Chapter 5 Chapter 5 The Constitution of the United The Constitution of the United

StatesStates

Read p. 148 - 149 & answer Read p. 148 - 149 & answer the following questions as you the following questions as you

read:read:1.1. Why was Daniel Shays angry after the Why was Daniel Shays angry after the

Revolutionary War? Revolutionary War? 2.2. When did Shays Rebellion begin? When did Shays Rebellion begin? 3.3. Why was the new nation’s reputation Why was the new nation’s reputation

at risk because of Shays Rebellion?at risk because of Shays Rebellion?4.4. Why were severe limits placed on the Why were severe limits placed on the

new U.S. government?new U.S. government?5.5. What happened to the U.S. What happened to the U.S.

government as a result of Shays government as a result of Shays Rebellion? Rebellion?

Chp. 5 Essential QuestionsChp. 5 Essential Questions

Explain how weaknesses in the Articles of Explain how weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation and the rebellion led by Confederation and the rebellion led by Daniel Shays led to a call for a stronger Daniel Shays led to a call for a stronger central government. central government.

How has the interpretation of the How has the interpretation of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights changed Constitution and the Bill of Rights changed in order to protect liberty and order in in order to protect liberty and order in American society?American society?

What are the major ideas (rights of the individual, What are the major ideas (rights of the individual, popular sovereignty, majority rule, and minority popular sovereignty, majority rule, and minority rights) in the Constitution and Bill of Rights? rights) in the Constitution and Bill of Rights?

Section 1Section 1

The war is over, what next? The war is over, what next?

What war have the Americans just What war have the Americans just won? won?

Revolutionary WarRevolutionary War How will the new nation be run?How will the new nation be run? What kind of government will it What kind of government will it

have?have? A republic or a democracy? A republic or a democracy?

Creating a new GovernmentCreating a new Government

Why was the task of creating a new Why was the task of creating a new gov’t a great challenge? gov’t a great challenge?

The relationship between new states The relationship between new states and the national gov’t was hard to and the national gov’t was hard to define. define.

Colonies into statesColonies into states

Each individual colony had its own Each individual colony had its own governor, counsel, & assembly. governor, counsel, & assembly.

People thought of each colony as a People thought of each colony as a distinct, self-governing political unit.distinct, self-governing political unit.

Prior to the Revolutionary War, none Prior to the Revolutionary War, none of the colonies closely identified with of the colonies closely identified with the others. the others.

Democracy vs. RepublicDemocracy vs. Republic

What is a What is a DemocracyDemocracy??- Government Government directlydirectly by the people. by the people. What is a What is a RepublicRepublic??- Government in which citizens rule Government in which citizens rule

through elected officials. through elected officials. Does the United States, have a Does the United States, have a

republic or a democracy today? republic or a democracy today?

Why did many 18Why did many 18thth century century Americans prefer a republic and not Americans prefer a republic and not support a direct democracy? support a direct democracy?

They believed it would put too much They believed it would put too much power in the hands of the power in the hands of the uneducated, lower class. uneducated, lower class.

Continental CongressContinental Congress

The goal of the Continental Congress The goal of the Continental Congress was to draft a national constitution was to draft a national constitution that each state would have to follow. that each state would have to follow.

There were lots of disagreements There were lots of disagreements over the role of the new national over the role of the new national government. government.

Three concerns of the Three concerns of the Continental CongressContinental Congress

Representation by population or by state?Representation by population or by state?- Each state had a different size, wealth & Each state had a different size, wealth &

population.population.

Can supreme power be divided?Can supreme power be divided? - New nation must balance concerns of state and New nation must balance concerns of state and

national governments to be successful.national governments to be successful.

Who has rightful claim to western lands?Who has rightful claim to western lands?- What would happen to land west of Appalachian What would happen to land west of Appalachian

Mountains? Mountains?

Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation

Proposed by Congress at Proposed by Congress at Constitutional Convention Constitutional Convention

Set the rules for the first government Set the rules for the first government of the United States.of the United States.

Two levels of government with Two levels of government with shared powers. shared powers.

States had certain powers not given States had certain powers not given to federal government & vice versa. to federal government & vice versa.

Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation Powers granted to national government:Powers granted to national government:- Declare warDeclare war- Make peace/sign treaties Make peace/sign treaties - Coin moneyCoin money- Est. a postal service Est. a postal service - Deal with Native Americans Deal with Native Americans

Major problem with Articles of Confederation?Major problem with Articles of Confederation? No way to carry out & enforce laws of No way to carry out & enforce laws of

congress.congress.

Western Lands Western Lands

Where are they located?Where are they located? What states occupy these lands today?What states occupy these lands today?

Land Ordinance of 1785:Land Ordinance of 1785:- Est. a plan for surveying the western landsEst. a plan for surveying the western lands

Northwest Ordinance of 1787:Northwest Ordinance of 1787:

- Provides procedure to divide land into - Provides procedure to divide land into territories territories

More Problems With More Problems With Confederation Confederation

The United States lacked national unity The United States lacked national unity under the Articles of Confederation.under the Articles of Confederation.

There was no way to enforce every law There was no way to enforce every law passed by the new congress. passed by the new congress.

Each state was looking out for its own Each state was looking out for its own interests rather than cooperating a whole interests rather than cooperating a whole nation. nation.

What power did Congress not have? What power did Congress not have? Congress was not able to collect taxes to Congress was not able to collect taxes to

pay off debts. pay off debts.

Why did the United States want to Why did the United States want to avoid creating a strong national avoid creating a strong national government after the Revolutionary government after the Revolutionary War? War?

What problems could arise in a nation What problems could arise in a nation where the states, not the national where the states, not the national government hold supreme power? government hold supreme power?

Interstate Trade ConventionInterstate Trade ConventionThe Annapolis ConventionThe Annapolis Convention

What two leaders called this meeting? What two leaders called this meeting?

- James Madison & Alexander Hamilton James Madison & Alexander Hamilton

This meeting led to the convention that This meeting led to the convention that was supposed to modify the Articles of was supposed to modify the Articles of Confederation. Confederation.

- What happened to the Articles of What happened to the Articles of Confederation at this convention? Confederation at this convention?

- The Articles of Confederation is abandoned.The Articles of Confederation is abandoned.

Shays’ RebellionShays’ Rebellion

Led by Daniel Shays Led by Daniel Shays Veteran of Revolutionary War who Veteran of Revolutionary War who

had acquired a large debthad acquired a large debt Led an angry mob in protest against Led an angry mob in protest against

the Massachusetts state government.the Massachusetts state government. Government could not quickly put Government could not quickly put

down rebellion.down rebellion. It was apparent that a strong It was apparent that a strong

national government was needed. national government was needed.

Section 2 Section 2

Conflict Leads to CompromiseConflict Leads to Compromise Constitutional ConventionConstitutional Convention

The Articles of Confederation is The Articles of Confederation is abandoned. abandoned.

The United states will have a new The United states will have a new government based on the Constitution that government based on the Constitution that is produced from this convention. is produced from this convention.

Main conflicts at the Constitutional Main conflicts at the Constitutional ConventionConvention::

1.1. Big States vs. Small StatesBig States vs. Small States

2.2. Slavery Slavery

The Great CompromiseThe Great Compromise

How to give fair representation to big and How to give fair representation to big and small states?small states?

- VA planVA plan- NJ planNJ plan Great CompromiseGreat Compromise proposed a two house proposed a two house

congress that would give equal powers to congress that would give equal powers to large and small states. large and small states.

One house with representation by One house with representation by population, one house with equal population, one house with equal representation based on statehood representation based on statehood

Three Fifths CompromiseThree Fifths Compromise Use p. 153 to answer the following questionsUse p. 153 to answer the following questions Should slaves be counted as full Should slaves be counted as full

people in the population? people in the population? What region said yes? - Why? What region said yes? - Why? What region said no? - Why? What region said no? - Why? More people the more representatives More people the more representatives

in the lower house of the government.in the lower house of the government. Count slaves as 3/5 of a person. Count slaves as 3/5 of a person. How did this temporarily settle the How did this temporarily settle the

political issue of slavery?political issue of slavery?

Creating a New Government Creating a New Government FederalismFederalism

Divides power between federal and state Divides power between federal and state governments. governments.

Powers granted to federal government:Powers granted to federal government:- National defense, foreign affairs, coin National defense, foreign affairs, coin

money, relegate trade, collect taxesmoney, relegate trade, collect taxes

Powers granted to state government:Powers granted to state government:- Supervise education, est. marriage laws, - Supervise education, est. marriage laws,

trade between statestrade between states

Section 3 Section 3

Ratifying the ConstitutionRatifying the Constitution

It would take 9 of the 13 states to It would take 9 of the 13 states to ratify (approve) the new Constitution. ratify (approve) the new Constitution.

How long did it take the convention How long did it take the convention to develop the new document? to develop the new document?

What was the reaction of the What was the reaction of the American people? American people?

Federalists and Antifederalists Federalists and Antifederalists Controversy over the ConstitutionControversy over the Constitution

Supporters of the Constitution were called?Supporters of the Constitution were called?

- FederalistsFederalists - James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, George James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, George

Washington, John Adams Washington, John Adams

Opponents of the Constitution were called?Opponents of the Constitution were called?

- Anti-Federalists Anti-Federalists - Patrick Henry & Samuel Adams Patrick Henry & Samuel Adams

Federalists vs. Anti-FederalistsFederalists vs. Anti-Federalists

FederalistsFederalists - Favored new Favored new

Constitutions Constitutions balance b/w states balance b/w states & national gov’t & national gov’t

- What would protect What would protect Americans from Americans from tyranny? tyranny?

- Checks & BalancesChecks & Balances

Anti-FederalistsAnti-Federalists - Opposed to having Opposed to having

a strong central a strong central gov’tgov’t

- Constitution did Constitution did not include specific not include specific protections for protections for individual rightsindividual rights

- What would be What would be included to protect included to protect individual rights? individual rights?

Ratification of the ConstitutionRatification of the Constitution

How many states were needed to ratify How many states were needed to ratify the Constitution? the Constitution?

- 9 of 13 states (three fourths)9 of 13 states (three fourths)- Did all thirteen original states ratify the Did all thirteen original states ratify the

constitution? constitution?

How many are needed to amend the How many are needed to amend the Constitution today?Constitution today?

- 3/4 of the 50 states3/4 of the 50 states

The Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights

Which group thought the Bill of Which group thought the Bill of Rights was necessary?Rights was necessary?

- Anti-FederalistsAnti-Federalists

Why? Why? - Because Constitution weakened Because Constitution weakened

states and did not explicitly protect states and did not explicitly protect individual rights.individual rights.

Bill of Rights Bill of Rights 1.1. Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and

petition.petition.

2.2. Right to keep and bear armsRight to keep and bear arms

3.3. No quartering of soldiers.No quartering of soldiers.

4.4. Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures.Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures.

5.5. Right to due process of law, freedom from self-Right to due process of law, freedom from self-incrimination, double jeopardy.incrimination, double jeopardy.

6.6. Rights of accused persons, e.g., right to a speedy Rights of accused persons, e.g., right to a speedy and public trial.and public trial.

7.7. Rights of accused persons, e.g., right to a speedy Rights of accused persons, e.g., right to a speedy and public trial.and public trial.

8.8. Freedom from excessive bail, cruel and unusual Freedom from excessive bail, cruel and unusual punishmentspunishments

9.9. Other rights of the people. Other rights of the people.

10.10. Powers reserved to the states.Powers reserved to the states.