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St. Petersburg and the Hermitage:
Wonder and Opulence
Dr. Julia Zarankin
April, 2016
Peter the Great (1672-1725)
Painting by Paul Delaroche, 1838
Peter’s CityOriginally named Sant-
Piterburkh
(later became Sankt-
Peterburg)
Renamed Petrograd
(1915)
Renamed Leningrad
(1924)
Renamed Sankt
Peterburg (1991)
Referred to as Piter
St. Petersburg: WINDOW ONTO EUROPE
Moscow: A City of Onion Domes
City of Spires
Alexandre Benois “Peter Meditating on the Building of St. Petersburg” (1916)
Alexander Nevsky Monastery
(1710)
Architect: Domenico Trezzini
Peter’s Summer Palace
Twelve CollegiaDomenico Trezzini
Peterhof Architect: Jean-Baptiste Le Blond
First Winter PalaceDomenico Trezzini (1711)
A New Metropolis
Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli
• 1716-1788
• Transformed St Petersburg
• Responsible for creating St. Petersburg’s character
• Chief builder under Empress Anna and Elizabeth
Tsarskoe SeloRastrelli
Rastrelli’s WINTER PALACE
Empress
Catherine II
Reign: 1762-96
Sophie Frederike
Auguste von Anhalt-
Zerbst
Catherine as Minerva
Goddess of warriors, poetry, medicine, wisdom, crafts, inventor of music
Winter Palace & Hermitage
Winter Palace (1754-62)
(Bartolomeo Rastrelli)
Small Hermitage (1767-69)
(Jean-Baptiste Vallin de la Mothe)
Old Hermitage (1771-87)
(Yuri Velten)
Hermitage Theatre (1883-87)
(Giacomo Quarenghi)
Catherine’s Hermitage Theatre
Architect: Giacomo Quarenghi
Hermitage Theatre interior
Palladio’s Teatro Olimpico
in Vicenza
Winter Canal
Designed by Quarenghi
Houses the Raphael Loggias
Raphael Loggias in Hermitage
Adorned by C. Unterberger, 1780
Monument to Peter the Great(Etienne Marie Falconet)
100 of Russian Portraiture
Simon Ushakov, 1660 Dmitry Levitsky, 1770s
Alexander I1801-1825
Gallery of the Patriotic WarHermitage
Palace Square
Nicholas I
• 1825-1855
• Younger brother of Alexander I
• Autocracy, Orthodoxy, Patriotism
Out with Voltaire!
Winter Palace Fire December 17, 1837 (B. Green)
New Hermitage(architect: Leo von Klenze)
Kolyvan Vasein the Hermitage
St. George’s HallThrone Room
Malachite Room
Nicholas I Transforms Hermitage into “Public” Museum, February 5, 1852
Vladimir Lenin:Art Belongs to the People!
Stalin takes over in 1924
Andrew Mellon and the Hermitage
• Buys 21 treasures from Hermitage in 1930 for 6.6 million
• Rembrandt, Van Eyck, Van Dyke, Titian, Velasquez…
• Donates paintings to National Gallery in DC
Van Eyck and Raphael sold
Raphael and WatteauCatherine’s Treasures
State Hermitage during Siege of Leningrad (1941-1944)
Hermitage Today