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GCSE PE REVISION
• INFLUENCES ON A PERSONS INVOLVEMENT IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ARE….
1. Cultural2. Health and Well-being3. Image4. People5. Socio-economic
6. Resources
GOVERNMENT INITIAIVES
• aim- Increase opportunities for 5-16 year olds
• Strengthens links between schools and local sports clubs
• Development of the school sports partnership
PESSCL ( PE School Sport and Club Links)
GCSE PE REVISION
state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”
The ability to meet the demands of the environment
Planned, structured and repeated body movements done to improve one or more components of physical fitness
FITNESS
HEALTH
EXERCISE
GCSE PE REVISIONQUESTION TIME
If you are physically fit does this mean that you are healthy? Explain your answer
WON THE TOUR DE FRANCE 7 TIMES IN A
ROW!
GCSE PE REVISION HEALTH RELATED
Cardiovascular fitness
Muscular Strength
Muscular Endurance
Flexibility
Body Composition
SKILL RELATED
Power
Coordination
Reaction time
Agility
Balance
Speed
Principles of Training
SPECIFICITY
PROGRESSIVE OVERLOAD
REST AND RECOVERY
INDIVIDUAL NEEDS
sPO
R
I
FITT
Threshold
• * Increasing the amount of physical work you do in order to increase your fitness
• * Similar to progressive overload, however it gives a clear guideline for safe working levels (provided the individual is healthy)
• * Suggested that the average performer should train between 60 and 80 per cent of their maximum heart rate
• How do we work out maximum heart rate?0-10 minutes 10-20 minutes 20-30 minutes 30-40 minutes 40-50 minutes0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
At what point in the training session was the athlete working at threshold ?
Threshold
GCSE PE REVISION
Methods of training
CIRCUIT
WEIGHT TRAININGCONTINUOUS
FARTLEK
INTERVAL
CROSS TRAINING
Components of a Healthy DietTASK: unscramble the words below:
1. CSAERTBOHDRAY
2.EIPRONT
3.TAF4. MIVITNSA
5. MINRAELS
6. TEWRA
7. BFIER
Components of a Healthy DietThe answers….
1. CARBOHYDRATES
2.PROTEIN
3.FAT4. VITAMINS
5. MINERALS
6. WATER
7. FIBRE
GCSE PE REVISION
MACRO NUTRIETS
• Needed in large amounts in your diet
• CHO, fat, protein
MICRO NUTRIENTS
• Needed in small amounts
• Vitamins and minerals
TIMING OF DIETARY INTAKE
VASCULAR SHUNT MECHANISM
• When you exercise blood is needed at the muscles
• The vascular shunt mechanism is where the blood vessels contract at places where the blood is not needed so readily to force the blood ( shunt it) to places it is needed like your muscles during exercise and your digestive system when you have just eaten
• You get a stitch as a result of not leaving enough time between eating and doing physical activity as not enough blood goes to the digestive system as it is needed more readily at the muscles
SOMATOTYPESECTOMORPH
• Tall• Thin• Narrow shoulders
and hips
• Example athletes: high jumpers, long distance runners
MESOMORPH
• Muscular physique• Wide shoulders,
narrow hips
• Example athletes: Sprinters, swimming, rowing
ENDOMORPH
Short Dumpy Narrow shoulders,
wide hips
Example athlete: sumo wrestlers
OPTIMUM WEIGHT• The ideal weight for different types of athletes will depend on the demands of
their sport.
Why will the below 2 athletes need to differ in weight?
GCSE PE REVISION
DRUGS
TYPE OF DRUG EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE SIDE EFFECT
ANABOLIC STEROIDS Increase muscle mass Increases blood pressure
BETA BLOCKERS Lower heart rate-calming effect Lowers heart rate to dangerous levels
STIMULANTS Increases alertness Insomnia, high blood pressure
DIURETICS Increase rate of urination- lose weight faster. Masking agent
Dehydration
EPO (PEPTIDE HORMONES) Increase no of red blood cells- increases body capacity to carry
oxygen
Increased risk of blood clots
NARCOTIC ANALGESICS Reduce the feeling of pain Make injuries worse
RECREATIONAL DRUGS Variety of effects:Alcohol can calm and nicotine can increase alertness as can
caffeine
Increased risk of cancer. Alcohol and caffeine can
cause dehydration
GCSE PE REVISIONCARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Key terms:KEY TERM EXPLANATION
Heart Rate Number of times the heart beats per minute
Stroke Volume The amount of blood ejected from the heart per beat
Cardiac Output The amount of blood ejected from the heart per minute
Blood pressure Force exerted by the circulatory blood against the blood vessel walls
Cholesterol Fatty substance carried in the blood by lipoproteins which comes in 2 forms
(HDL/LDL)
GCSE PE REVISIONCARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
IMMEDIATE EFFECTS
LONG TERM EFFECTS
HEALTH EFFECTS
Increased working heart rate
Cardiac Hypertrophy Healthier arteries and veins
Increased blood pressure
Lower resting heart rate Reduced chance of CHD
Increased stroke volume Quicker recovery rate Increases HDL and lowers LDL
Increased cardiac output
Lower blood pressure at rest
Lower blood pressure= lower chance of angina,
strokes etcVascular shunting of
blood to working muscles
GCSE PE REVISIONCARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
SMOKING• Increases Heart rate• Reduces the amount of HDL
In the blood• Increases the tendency for
the blood to clot
ALCOHOL
• Chronic alcohol can cause hypertension
• Damage the heart tissue
GCSE PE REVISIONRESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Key terms:KEY TERM EXPLANATION
ALVEOLI Air sacs where gaseous exchange take place
TIDAL VOLUME The amount of air expired and inhaled with each normal breath
VITAL CAPACITY The amount of air that can pass in and out of the lungs through maximum
inhalation and exhalationOXYGEN DEBT The extra oxygen consumed during
recovery compared to that consumed at rest
GCSE PE REVISIONRESPIRATORY SYSTEM
IMMEDIATE EFFECTS
LONG TERM EFFECTS
HEALTH EFFECTS
Increased Breathing rate Improved efficiency of the lungs
Increased depth of breathing
More alveoli become available for gaseous
exchangeOxygen debt created if working anerobically
GCSE PE REVISIONRESPIRATORY SYSTEM
SMOKING• Damages the alveoli
• Cause lung cancer due to build up of tar
GCSE PE REVISIONMuscular system
DELTOIDS
TRAPEZIUS
TRICEPS
LATISSIUMUS DORSI
HAMSTRINGS
GASTROCNEMIUS
PECTORALS
BICEPS
ABDOMINALS
QUADRICEPS GLUTEALS
GCSE PE REVISIONMuscular System
JOINT MOVEMENTS:MOVEMENT EXPLANATION
FLEXION Angle at the joint is getting smaller
EXTENSION Angle at the joint is getting bigger
ABDUCTION Movement away from the body
ADDUCTION Movement towards the body
ROTATION Movement around the joint
PLANTAR FLEXION Pointing toes downwards
DORSI FLEXION Toes pointing upwards
GCSE PE REVISIONMUSCULAR SYSTEM
How muscles work:Muscles work in pairs. One muscle contracts (AGONIST) While the other
relaxes (antagonist) Together they are known as an ANTAGONISTIC PAIR
AGONIST ANTAGONIST
BICEP
QUADRICEP
PECTORALS
DELTOIDS
IMMEDIATE AND LONG TERM EFFECTS ON THE MUSCLULAR SYSTEMIMMEDIATE/SHORT TERM
EFFECTS LONG TERM EFFECTS
LACTIC ACID MAY BUILD UP IF WORKING ANEROBICALLY
INCREASE IN MUSCLE SIZE- HYPERTROPHY
INCREASE IN FUEL DEMAND- GLYGOGEN
INCREASE IN MUSCULAR STRENGTH/ENDURANCE
FATIGUE INCREASE IN POWER
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON
MovementProvides muscles an attachment to allow
movement.
Shape & SupportDetermines whether we
are short or tall.It keeps us upright
ProtectionSome bones protect
internal organs.
SKELETAL SYSTEM
TYPES OF JOINTS: BALL AND SOCKET
• ALLOW THE BONE TO MOVE ROUND A 360 DEGREE ANGLE
•ALLOWS FLEXION, EXTENNSION, ABDUCTION, ADDUCTION AND
ROTATION
• EXAMPLES= SHOULDER JOINT AND HIP JOINT
SKELETAL SYSTEM
TYPES OF JOINTS: HINGE
•ALLOW MOVEMENT BACKWARD AND FORWARD
• (FLEXION AND EXTENSION)
•EXAMPLES= KNEE JOINT, ELBOW JOINT, FINGERS
SKELETAL SYSTEM
LONG TERM EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
1.Increased bone density2.Stronger ligaments and tendons
MOST BENEFICIAL TYPE OF EXERCISE= WEIGHT BEARING
EXAM TIPS• READ THE QUESTION AT LEAST TWICE AND UNDERLINE THE KEY PARTS OF
THE QUESTION
• DO NOT ABREVIATE- IE QUADS
• FOR THE 6 MARK QUESTIONS WRITE A PLAN AND THINK ABOUT STRUCTURE IE START WITH AN INTRO IF POSSIBLE. REMEMBER SPELLING AND GRAMMAR COUNT
• DO NOT LEAVE ANY BLANKS!
• CHECK HOW MANY MARKS THE QUESTION IS WORTH.THIS WILL HELP YOU TO KNOW HOW MANY DIFFERENT POINTS ARE NEEDED.
• LOOK FOR THE BUZZ WORD IE INFLUENCES/ROLES/BENEFITS,JOINT ACTION