Stage III: Production of enquiry study reportls.hkep.com/nssls/teacher/sources/sba_c5_01_step03_E.pdf · sessions and etend the duration of physical education lessons ... Council

2.Dataorganization

Completion of data collection does not mean that you can proceed with the study report right away. It is because these data are usually incomplete bits and pieces, which are not useful until being organized systematically according to the objectives of study. Data collected through different means should be handled in different ways, for example:

Organization of data from questionnaires:

• Exclude any invalid or blank questionnaire and calculate the total amount of respondents choosing each option in each question.

• If the question is in the form of multiple-choice, compile the overall data. If the question is open-ended, organize and induce the text. In the process of data analysis, the former form of question would enable easy presentation of data in the form of charts, while the latter form of question would be suitable for textual summary.

After that, link up the data meaningfully and bring out the main points and central ideas of the data in your words by means of comparison, contrast, summarization, induction, etc. It would be desirable to illustrate with the aid of concept maps, tables, etc.

Stage III: Production of enquiry study report

1.Dataanalysis

Analysis of the data collected can reveal the situation and nature of a certain phenomenon (such as its pattern of distribution and generality) or explain the relationship between certain phenomena (such as their causal relationship). This is a critical step of enquiry studies. At this stage, students should notice the following points:

• Appropriate methods should be used for data analysis. It should be done in a way to answer or address the focusing questions raised.

• Demonstrate, analyze or explore your findings from different perspectives.

• If certain information is lacking or missing, search for it as soon as possible.

Students should complete the worksheets below so that they can learn the skills needed for the enquiry study.

Worksheet 2:Analysisofdatafromquestionnairesurvey

Objective of assignment:Learntousechartstoorganizethedatacollectedfromquestionnairesandanalyzethenatureand trendsof thephenomenonunderstudyasdemonstrated in thegraphs

Worksheet 3:Can thegovernment’shealthmeasures improve thesituationofchildhoodobesity? (Data-responseworksheet)

Objective of assignment: Learntoanalyzedatathroughthedata-responseworksheet

Worksheet 4: Inductionofmainpoints–productionofaconceptmap

Objective of assignment:Learntouseconceptmapstoorganizecollectedandanalyzeddataandusethemastheframeworkoftheenquirystudyreport

Public Health: Topic: Lifestyle diseases 167

1. Numberofquestionnairessuccessfullycollected:

2. Surveyresults(Statisticalchartslikebarchart,linechartorpiechartcanbeusedtopresentthesurveyresults.)

Survey Results for the questionnaire on ‘The situation of childhood obesity in Hong Kong’

Example:

Worksheet 2Analysis of data from questionnaire survey

SchoolName:

StudentName: Class:

SupervisingTeacher: SubmissionDate:

Based on the results of the collected questionnaires, follow the instructions below to produce a chart and draw a conclusion in words.

Question 2:That ‘Hong Kong’s students are getting more and more obese’ is a problem of wide concern in recent years. Have you ever heard of it?

Yes No

No. of respondents 54 6

Percentage 90% 10%

Yes

90%

No

10%

Question1:

168 School-based Assessment Resources Pack

Question3:

Question4:

Question2:


Question5:

Question6:

3. DataAnalysis (Usethestatisticalchartsof thesurveyresults toanalyzetheproportionsofvariousresponsesandthe

trendsinferred.)

Example: The data of Question 2 show that the number of respondents who have heard of the problem about ‘Hong Kong’s students getting more and more obese’ is greater than / smaller than / similar to the number of those who have never heard of it.

ThedataofQuestion1showthat


The data of Question 2 show that





Other:

4. Do you think that the above results coincide with the information you collected about ‘the situation of childhood obesity in Hong Kong’ and ‘the effects of obesity on the bodies and minds of students?


Worksheet 3Can the government’s health measures improve the situation

of childhood obesity? (Data-response worksheet)

SchoolName:

StudentName: Class:


Read the following information about the obesity problem of Hong Kong’s students and think about the questions at the end:

(Source: CUHK Sports Science and Physical Education Department Releases Survey Results on Childhood obesity in Hong Kong, 2007. Downloaded from: http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/cpr/pressrelease/070525e.htm)

Parents should set examples of having a balanced dietTheChairmanofHongKongDietitiansAssociationLimitedpointsoutthatwhilestudentsshouldunderstandthe importanceof theproblemofchildhoodobesityandhavehealthyeatingandexercisinghabits,parentsshouldalsotaketheresponsibility.For instance,parentsshouldsetexamplesbyhavingabalanceddietthemselvesandalsostoprewardingtheirchildrenwithsnacks.(Source: Summarized from reports of local newspapers.)

Source 1

Source 2


Dr. York Chow, Secretary for Food and Health, replies Legislative Councillor regarding the government’s policies to improve the situation of childhood obesity

Question:ArecentstudybytheChineseUniversityofHongKonghasrevealedthat theproblemofchildhoodobesityinHongKongisgettingworse,andithasprojectedthatby2013,everyoneoffourteenagersagedbetween6and18wouldbeobese.Inthisconnection,whataretherelatedgovernmentpoliciestoimprovethesituation?

Answer: Topromotehealthyeatinghabit, theDepartmentofHealthhasallalongcommitted toraisingpublicawarenessof the importanceofhealthyeating throughvarious large-scalecampaignssuchas ‘[email protected]’ to raisepublicawarenessandconcernabouthealthyeatingamongchildren.Inthe2007-08academicyear,atotalof482primaryschoolshaveparticipated in theCampaign,accounting for77%of the totalnumberofprimaryschoolsinHongKong.Tohelpstudentsdevelopahealthyandactivelifestyle,theEducationBureauhasrecommendedthatnolessthan5%ofthelessontimebeallocatedforphysicaleducationinallprimaryandsecondaryschools.Ithasalsoprovidedsupporttoschoolsfordevelopingsportsactivitiesthroughprovisionofgrantsforacquiringsportsequipmentandhiringcoaches.

Question:Will thegovernmentconsiderchecking thebodymass index forstudentsona regularbasisandrecommendthatsecondaryandprimaryschoolsshouldincreasethenumberofsessionsandextendthedurationofphysicaleducationlessons?

Answer: TheDepartmentofHealthoperates12studenthealthservicecentresandthreespecialassessmentcentres,whichprovidefreehealthassessment(includingregularmeasurementandmonitoringof theheightandweightofstudents),healtheducationand individualhealthcounsellingservices forprimaryandsecondarystudents.Themainemphasis isonhealthpromotionanddiseaseprevention.Besides,schoolsmeasure theheightandweightof theirstudentseveryyear.Regardingthe lessontime,ourstudentsalreadyhavemanyopportunitiestoparticipateinsportsactivities.Assuch,theCurriculumDevelopmentCouncilhasnoplantoamendtherecommendationofallocatingnot lessthan5%of thelessontimeforphysicaleducationatthemoment.

(Source: Adapted from Information Service Department Press Releases, 2008. Downloaded from: http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200811/26/P200811260130.htm)

Source 3

1. According to Source 1, summarize the situation of childhood obesity in Hong Kong in light of its trend and gender distribution. Knowledge & Understanding & Induction (4 marks)


2. According to Source 2, how do parents’ eating habits influence their children? Analysis (4 marks)

3. According to Source 3, what are the policies of the Hong Kong government to improve the situation of childhood obesity in Hong Kong? Knowledge & Understanding & Induction (4 marks)

4. Do you think that the policies mentioned in Source 3 are enough to improve the situation of childhood obesity in Hong Kong? Explain your answer. Making Judgment (10 marks)


Worksheet 4Induction of main points – production of concept map

SchoolName:

StudentName: Class:


Upon completion of collection, organization and analysis of data, you can prepare to write the enquiry study report. Before writing the report, you can draw a concept map in the space below to link up the concepts you have learned from data analysis as the framework of the report.


2.Evaluationofdifferentviewpoints,drawingaconclusion

At this stage, you have to induce a logical, meaningful and specific conclusion from all the results of the analysis. It can be an identification of different opinions (for example, some people believe that the main reason for the ‘problem of childhood obesity’ is their own unhealthy lifestyles; some other people believe that they are the changes of the general eating habits and lifestyles along with the changes of time and generation that should be responsible), a judgment, an expression of opinions, a prediction, etc.

• The conclusion must be based on objective facts and logical inference. It should not be a biased, unsupported judgment. Parroting is undesirable.

• The conclusion inferred from the questionnaire survey does not represent all the facts. You must cite specific extracts or facts which are relevant to the question so as to support your viewpoints and make the conclusion rational and sound.

• You can discuss the hidden meanings behind the inferred conclusion to make a deeper enquiry. For example:

The eating habits of students are not good. For example, some of them eat too much snacks or even suffer from binge eating; others always watch TV or play TV games without doing exercise. Parents, schools and the government should teach students to make them realize that obesity would not only affect their health, but also hinder their social contacts, so as to make them determined to kick these bad eating habits and lifestyles.

Childhood obesity is not only a phenomenon in Hong Kong. The World Health Organization points out that childhood obesity is one of the important global issues of public health in the 21st century. Facing such a challenge, the government should take more active measures to improve the eating and exercising habits of students. On the other hand, parents should also be taught to set examples by establishing a healthy lifestyle.

3.PresentationofstudyresultsandamendmentaccordingtofeedbackAfter reaching the conclusion and suggestions, you should share your study findings with your classmates in the form of an oral report. Moreover, reserve some time for classmates to raise their questions about your study. The techniques of making an oral report include:

• The content of the report should include the objective of study, the methods of study, the findings, conclusion and suggestions, feelings, self-assessment, etc.

• To facilitate the presentation, PowerPoint and other tools can be used to produce a neat report layout for presentation in lesson.

• To fit the limited time slot, the report should be concise and orderly.

• Report in a moderate voice with clear pronunciation. Speak at the right tempo and pause at the right moment.


4.Productionofenquirystudyreport

Finally, a report of 1,500 to 4,000 words should be written, based on what was learned from the process of enquiry and the your own opinions. Alternatively, you can express your own opinions about the question in other formats, such as video images, radio play or websites together with a brief introduction of 300 to 1,000 words. The following points should be noted when presenting the study report:

• Appropriate methods should be used to analyze the data. It should be done in a way to answer or address the focusing questions you have raised.

• Demonstrate, analyze or explore your study findings from different perspectives.

• Apart from the background information on the question studied and analysis of the collected data, you should also include your personal viewpoints in the report and express your personal opinions supported with arguments and evidence.

• Pay attention to the report structure. For example, an introduction, the main text and a conclusion can be included. In case a non-written report is chosen, the process of introduction, elucidation, transition and conclusion should also be well arranged and presented in the media employed.

• You can mention what you have learned and how you have been inspired by the enquiry study at the end of the report. Reflect on the drawbacks experienced during the process of enquiry and suggest solutions.

The content of a written report is suggested as follows:

Introduction: Briefly introducethesituationofchildhoodobesity inHongKongandillustratetheobjectiveofthestudy.

Main text: • AnalyzethecausesofchildhoodobesityinHongKong.• Discusshowobesityaffects thegrowthofstudents regarding their

healthandself-value.• Suggestfeasiblewaystoimprovetheabovesituation

Conclusion: Summarize theviewpointof the reportandsuggestwhat students,parents,schoolsandthegovernmentcandotoimprovethesituationofchildhoodobesity.

The content of a non-written report is suggested as follow:

Non-written report Short written text

Options:• PowerPoint• Roleplay• Videoclips• Websiteproduction,etc.

Shouldinclude:• Mainideasofthereport• Student ’s ref lect ion on the

contentofthereport


Product Submission Form

SchoolName:

StudentName: Class:


Title:

Written Non-written (Please tick ‘✓’.)

Description:

BriefDescriptionofSubmittedContent


Documents

Stage III: Production of enquiry study reportls.hkep.com/nssls/teacher/sources/sba_c5_01_step03_E.pdf · sessions and etend the duration of physical education lessons ... Council