base Oil or Base Stock is the lubricating oil portion of a lubricating oil orgrease. It may be mineral (rened from crude oil) or synthetic (manufactured,chemically altered).


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Brookfeld Viscosity a low temperature viscosity used to evaluate hydraulic oilsand gear oils.

CCS Cold Cranking Simulator, is a low temperature viscosity used to evaluate thestart-up performance of motor oils.

Centistoke (cSt) A common unit of kinematic viscosity.Equal in value to a mm2/s.

Centipoise (cP) A common unit of absolute or dynamic viscosity. Results fromBrookeld, Cold Cranking Simulator and Mini Rotary viscometers provide results incentipoise. Equal in value to a milli Pascal second (mPa.s).

CGSB Canadian General Standards Board, establish standard laboratory test

methods for Canada.

Channel Point is the lowest temperature at which an oil will slump back intoa channel cut through the oil. It is used to simulate gear teeth moving throughcold oil.

Compounded Oil is a lubricating oil containing fatty (natural or synthetic)additives.

Demulsibility is the ability of an oil to allow water to separate (drop-out).

Dropping Point is the highest temperature to which a grease can be heat before

a drop of oil separates (and drops) from the grease (under prescribed conditions).

EP Extreme Pressure is a term used to describe an oil or grease whichcontains an additive used to protect metal surfaces from heavy loading and shockloading by reacting with the metal surface to reduce the potential damage.Common in gear oils and multipurpose greases.

Four () Ball Test 4 Ball Wear test measures the wear protection provided by alubricant by measuring a scar diameter on four steel balls. A smaller scar diameterindicates better wear protection.

4 Ball EP test measures the extreme pressure load carrying capacity of a lubricant.A higher load causing the welding of the balls (Weld Load) and a higher calculated

Load Wear Index (LWI), determined prior to welding, indicate better EP protection.


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Flash Point is the lowest temperature at which an oil creates enough ammable

vapour to ignite in the presence of a spark, but not sustain a ame. COC Cleveland Open Cup Method, used for lubricating oils. PMCC Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Method, used for fuel oils and lubricants

containing lighter solvents. TAGCC Tag Closed Cup Method, used for solvents.

ISO International Standards Organization

Lubricant an oil or grease or solid used to reduce friction between two movingsurfaces in contact.

Mineral Oil is base oil (or base stock) derived directly from crude oil at a renery.The crude oil is cleaned-up by various solvent extraction, hydronishing, hydrotreating

and dewaxing processes and separated into different viscosity grades.

MRV Mini Rotary Viscometer, is a low temperature viscosity used to measure theability of an oil to be pumped within an automotive engine. It is used to prevent oilstarvation during engine start-up.

Neutralization Number is another term used to refer to either the acid number

or base number of an oil.

NLGI National Lubricating Grease Institute.Penetration is used to determine the NLGI grade number (the hardness orstiffness) of a grease e.g. a #2 grade grease.

R&O is an oil containing primarily just a rust and oxidation inhibiting additivepackage. It may contain an antifoam additive but will not contain an antiwear orEP additive.

SAE Society of Automotive Engineers.

Solvent Extraction a rening process for mineral base oils that is used toremove undesirable chemical components.


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STLE Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers.

Sulphated Ash See Ash.

Synthetic man-made, structurally altered (not naturally occurring) base oil.Various chemical types exist with different properties.

Synthetic Blend is a formulated lubricating oil containing both mineral oil base

stock and synthetic oil base stock. The proportion of mineral oil to synthetic oilcan vary widely.

Timken OK Load is a measure of the extreme pressure (EP) properties of an oilor grease. The OK Load is the heaviest load that a lm of lubricant can supportwithout scoring under the test conditions. Test results can vary signicantly.

Total Acid Number (TAN) See Acid Number

Total Base Number (TBN) See Base Number


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Kinematic Viscosity Comparison Chart

210F limits converted to 40C on basis of 95 VI oils


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NLGI Grease Grade Defnitions

Grade Penetration Range Comments

# 000 475 to 445 semi-uid, used in some gearboxes

# 00 430 to 400 used in centralized systems

# 0 385 to 355 used in centralized systems

# 1 340 to 310 grease gun & centralized systems

# 2 295 to 265 most common grade, grease gun

# 3 250 to 220 grease gun, higher speed bearings

# 4 205 to 175 not common

# 5 160 to 130 not common

# 6 115 to 85 hard, block grease, not common


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SAE Engine Oil Viscosity Grade Defnitions

LOW TEMPERATURE HIGH TEMPERATUREVISCOSITIES VISCOSITIES

Viscosity CCS MRV Min. Max. HighGrade Cranking Pumping Kinematic Kinematic Shear (cP)

(cP) Max @ C (cP) Max @ C Viscosity Viscosity @ 150C

@ 100C @ 100C

0W 6,250 @ -35 60,000 @ -40 3.8 - 5W 6,600 @ -30 60,000 @ -35 3.8 - 10W 7,000 @ -25 60,000 @ -30 4.1 - 15W 7,000 @ -20 60,000 @ -25 5.6 -

20W 9,500 @ -15 60,000 @ -20 5.6 - 25W 13,000 @ -10 60,000 @ -15 9.3 -

20 5.6 < 9.3 2.6 30 9.3 < 12.5 2.9 40 12.5 < 16.3 2.9 (0W,

5W, 10W) 40 12.5 < 16.3 3.7 (15W,

20W, 25W,

40) 50 16.3 < 21.9 3.7

60 21.9 < 26.1 3.7

All values are critical specications as dened by ASTM D 3244SAE J-300 (Dec 99 Revision)


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SAE Gear Oil Viscosity Grade Defnitions

PROPERTY W 0W W 0 0 0

Viscosity, cSt

100C Min. 4.1 7 11 13.5 24.0 41Max. 24.5 41.0

Max. Temp (C)

for 150,000 cP

Brookeld Visc. -40 -26 -12


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ISO Viscosity Grade Defnitions

ISO Grade Grade Minimum Grade Maximum

(@ 0C) (@ 0C)

10 9 11

15 13.5 16.5

22 19.8 24.2

32 28.8 35.2

46 41.4 50.6

68 61.2 74.8

100 90 110

150 135 165

220 198 242

320 288 352

460 414 506

680 612 748

1000 900 1100


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Conversion Factors

Volumes

1 litre = 0.220 Imp gallons = 0.264 US gallons = 0.0010 cubic meters1 Imp gallon = 4.546 litres = 1.20 US gallons = 0.00455 cubic meters

1 US gallon = 3.785 litres = 0.8327 Imp gal. = 0.003785 cubic meters1 cubic meter = 1000 litres1 cubic inch = 16.4 cc or ml 1 cc = 0.0610 cubic inches1 Bbl = 159 litres = 35 Imp Gallons

Lengths

1 inch = 25.4 mm

1 foot = 0.3048 meters1 yard = 0.0144 meters1 mile = 1.6093 km

Mass (Weights)

1 ounce = 28.35 grams1 pound = 0.454 kilograms 1 kilogram = 2.205 pounds

Temperature

F = (C x 9/5) + 32

C = (F 32) x 5/9

Pressure

100 kPa = 14.504 PSI = 1 bar1 PSI = 6.895 kPa

Power

1 Watt = 3.41 BTUs / hr

Documents

Standart Grade Oil