Standard Grade PE RevisionStandard Grade PE Revision

Skills and TechniquesSkills and Techniques

Brannock High SchoolBrannock High School

SKILL this tells us about the purpose of the

movement

TECHNIQUE the way in which you perform a skill in an activity

SKILLS AND TECHNIQUESSKILLS AND TECHNIQUES

Shooting Lay Up Shot Set Shot Jump Shot

(Basketball)

Serving Float Serve Jump Serve Underarm

(Volleyball) Serve

Rolling Forward Roll Backward Roll Circle Roll

(Gymnastics)

Copy and complete the following table into your jotter………………………

Activity Skill Technique 1 Technique 2

Football Shooting

Rugby Passing

Gymnastics Balance

Badminton Clear

Volleyball Pass

SKILLS AND TECHNIQUESSKILLS AND TECHNIQUES

Some skills are easier to perform than others.

Decide which of the skills above is easier to perform. The arabesque balance on the left, or the back flip on the right. Discuss with your partner why this skill is easier…………………

Decide which of the techniques above is easier to perform. The standing serve on the left, or the jump serve on the right. Discuss with your partner why this technique is easier…………………

There are many reasons why some skills are more complex than others…..

• Few subroutines

• Physically undemanding

• Little co-ordination needed

• Few Judgements to be made

• Simple order of movements

• Only one movement at a time

• Easy environment (e.g. good conditions, no opposition)

• Many subroutines

• Physically demanding

• Co-ordination vital

• Many Judgements to be made

• Complicated order of movements

• Many movements at same time

• Difficult environment (e.g. poor conditions, full opposition)

For each of the activities below, write down one easy skill and one complex skill.

Breaking Down Skills

When you are learning skills, it may be easier to learn and develop them if you break them into three stages:

Prepares the performer for action

The action part of the performance

The recovery part of the performance

Lets look at an example from tennis:

Preparation Stage

• toss up of ball

• pull back of racket

Action Stage

• throw up of racket

• strike ball above head

Recovery Stage

• follow through in direction of ball

• return to centre of court to be ready for

next shot

For each of the skills below, write down what you would do in the preparation, action and recovery stages.

1. Basketball Lay Up

2. Volleyball Dig Pass

3. Headstand in Gymnastics

If you want to develop or practice skills, there are two methods of skill development that you can use…………

Whole Part WholeWhole Part Whole

This method of skill development involves performing the whole skill, then taking a small part of this skill and practising it to make it better, then performing the whole skill again.

Gradual Build UpGradual Build Up

This method of skill development involves developing the skill you are learning in progressive steps, each becoming harder, until you eventually are able to perform the skill.

WHOLE PART WHOLEWHOLE PART WHOLE

Let’s look at an example of skill development using the whole-part-whole method in Swimming

1. I swam four lengths of the pool using front crawl

2. I then decided that I needed to work on the leg action so I swam four lengths of the pool just using my legs, with a float in front.

3. I then put my improved leg action into swimming the whole front crawl again, swimming four lengths.

Above is an example of the whole part whole method of training, where while watching the performance of the front crawl, it has been identified that there is a weakness in the leg action. This has been taken out and worked on, then put back into the full stroke again, for a more successful performance

Choose a different activity and a skill from that activity where you have used the whole-part-whole method of skill development to improve this skill. Write down in each of the areas, what you did………..

1. Whole Skill

2. Part of Skill

3. Whole Skill

GRADUAL BUILD UPGRADUAL BUILD UP

Let’s look at an example of skill development using the Gradual Build Up method in the javelin in athletics

1. Shadow the movement, without javelin, from standing

2. Standing action, with javelin, but only throw 1metre

3. Standing throw with javelin

4. Add in step/cross/throw with javelin

5. Add in run up with javelin (full skill)

Above is an example of the gradual build up method of training, where the skill is started off at it’s simplest level and built up in progressive stages – only moving onto the next stage when the previous one has been mastered.

Choose a different activity and a skill from that activity where you have used the gradual build up method of skill development to improve this skill. Write down in each of the stages, what you did………..

Deciding whether to use the whole-part-whole or gradual build up methods of skill development when learning a skill will depend on the nature of the skill. The reasons why you would use them are:

Learning Skills – Methods of Practice

During your PE lessons, your teacher will have done many different types of practices to help you learn a new skill. There are many practices that you can use when teaching/learning a new skill:

Shadow Practice Repetition Drills

Opposed/Unopposed

Small Sided Games

Conditioned Games

Pick an activity and a skill/technique from this activity. Design a training session with three progressive practices using the Gradual Build Up method of skill development, and using the methods of practice described previously.

For each practice, describe, in detail, what you did.

Learning Skills – Principles of Practice

When you are learning new skills, there are certain factors that you need to consider to ensure that your practice session is successful. These are called principles of practice. These are:

• Work/Rest Ratio making sure that you give yourself enough recovery time during/after practice

• Progression making sure that your practices gradually get harder in order to improve

• Motivation making sure you have a high level of desire to succeed

• Concentration making sure that you are focussed on the task that you wish to complete

• Feedback making sure you receive information on your performance from either your coach /teacher

(external) or by how you feel (internal)

Pick two principles of practice. From the training session you described previously, write down how you incorporated these principles into your training session to ensure that you were practising effectively.

Feedback

When practising new skills, it’s important that you receive feedback on how successful you are. Feedback is information received by a performer about their performance. There are two types of feedback:

External Feedback

Feedback that is given from an outside source. For example:

• From coach/teacher (verbal)

• Skills Checklist/Knowledge of Results (written)

• Video Analysis (visual)

Internal Feedback

This allows the performer to gain information about her performance through how she feels. This is sometimes called kinaesthetic feedback. For example, a Basketball player will gain a “feel” when he shoots as to whether the shot is on target.

Feedback

For feedback to be effective, it needs to be POSITIVE. Positive feedback focuses on what you did well and suggests how further improvement can be made.

Positive feedback must be PRECISE and ACCURATE.

It must be given AS SOON AS POSSIBLE after the activity or part of the game.

Section 6 – Skills and TechniquesSection 6 – Skills and Techniques CompletedCompleted

To finish this section, you will be given a work To finish this section, you will be given a work sheet to complete as homework. Use your notes to sheet to complete as homework. Use your notes to help you with the answers. If you need help with a help you with the answers. If you need help with a question, you can look up the Standard Grade question, you can look up the Standard Grade book or ask you teacher.book or ask you teacher.

If you have access to the internet, you can also If you have access to the internet, you can also find help on the Bitesize websitefind help on the Bitesize website

http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/scotland/pehttp://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/scotland/pe