Standard STD 112-0003 - Searching for standard … · Standard STD 112-0003 ... this standard conforms to ISO 1101:2004. ... The standard comprises principles of symbolization and

Standard STD 112-0003 Volvo Group

Issue date April 2013 Issue 4 Page 1(41)

NOT FOR NEW DESIGN AS OF 2013-04-26 This standard is valid when there is a reference to it. ”Not for new design” is only an indication to our design departments.

The English language version is the original and the reference in case of dispute.

Geometrical tolerances Indication and definitions

Orientation As to its technical content, this standard conforms to ISO 1101:2004.

This standard is a further development of the previously issued standard STD 5062,2, which it replaces and from which it differs in the following respects:

− The standard has been adapted to a new version of the ISO standard

− Volvo’s system with measuring principles and rules for measurement has been deleted and is now described in a separate Volvo standard with number STD 112-0004

− An old Volvo rule for framing of theoretically exact dimensions has been deleted

− In table 2, symbols for least material requirement, free state condition, all around, common zone and envelope requirement have been added

− Direct indication of datum (without letter designation) has been deleted

− Spherical tolerance zone has been added

− Appendix A showing old indications has been added.

This issue differs from issue 3 in that the standard no longer applies to new design. For new designs, ISO 1101:2012 shall be used.

Contents 1 Scope and field of application

2 Terms and definitions

3 Basic concepts

4 Symbols

5 Tolerance frame

6 Toleranced features

7 Tolerance zones

8 Datums

9 Supplementary indications

10 Theoretically exact dimensions

11 Restrictive specifications

12 Projected tolerance zones

13 Maximum material requirement

14 Least material requirement

15 Free state condition

16 Interrelationship of geometrical tolerances

17 Definitions of geometrical tolerances


Issue 4 Page 2(41)


18 Reference to this standard

19 Appendix A

1 Scope and field of application The standard comprises principles of symbolization and indication on technical drawings of tolerances of form, orientation, position and run-out, and establishes the appropriate geometrical definitions. The term ”geometrical tolerances” will be used in this standard as synonymous with these tolerances. Geometrical tolerances shall be indicated with respect to the functional requirements. Manufacturing and inspection requirements may also influence the way in which geometrical tolerances are specified.

The indication of geometrical tolerances does not mean that a specific method for manufacture, measurement or inspection is required.

2 Terms and definitions

2.1 Tolerance zone Space limited by one or several geometrically perfect lines or surfaces, and characterized by a linear dimension, called a tolerance.

3 Basic concepts 3.1 A feature is a specific characteristic of a part, such as axis, median plane, surface, hole, recess or profile.

3.2 Depending on the characteristic which shall be toleranced and the manner in which it is indicated, the tolerance zone is one of the following:

− the area within a circle

− the area between two concentric circles

− the area between two equidistant lines or between two parallel straight lines

− the space within a cylinder

− the space between two coaxial cylinders

− the space between two equidistant surfaces or two parallel planes

− the space within a sphere

3.3 Unless a more restrictive indication is required, for example by an explanatory note, the toleranced feature may be of any form or orientation within this tolerance zone.

3.4 The tolerance applies to the entire length or surface of the toleranced feature unless otherwise indicated.

3.5 Geometrical tolerances, which are assigned to features related to a datum, do not control the form deviations of the datum feature itself. The form of the datum feature shall be sufficiently accurate for its purpose and it may therefore be necessary to specify tolerances of form for the datum feature.


Issue 4 Page 3(41)


4 Symbols

Table 1 Symbols for geometrical characteristics Tolerances Characteristics Symbol Datum needed Reference

Form

Straightness no 17.1

Flatness

no 17.2

Roundness

no 17.3

Cylindricity

no 17.4

Profile of any line

no 17.5

Profile of any surface

no 17.5

Orientation

Parallelism

yes 17.6

Perpendicularity

yes 17.7

Angularity

yes 17.8

Orientation of any line

yes 17.5

Orientation of any surface

yes 17.5

Location

Position

yes or no 17.9

Concentricity (for centre points)

yes 17.10

Coaxiality (for axes)

yes 17.10

Symmetry yes 17.11

Position of any profile

yes 17.5

Position of any surface

yes 17.5

Run-out

Circular run-out

yes 17.12

Total run-out

yes 17.13


Issue 4 Page 4(41)


Table 2 Additional symbols Description Symbols References

Toleranced feature indication

Section 6

Datum feature indication A A

Section 8 and STD 112-0002

Datum target indication A1

∅ 2

STD 112-0002

Theoretically exact dimension 5 0

Section 10

Projected tolerance zone

Section 12 and ISO 10578

Maximum material requirement

Section 13 and STD 112-0001

Least material requirement

Section 14

Free state condition (non-rigid parts)

Section 15 and ISO 10579

All around (profile)

Section 9.1

Envelope requirement

STD 110-0001

Common zone CZ Section 7.4

5 Tolerance frame 5.1 The requirements are shown in a rectangular frame, which is divided into two or more compart-ments. These compartments contain, from left to right, in the following order (see figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5):

– the symbol for the geometrical characteristic

– the tolerance value in the unit used for linear dimensions. This value is preceded by the symbol “Ø” if the tolerance zone is circular or cylindrical, or by “SØ” if the tolerance zone is spherical

– if appropriate, the letter or letters identifying the datum or datum system (see figures 2, 3, 4 and 5).

0,1

0,1 A

0,1 A∅ C B

0,1 A S∅ B C

0,1 A - B

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

P

M

L

F

E


Issue 4 Page 5(41)


5.2 Symbol for number of features When a tolerance applies to more than one feature, e.g. six holes, this shall be indicated above the tolerance frame by 6x. See figures 6a and 6b.

6x ∅ 0,1

6x Ø20±0,5 ∅ 0,1

Figure 6a Figure 6b

5.3 Supplementary requirement Indications qualifying the form of the feature within the tolerance zone shall be written near the tolerance frame. See figure 7.

0,3

NOT CONVEX Figure 7

5.4 More than one tolerance requirement If it is necessary to specify more than one geometrical characteristic for a feature, the requirements should be given in tolerance frames placed one under the other (see figure 8).

0,6

0,2

B

Figure 8

6 Toleranced features The tolerance frame is connected to the toleranced feature by means of a leader line terminating with an arrowhead in the following way:

– on the outline of the feature or an extension of the outline (but clearly separated from the dimension line) when the tolerance refers to the line or surface itself (see figures 9 and 10); the arrow may be placed on a leader line pointing to the surface (see figure 11).

Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11


Issue 4 Page 6(41)


– as an extension of the dimension line when the tolerance refers to the axis or median plane of the feature. See figures 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16.

Figure 12 Figure 13

∅0,1 CZ

Figure 14 Figure 15

Ø 0,53x Ø25 ± 0,5

Figure 16

– if needed, an indication specifying the form of the feature (line instead of a surface) shall be written near the tolerance frame (see figure 17).

BA

B0,5 ALine elements

Figure 17

NOTE – When the toleranced feature is a line, further specification can be needed to control the orientation.


Issue 4 Page 7(41)


7 Tolerance zones 7.1 The width of the tolerance zone applies perpendicular to the specified geometry (see figures 18 and 19) unless otherwise indicated (see figures 20 and 21).

NOTE - The orientation alone of the leader line does not influence the definition of the tolerance.

Figure 18 Figure 19

Figure 20 Figure 21

The angle α shown in figure 20 shall be indicated, even if it is equal to 90°.

In the case of roundness, the width of the tolerance zone always applies in a plane perpendicular to the nominal axis unless otherwise stated. At some special cases, for example roundness for some conical surfaces, it can be necessary to specify that it shall apply perpendicular to the specified geometry.


Issue 4 Page 8(41)


7.2 In the case of an axis or centre point toleranced in one direction:

– the orientation of the width of a positioning tolerance zone for a positional tolerance applies in the direction indicated by the arrow of the leader line unless otherwise indicated (see figure 22)

28

30 30 30

8x20 ± 0,3 0,5 C

8x7

± 0,

1

0,1 C

CA B

A B

20 BA

20

Figure 22

– the orientation of the width of an orientation tolerance zone applies in the direction indicated by the arrow of the leader line unless otherwise indicated (see figures 23 and 24)

– when two tolerances are stated, they are perpendicular to each other unless otherwise indicated (see figures 23 and 24).

B

A

0,2 A B

0,1 A B

Figure 23


Issue 4 Page 9(41)


0,2

0,1

Datum A

Datum A

Datum B Figure 24

7.3 The tolerance zone is cylindrical (see figures 25 and 26) or circular if the tolerance value is preceded by the symbol Ø or spherical if it is preceded by the symbol SØ.

Ø0,1

Datum A

Figure 25 Figure 26


Issue 4 Page 10(41)


7.4 Same tolerance value for more than one feature When the same tolerance value applies to more than one single feature with individual tolerance zones, this can be indicated as shown in figure 27.

Figure 27

7.5 Where a single tolerance zone is applied to several separate features, the requirement is indi-cated by the symbol “CZ” for common zone following the tolerance in the tolerance frame (see figure 28).

Figure 28

Common zone can also be indicated in clear text next to the tolerance frame as shown in Appendix A (figure A.9) to this standard.

8 Datums 8.1 Datums shall be indicated as shown in sections 8.2 to 8.5. For additional information, see STD 112-0002.

8.2 A datum that is related to a toleranced feature is designated by a datum letter. A capital letter enclosed in a datum frame is connected to a solid or blank datum triangle to identify the datum (see figures 29 and 30). The same letter, which defines the datum, is also indicated in the tolerance frame. There is no difference in the meaning between a solid and a blank datum triangle.

Figure 29 Figure 30


Issue 4 Page 11(41)


8.3 The datum triangle with the datum letter is placed:

– on the outline of the feature or an extension line (but clearly separated from the dimension line), when the datum is the line or surface shown (see figure 31). The datum triangle may be placed on a leader line pointing to the surface (see figure 32).

Figure 31 Figure 32

– as an extension of the dimension line when the datum is the axis or median plane or a point de-fined by the feature so dimensioned (see figures 33, 34 and 35). If there is insufficient space for two arrows, one of them may be replaced by the datum triangle (see figures 34 and 35).

Figure 33 Figure 34 Fig 35

8.4 A datum established by a single feature is designated by a capital letter (see figure 36).

A common datum established by two features is designated by two capital letters separated by a hyphen (see figure 37).

Where a datum system is established by two or three features, i.e. multiple datums, the capital letters for identifying the datums are indicated in an order of priority, from left to right, in separate compartments (see figure 38).

A

A-B

A B C



Issue 4 Page 12(41)


9 Supplementary indications 9.1 If a profile characteristic is applied to the entire outline of the cross-sections or if it is applied to the entire surface represented by the outline, it shall be expressed by using the symbol “all around” (see figures 39 and 40). The all-around symbol does not involve the entire workpiece but only the surfaces represented by the outline and identified by the tolerance indication (see figure 40).

Figure 39

Included in profile tolerance, 4 sides

Not included in profile tolerance, 2 sides

Figure 40

9.2 Tolerances and datums specified for screw threads apply to the axis derived from the pitch cylinder, unless otherwise specified, e.g. “MD” for major diameter or “LD” for least diameter (see figures 41 and 42). Tolerances and datums specified for gears and splines shall designate the specific feature to which they apply.

Ø 0,1 A BMD

ALD

Figure 41 Figure 42


Issue 4 Page 13(41)


10 Theoretically exact dimensions When a dimension is used to determine a theoretically exact position, profile or angle, it shall be enclosed in a frame (see figures 43 and 44). These dimensions are called “theoretically exact dimensions” and shall not have a tolerance applied to them directly, but instead derive their tolerance from the tolerance frame related to the feature being dimensioned.

Figure 43 Figure 44

11 Restrictive specifications 11.1 If a tolerance of the same characteristic is applied to a restricted length or surface, lying any-where within the total extent of the feature, the value of the restricted length or surface shall be added after the tolerance value and be separated from it by an oblique stroke. Such indication may be placed in the lower compartment of the tolerance frame directly under the tolerance for the entire feature (see figures 45 a and 45 b).

0,30,1/50 0,2/25 x 25

0,6

Figure 45 a Figure 45 b

11.2 If a tolerance is applied to a restricted part of a feature only, this restriction shall be shown as a long-dashed dotted wide line and dimensioned (see figures 46 and 47).

Figure 46

Figure 47


Issue 4 Page 14(41)


11.3 If the datum is applied to a restricted part of the datum feature, this shall be indicated as shown in figure 48.

Figure 48

12 Projected tolerance zone In some cases, the tolerance of orientation and position shall apply not to the feature itself but to the external projection of it. Such projected tolerance zones shall be indicated by the symbol

( = projected). See figure 49.

Figure 49

13 Maximum material requirement

If maximum material requirement is permitted, this shall be indicated by the symbol placed after:

– the tolerance value (see figure 50)

– the datum letter (see figure 51)

– or both (see figure 52)

depending on whether the maximum material requirement is to be applied to the toleranced feature, to the datum feature or to both of these features.

0,04 A ∅ M

0,04 A∅ M

0,04 A∅ M M



Issue 4 Page 15(41)


See STD 112-0001 for additional information.

14 Least material requirement If least material requirement is to be applied, this shall be indicated by the symbol L placed after:

– the tolerance value (see figure 53)

– the datum letter (see figure 54)

– or both (see figure 55).

0,5 B ∅ L

0,5 B ∅ L

0,5 A ∅ L L


See ISO 2692-AMD1 for additional information.

15 Free state condition The free state condition for non-rigid parts is indicated by the symbol F placed after the specified tolerance value (see figures 56 and 57).

See ISO 10579 for additional information.

2 AF

A1A2,5 F

Figure 56 Figure 57

16 Interrelationship of geometrical tolerances Where required for functional reasons, one or more characteristics can have to be toleranced to define the geometrical correctness of a feature. When the geometrical accuracy of a feature is defined by a certain type of tolerance, other deviations of this feature in some cases will be controlled by this tolerance.

The location tolerances of a feature control the location deviation, orientation deviation and form deviation of this feature.

The orientation tolerances of a feature control the orientation deviation and form deviation of this feature.

The form tolerances of a feature control only the form deviations of this feature.


Issue 4 Page 16(41)


17 Definitions of geometrical tolerances

17.1 Straightness tolerance The tolerance zone, in the considered plane, is limited by two parallel straight lines a distance t apart and in the specified direction only.

Any line on the upper surface, parallel to the plane of projection in which the indication is shown, shall be contained between two parallel straight lines 0,1 apart.

t

a

a - any distance

0,1

Figure 58 Figure 59

The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart.

Any generating line on the cylindrical surface shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,1 apart.

t

0,1

Figure 60 Figure 61

The tolerance zone is limited by a cylinder of diameter t if the tolerance value is preceded by the symbol Ø.

The axis of the cylinder to which the tolerance applies shall be contained within a cylindrical zone of diameter 0,1.

Ø t

Ø 0,1

Figure 62 Figure 63


Issue 4 Page 17(41)


17.2 Flatness tolerance The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart.

The surface shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,06 apart.

t

0,06

Figure 64 Figure 65

17.3 Roundness tolerance The tolerance zone, in the considered cross-section, is limited by two concentric circles with a difference in radii of t.

The radial line, in any cross-section of the cylindrical surfaces, shall be contained between two co-planar concentric circles, with a difference in radii of 0,1.

Figure 66 Figure 67

17.4 Cylindricity tolerance The tolerance zone is limited by two coaxial cylinders with a difference in radii of t.

The cylindrical surface shall be contained between two coaxial cylinders with a difference in radii of 0,1.

Ø

0,1

Figure 68 Figure 69


Issue 4 Page 18(41)


17.5 Profile tolerance

17.5.1 Profile tolerance of a line not related to a datum The tolerance zone is limited by two lines enveloping circles of diameter t, the centres of which are situated on a line having the theoretically exact geometrical form.

In each section, parallel to the plane of projection in which the indication is shown, the profile line shall be contained between two equidistant lines enveloping circles of diameter 0,04, the centres of which are situated on a line having the theoretically exact geometrical form.

Ø t

0,04

R2 x

R

Figure 70 Figure 71

17.5.2 Profile tolerance of a line related to a datum The tolerance zone is limited by two lines enveloping circles of diameter t, the centres of which are situated on a line having the theoretically exact geometrical form with respect to datum plane A and datum plane B.

In each section, parallel to the plane of projection in which the indication is shown, the profile line shall be contained between two equidistant lines enveloping circles of diameter 0,2, the centres of which are situated on a line having the theoretically exact geometrical form with respect to datum plane A and datum plane B.

Ø t

Datum A

Datum B

Plane parallel to datum A

0,2 A B

R

BA


Issue 4 Page 19(41)


Figure 72 Figure 73

17.5.3 Profile tolerance of a surface not related to a datum The tolerance zone is limited by two surfaces enve-loping spheres of diameter t, the centres of which are situated on a surface having the theoretically exact geometrical form.

The surface shall be contained between two equi-distant surfaces enveloping spheres of diameter 0,02, the centres of which are situated on a surface having the theoretically exact geometrical form.

S Ø

t

0,02

R

Figure 74 Figure 75

17.5.4 Profile tolerance or a surface related to a datum The tolerance zone is limited by two surfaces enve-loping spheres of diameter t, the centres of which are situated on a surface having the theoretically exact geometrical form with respect to datum plane A.

The surface shall be contained between two equi-distant surfaces enveloping spheres of diameter 0,1, the centres of which are situated on a surface having the theoretically exact geometrical form with respect to datum plane A.

S Ø t

Datum A

0,1 A

RA

Figure 76 Figure 77


Issue 4 Page 20(41)


17.6 Parallelism tolerance

17.6.1 Parallelism tolerance of a line related to a datum system The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart. The planes are parallel to the datums and in the direction specified.

The axis shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,1 apart which are parallel to datum straight line A, orientated with respect to datum plane B and in the direction specified.

t

Datum BDatum A

0,1 A B

A

B Figure 78 Figure 79

The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart. The planes are parallel to the datums and in the direction specified.

The axis shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,1 apart, which are parallel to the datum straight line A, orientated with respect to datum plane B and in the direction specified.

t

Datum A Datum B

0,1 A B

B

Figure 80 Figure 81


Issue 4 Page 21(41)


The tolerance zone is limited by two pairs of parallel planes a distance t1 and t2 respectively apart and perpendicular to each other. The planes are parallel to the datum plane and in the direction specified.

The axis shall be contained between two pairs of parallel planes 0,2 and 0,1 respectively apart, in the direction specified with respect to datum plane B, and perpendicular to each other. Both pairs of parallel planes shall be parallel to the datum straight line A.

Datum A

Datum B

t1

t2

0,2 A B

B

0,1 A B

Figure 82 Figure 83

17.6.2 Parallelism tolerance of a line related to a datum line The tolerance zone is limited by a cylinder of diameter t, parallel to the datum, if the tolerance value is preceded by the symbol Ø.

The axis shall be within a cylindrical zone of diameter 0,03 parallel to the datum straight line A.

Ø t

Datum A

Ø 0,03 A

A Figure 84 Figure 85


Issue 4 Page 22(41)


17.6.3 Parallelism tolerance of a line related to a datum surface The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart and parallel to the datum.

The axis shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,01 apart which are parallel to datum plane B.

Datum B

t

0,01 A

B

Figure 86 Figure 87

17.6.4 Parallelism tolerance of a line related to a datum surface The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel lines a distance t apart and parallel to datum plane A and perpendicular to datum plane B.

Each line shall be contained between two parallel lines 0,02 apart which are parallel to datum plane A and perpendicular to datum plane B.

t

Datum B

Datum A

0,02 A BLine elements

AB

Figure 88 Figure 89


Issue 4 Page 23(41)


17.6.5 Parallelism tolerance of a surface related to a datum line The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart and parallel to the datum.

The surface shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,1 apart which are parallel to the datum straight line C.

t

Datum C

C

C

0,1

Figure 90 Figure 91

17.6.6 Parallelism tolerance of a surface related to a datum surface The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart and parallel to the datum plane.

The surface shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,01 apart which are parallel to datum plane D.

t

Datum D

0,01

D

D

Figure 92 Figure 93


Issue 4 Page 24(41)


17.7 Perpendicularity tolerance

17.7.1 Perpendicularity tolerance of a line related to a datum line The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart and perpendicular to the datum.

The straight axis shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,06 apart which are perpendicular to the datum straight line A.

t

Datum A

0,06 A

A

Figure 94 Figure 95

17.7.2 Perpendicularity tolerance of a line related to a datum surface The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart. The planes are perpendicular to datum A and in the direction specified.

The axis of the cylinder shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,1 apart which are perpendicular to datum plane A and in the direction specified with respect to datum plane B.

Figure 96 Figure 97


Issue 4 Page 25(41)


The tolerance zone is limited by two pairs of parallel planes a distance t1 and t2 apart and perpendicular to each other. The planes are perpendicular to the datum and in the direction specified.

Figure 98 Figure 99

The axis of the cylinder shall be contained between two pairs of parallel planes 0,2 and 0,1 apart, in the direction specified with respect to datum plane B, and perpendicular to each other. Both pairs of parallel planes shall be perpendicular to datum plane A.

Figure 100

The tolerance zone is limited by a cylinder of diameter t perpendicular to the datum if the tolerance value is preceded by the symbol Ø.

The axis of the cylinder shall be within a cylindrical zone of diameter 0,01 perpendicular to the datum plane A.

Figure 101 Figure 102


Issue 4 Page 26(41)


17.7.3 Perpendicularity tolerance of a surface related to a datum line The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart and perpendicular to the datum.

The surface shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,08 apart which are perpendicular to the datum straight line A.

Figure 103 Fig 104

17.7.4 Perpendicularity tolerance of a surface related to a datum surface The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart and perpendicular to the datum.

The surface shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,08 apart which are perpendicular to the datum plane A.


17.8 Angularity tolerance

17.8.1 Angularity tolerance of a line related to a datum line a) Line and datum line in the same plane

The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart and inclined at the specified angle to the datum.

The axis shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,08 apart which are inclined at a theoretically exact angle of 60° to the common datum straight line A-B.



Issue 4 Page 27(41)


b) Line and datum line in different planes

The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart and inclined at the specified angle to the datum. If the considered line and the datum line are not in the same plane, the tolerance zone is applied to the projection of the considered line on the plane containing the datum and parallel to the considered line.

The axis, projected in a plane containing the datum axis, shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,08 apart which are inclined at a theo-retically exact 60° to the common datum straight line A-B.


17.8.2 Angularity tolerance of a line related to a datum surface The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart and inclined at the specified angle to the datum.

The axis shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,08 apart which are inclined at a theoretically exact 60° to datum plane A.


The tolerance zone is limited by a cylinder of diameter t if the tolerance value is preceded by the symbol Ø. The cylindrical tolerance zone is parallel to a plane perpendicular to the two datums and inclined at the specified angles to the datum system.

The axis shall be within a cylindrical tolerance zone of diameter 0,1 which is parallel to a plane perpendicular to datums A and B and inclined at a theoretically exact 60° to datum plane A.


Issue 4 Page 28(41)



17.8.3 Angularity tolerance of a surface related to a datum line The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart and inclined at the specified angle to the datum.

The surface shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,1 apart which are inclined at a theoretically exact 75° to the datum straight line A.


17.8.4 Angularity tolerance of a surface related to a datum surface The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart and inclined at the specified angle to the datum.

The surface shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,08 apart which are inclined at a theoretically exact 40° to datum plane A.


17.9 Position tolerance

17.9.1 Position tolerance of a point The tolerance zone is limited by a sphere of diameter t if the tolerance value is preceded by the symbol SØ. The centre of the spherical tolerance zone is fixed by theoretically exact dimensions with respect to datums A, B and C.

The centre of the sphere shall be within a spherical zone of diameter 0,3, the centre of which coincides with the theoretically exact position of the sphere with respect to datum planes A, B and C.


Issue 4 Page 29(41)




Issue 4 Page 30(41)


17.9.2 Position tolerance of a line The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel straight lines a distance t apart and symmetrically disposed about the centre line. The centre line is fixed by theoretically exact dimensions with respect to datums A and B. The tolerance is specified in one direction only.

The centre line of each of the scribed lines shall be contained between two parallel straight lines 0,1 apart which are symmetrically disposed about the theoretically exact position of the considered line with respect to datum planes A and B.

25 10 10

0,1 B

A

B

10 10 10

0 1 2 3 4 5

0,4A

6 x


The tolerance zone is limited by two pairs of parallel planes a distance t1 and t2 respectively apart and symmet-ically disposed about the axis. The axis is fixed by theoretically exact dimensions with respect to datums C, A and B. The tolerance is specified in two directions with respect to the datum.

t2

t 2/2

t2/2

Datum A

Datum B

Datum C



Issue 4 Page 31(41)


The axis of each hole shall be contained between two pairs of parallel planes 0,05 and 0,2 apart respectively and perpendicular to datum plane C and to each other. Each pair of parallel planes is symmetrically disposed about the theoretically exact position of the considered hole with respect to datum planes A and B.

30

30 30 30

8 x0,05 C

0,2 C

C

8 x

A B

A B

15

20

B

A Figure 125

The tolerance zone is limited by a cylinder of diameter t if the tolerance value is preceded by the symbol Ø. The axis is fixed by theoretically exact dimensions with respect to datums C, A and B.

The axis shall be contained within a cylindrical zone of diameter 0,08, which is perpendicular to datum plane C and whose axis coincides with the theoretically exact position of the axis of the hole with respect to datum planes A and B.



Issue 4 Page 32(41)


The axis of each of the eight holes shall be contained within a cylindrical zone of diameter 0,4, which is perpen-dicular to datum C and placed in the theoretically exact position with respect to datums A and B.

The axis of each hole shall be contained within a cylindrical zone of diameter 0,1. The tolerance zones shall be placed in the theoretically exact position in relation to each other and perpendicular to datum C.

30

30 30 30

8 xØ 0,4 C

C

A B

15

20

B

A

Ø 0,1 C

Figure 128

17.9.3 Position tolerance of a flat surface or a median plane The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart and symmetrically disposed about the theoretically exact position fixed by the theoretically exact dimensions with respect to datums A and B.

Figure 129


Issue 4 Page 33(41)


The surface shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,05 apart which are symmetrically disposed about the theoretically exact position of the surface with respect to datum plane A and datum straight line B.

The median surface shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,05 apart which are symmetrically disposed about the theoretically exact position of the median plane, with respect to datum straight line A.


17.10 Concentricity and coaxiality tolerance

17.10.1 Concentricity tolerance of a point The tolerance zone is limited by a circle of diameter t; the tolerance value shall be preceded by the symbol Ø. The centre of the circular tolerance zone coincides with the datum point.

The centre of the inner circle shall be within a circle of diameter 0,1 concentric with datum circle A.


17.10.2 Coaxiality tolerance of an axis The tolerance zone is limited by a cylinder of diameter t. The tolerance value shall be preceded by the symbol Ø. The axis of the cylindrical tolerance zone coincides with the datum.


Issue 4 Page 34(41)


Figure 134

The axis of the large cylinder shall be within a cylindrical zone of diameter 0,08, the axis of which is the common datum straight line A-B.

The axis of the large cylinder shall be within a cylindrical zone of diameter 0,1, the axis of which is the datum straight line A (see figure 136). The axis of the large cylinder shall be within a cylindrical zone of diameter 0,1, the axis of which is the datum straight line B perpendicular to datum plane A (see figure 137).


17.11 Symmetry tolerance

17.11.1 Symmetry tolerance of a median plane The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart, symmetrically disposed about the median plane with respect to the datum.

Figure 138

The median surface shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,08 apart which are symmetrically disposed about the datum median plane A.

The median surface shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,08 apart and symmetrically disposed about the common datum median plane A-B.



Issue 4 Page 35(41)


17.12 Circular run-out tolerance

17.12.1 Circular run-out tolerance – radial The tolerance zone is limited within any cross-section perpendicular to the datum axis by two concentric circles with a difference in radii of t, the centres of which coincide with the datum.

Figure 141

The line in any cross-section plane perpendicular to the datum straight line A shall be contained between two coplanar concentric circles with a difference in radii of 0,1 (see figure 142).

The line in any cross-section plane perpendicular to the datum straight line A, in contact with the datum plane B, shall be contained between two coplanar concentric circles with a difference in radii of 0,1 (see figure 143).


The line in any cross-section plane perpendicular to the common datum straight line A-B shall be contained between two coplanar concentric circles with a difference in radii of 0,1.

Figure 144


Issue 4 Page 36(41)


Run-out usually applies to complete features, but could be limited to apply to only a portion of a feature.

The line in any cross-section plane perpendicular to the datum straight line A shall be contained between two coplanar concentric circles with a difference in radii of 0,2.


17.12.2 Circular run-out tolerance – axial The tolerance zone is limited to any radial position by two circles a distance t apart lying in a cylindrical section, the axis of which coincides with the datum.

The line in any cylindrical section, the axis of which coincides with datum straight line D, shall be con-tained between two circles a distance 0,1 apart.


17.12.3 Circular run-out tolerance in any direction The tolerance zone is limited within any conical section by two circles a distance t apart, the axes of which coincide with the datum.

Unless otherwise specified, the measuring direction is perpendicular to the geometry of the surface.


Issue 4 Page 37(41)


Fig 149

The line in any conical section, the axis of which coincides with the datum straight line C, shall be contained between two circles 0,1 apart.

The line in any conical section, the axis of which coincides with the datum straight line C, shall be contained between two circles 0,1 apart.


17.12.4 Circular run-out tolerance in a specified direction The tolerance zone is limited within any conical section of the specified angle by two circles a distance t apart, the axes of which coincide with the datum.

The line in any conical section, the axis of which coincides with datum straight line C, shall be con-tained between two circles 0,1 apart.

Figure 152 Fig 153

17.13 Total run-out tolerance

17.13.1 Total radial run-out tolerance The tolerance zone is limited by two coaxial cylinders with a difference in radii of t, the axes of which coincide with the datum.

The surface shall be contained between two coaxial cylinders with a difference in radii of 0,1 and the axes coincident with the common datum straight line A-B.



Issue 4 Page 38(41)


17.13.2 Total axial run-out tolerance

The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart and perpendicular to the datum.

The surface shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,1 apart which are perpendicular to the datum straight line D.


18 Reference to this standard Reference to this standard on drawings or other engineering design documentation shall be made through a reference standard or directly with the following note:

GEOMETRICAL TOLERANCES STD 112-0003


Issue 4 Page 39(41)


19 Appendix A

19.1 Former practices A.1 This appendix describes former practices that have been omitted and are no longer used. Therefore, it is not an integral of this standard but shall be used for information only.

The following drawing indications were described in ISO 1101-1983. Their use in practice has shown that their interpretation was ambiguous. Therefore, these drawing indications shall no longer be used.

A.2 It was former practice to connect the tolerance frame by a leader line terminating with an arrow directly to the axis or median plane (see figure A.1) or to the common axis or median plane (see figures A.2 and A.3) when the tolerance referred to such feature(s). This was used as an alternative method to the indications shown in figures 12, 13, 14 and 15.

Figure A.1 Figure A.2 Figure A.3

A.3 It was former practice to connect the datum triangle and the datum letter directly to the axis or median plane or to the common axis or median plane (see figure A.4) when the datum referred to such feature(s). This was used as an alternative method to the indication shown in figures 33, 34 and 35.

A

Figure A.4

A.4 It was former practice to indicate datum letters without giving them an order of precedence (see figure A.5). Therefore, it was not possible to clearly distinguish between primary and secondary datums. This was used as an option to the indication shown in figure 38.

AB Figure A.5


Issue 4 Page 40(41)


A.5 It was former practice to connect the tolerance frame directly to the datum feature by a leader line (see figures A.6 and A.7). This was used as an alternative method to the method described in section 8.

0,2

0,2

Figure A.6 Figure A.7

A.6 It was former practice to indicate individual tolerance zones of the same value applied to several separate features as shown in figures A.8 and A.10. This was used as an alternative method to the method described in section 7.4.

A.7 It was former practice to indicate the requirement for common zone by placing the label “Common zone” near the tolerance frame (see figures A.9 and A.10). This was used as an alternative method to the method described in section 7.5.

0,1 3 x A

A A A

Figure A.8

0,1 Common zone

Figure A.9


Issue 4 Page 41(41)


Common zone

A

0,1

3 x A

A A

Figure A.10

Documents

Standard STD 112-0003 - Searching for standard … · Standard STD 112-0003 ... this standard conforms to ISO 1101:2004. ... The standard comprises principles of symbolization and