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SSUSH5 SSUSH5 Explain specific events and Explain specific events and key ideas that brought about the key ideas that brought about the United States Constitution.United States Constitution.

Question of the DayQuestion of the Day

  

During the American Revolution, the Battle of Long During the American Revolution, the Battle of Long IslandIsland

(August 1776) resulted in(August 1776) resulted in A) a British defeat, with Gen. Washington’s forces A) a British defeat, with Gen. Washington’s forces

capturing Gen. Howe.capturing Gen. Howe. B) an American defeat, with Gen. Washington B) an American defeat, with Gen. Washington

becoming a prisoner of war.becoming a prisoner of war. C) a British defeat, with Gen. Washington driving C) a British defeat, with Gen. Washington driving

Cornwallis into the sea.Cornwallis into the sea. D) an American defeat, with Gen. Washington’s D) an American defeat, with Gen. Washington’s

troops retreating to New Jersey.troops retreating to New Jersey.

The United States The United States ConstitutionConstitution

1787 - 17911787 - 1791

The United StatesThe United States Treaty of Paris 1783Treaty of Paris 1783 The 13 Colonies are now The 13 Colonies are now

the United States of the United States of AmericaAmerica

Britain leaves the colonies Britain leaves the colonies alone though they still alone though they still own land in the Northwest own land in the Northwest TerritoryTerritory

1) The new nation now 1) The new nation now needed a needed a governmentgovernment

The The Articles of Articles of Confederation Confederation was the was the first attempt at a first attempt at a governmentgovernment

17811781 It didn’t workIt didn’t work

The Articles of ConfederationThe Articles of Confederation

First American First American Constitution – Constitution – Adopted 1781Adopted 1781

A confederationA confederation ““a friendship” a friendship”

between statesbetween states WEAKWEAK

The Weaknesses of the The Weaknesses of the Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation

A) Congress could not A) Congress could not enact and collect taxesenact and collect taxes

B) Congress could not B) Congress could not regulate interstate or regulate interstate or foreign tradeforeign trade

C) Each state had 1 vote C) Each state had 1 vote regardless of regardless of populationpopulation

D) Articles could be D) Articles could be amended (changed) amended (changed) only if all states only if all states approvedapproved

There was no executive There was no executive branch to enforce lawsbranch to enforce laws

There was no national There was no national court systemcourt system

13 states lacked unity13 states lacked unity

The Need for a Strong Central The Need for a Strong Central Gov’t RevealedGov’t Revealed

3) Shays’ Rebellion3) Shays’ Rebellion 4) Daniel Shays4) Daniel Shays An angry Revolutionary An angry Revolutionary

War VeteranWar Veteran In heavy debt and faced In heavy debt and faced

prisonprison All the states were in All the states were in

debt and had no way to debt and had no way to fix itfix it

Federal Government – Federal Government – Needed more powerNeeded more power

A convention was called A convention was called to revise the Articles…to revise the Articles…

The Constitutional ConventionThe Constitutional ConventionPhiladelphia, PA - 1787Philadelphia, PA - 1787

The Making of the The Making of the ConstitutionConstitution

5) George Washington5) George Washington led the Conventionled the Convention

6) James Madison6) James Madison was was also present (pictured)also present (pictured)

7) A strong central 7) A strong central government was government was neededneeded

Large states vs. small Large states vs. small statesstates

8) Large states 8) Large states wanted wanted representation to be representation to be based on population.based on population.

Small states wanted Small states wanted every state to have every state to have equal say.equal say.

Ben Franklin and Ben Franklin and George WashingtonGeorge Washington

The Purpose of the The Purpose of the ConstitutionConstitution

Provide a framework for Provide a framework for American GovernmentAmerican Government

Created a strong, Created a strong, central, national central, national governmentgovernment

The Highest Authority in The Highest Authority in the United Statesthe United States

Law of the land (basic Law of the land (basic law)law)

All powers of All powers of government come from government come from itit

The Great CompromiseThe Great Compromise Roger ShermanRoger Sherman Came up with a Came up with a

compromise for both compromise for both large and small stateslarge and small states

9) Great Compromise9) Great Compromise 10) House of 10) House of

Representatives – Representatives – based on based on populationpopulation

Senate – Every state Senate – Every state was equalwas equal

The ConstitutionThe Constitution

Slavery in the ConstitutionSlavery in the Constitution 11) 11) SlaverySlavery was an was an

unfortunate part of unfortunate part of our Constitutionour Constitution

3/5 Compromise3/5 Compromise 3/5 of a states 3/5 of a states

slaves are counted slaves are counted as populationas population

12) By 1808, the 12) By 1808, the slave trade would slave trade would be outlawedbe outlawed

The Structure of the The Structure of the United States GovernmentUnited States Government

1) A 1) A limited limited governmentgovernment

Separation of Separation of PowersPowers

checks and balanceschecks and balances 2) Legislative Branch – 2) Legislative Branch –

makes lawsmakes laws Executive Branch – Executive Branch –

carries out the lawscarries out the laws Judicial Branch – Judicial Branch –

interprets and interprets and reviews the lawsreviews the laws

The Great DebateThe Great Debate 1) After being written, the new 1) After being written, the new

Constitution had to be Constitution had to be ratifiedratified..

2) Federalists2) Federalists – supported it – supported it A strong, central, national A strong, central, national

government that would keep government that would keep states togetherstates together

3) Anti-Federalists 3) Anti-Federalists – did not – did not support itsupport it

They felt it lacked rights for They felt it lacked rights for the the statesstates and and individualsindividuals

4) Alexander Hamilton4) Alexander Hamilton – a – a huge supporter of the huge supporter of the ConstitutionConstitution

Federalist PapersFederalist Papers

Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton

The First Amendment:The First Amendment:Civil LibertiesCivil Liberties

1) The 1) The Bill of RightsBill of Rights 2) Individual freedoms 2) Individual freedoms

and civil liberties for US and civil liberties for US citizens.citizens.

3) 3) 17891789 5 basic freedoms5 basic freedoms Freedom of ReligionFreedom of Religion Freedom of SpeechFreedom of Speech Freedom of PressFreedom of Press Freedom of AssemblyFreedom of Assembly Freedom of PetitionFreedom of Petition 4) James Madison4) James Madison First 10 amendmentsFirst 10 amendments

5) 5) The Whiskey Rebellion The Whiskey Rebellion - - 17941794

Took place during Took place during Washington’s termWashington’s term

Congress put a tax on Congress put a tax on Whiskey in 1794Whiskey in 1794

Caused an uprising Caused an uprising 6) It proved the 6) It proved the

new government new government worked.worked.

Federal troops led by Federal troops led by Washington and Washington and Hamilton dispersed Hamilton dispersed the rebellionthe rebellion

The First Amendment:The First Amendment:Civil LibertiesCivil Liberties

Freedom of Freedom of religion, religion, speech, press, speech, press, petition, and petition, and assemblyassembly

The Second Amendment:The Second Amendment:The Right to Bear ArmsThe Right to Bear Arms

The right to The right to keep and bear keep and bear armsarms

Third Amendment:Third Amendment:Housing SoldiersHousing Soldiers

Freedom from Freedom from quartering quartering troops in troops in homeshomes

Fourth Amendment:Fourth Amendment:Search and SeizureSearch and Seizure

Freedom from Freedom from unreasonable unreasonable searches and searches and seizures; search seizures; search warrants neededwarrants needed

The Fifth Amendment:The Fifth Amendment:Due ProcessDue Process

Rights of the accused, Rights of the accused, no “double jeopardy”, no “double jeopardy”, right to remain silent, right to remain silent, due process of law, due process of law, eminent domaineminent domain

The Sixth Amendment:The Sixth Amendment:Fair and Speedy TrialFair and Speedy Trial

Right to a speedy Right to a speedy and public trial by and public trial by jury, be informed jury, be informed of charges, of charges, confront witnesses, confront witnesses, and have an and have an attorneyattorney

The Seventh Amendment:The Seventh Amendment:Civil SuitsCivil Suits

Right to a trial Right to a trial by jury in civil by jury in civil law suitslaw suits

Eighth Amendment:Eighth Amendment:BailBail

Freedom from Freedom from excessive bail excessive bail and cruel and and cruel and unusual unusual punishmentspunishments

Ninth Amendment:Ninth Amendment:The Catch-allThe Catch-all

States that rights States that rights not listed in the not listed in the Constitution are Constitution are given to the people given to the people alsoalso

The 10The 10thth Amendment: Amendment:FederalismFederalism

Powers not given Powers not given to the Federal gov’t to the Federal gov’t by the Constitution by the Constitution belong to the belong to the people and the people and the statesstates

Study Guides So Far…Study Guides So Far…

1) French-Indian War / Colonial 1) French-Indian War / Colonial UnrestUnrest

2) American Revolution2) American Revolution3) American Revolution Part II3) American Revolution Part II4) Constitution4) Constitution