SPVD 87/404/EEC TUKES SAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY Market surveillance of simple pressure vessels - practical approach Teuvo Blomberg Senior Safety Engineer

SPVD 87/404/EECTUKESSAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY

Market surveillance of simple pressure vessels - practical approach

Teuvo Blomberg

Senior Safety Engineer

TUKES

TAIEX Workshop, Cyprus

3 - 5 October 2005


Contents

1) Introduction, methods of market surveillance

2) Market surveillance procedure; focusing, target selection criteria, tests, assessment of vessels

3) Cases


The aim of market surveillance is:• To ensure that products are safe; individuals, the

environment, property • To ensure conditions exist for fair competition• To ensure that initial controls have been made • To promote risk management during lifecycle of

products

and to verify that:• Certification procedures have been correctly applied• CE-marking and declaration of conformity are correct• The provision of applicable directives have been

complied with


Example: a pressure vessel accident

PS 11 bar

V 150 L

Manufactured 1994

Reason:

Neglected maintenance Corrosion

At the moment of

explosion:

Speed of loosening

components ~ 200 km/h


Methods of Market Surveillance for pressure equipment and SPVs

Field surveillance• proactive• reactive

Documentationsurveillance

• proactive• reactive

Surveillance projects• products/ assemblies• enterprises

Reaction methods Development activities Information

Co-operation between national and international enforcement authorities


Flowchart procedure of MS

PURCHASE EQUIPMENT

TESTSRESULTS

ASSESSMENT

DECISIONS ACTIONS

SALES BAN

DELIVERY BAN

RECALL

CAUTION

THE HEARING

NOTIFICATION

SELECTION CRITERIA

FOCUSING MS

PROACTIVEMS

REACTIVEMS


How to focus market surveillance?

Surveillance is focused according to the following

sources of information:

• Information from the market (complaint, competitors,

inspection bodies, users, consumers…)

• Information from other national authorities

• Accident registers

• Research reports

• Market surveillance database

• Notifications from other countries


Selection criteria of product

• Visual inspection – external inspection; markings

and labelling, fittings, safety accessories, connections, welds

– Internal inspection: welds• Documentation

– instructions for use– declaration of conformity

• Further information– technical documentation– tests– inspections

Non-conformities:• No manufacturer or importer

information• No instructions for use• No CE-marking• Lack of technical information• Poor workmanship (welds, shape

etc.)----------------

• Product cheapness!• New manufacturer?


Inscriptions on the vessel or data plate

• CE + NB + year• Max PS (bar)• Max Tmax (°C)• Min Tmin (°C)• Volume (L)• The name or mark of

the manufacturer• The type and serial or

batch identification of the vessel.


Tests that can be carried out on the vessel

• The visual examination• The radiographic examination

– longitudinal weld (100 %)– circumferential weld (cross welds)

• Tensile test– The basic material of the shell– The basic material head– over the longitudinal weld

• The chemical analysis– The basic material of the shell– The basic material of the head

• Macroscopic examination– longitudinal weld– circumferential weld

• Opening pressure of safety valve

Tests and inspections

• Usually done by a testing laboratory (accredited)

• Not usually the whole test program

• Only necessary tests and inspections are carried out

Other directives used and possible tests

• LVD

• EMC

• Machinery


Assessment of vessels (TUKES)

Based on technical documentation + test results + inspection

reports

classification of deficiencies (developed in TUKES)

• Class 1: Very serious, the vessel can be dangerous

• Class 2: Serious non-compliance with the directive

• Class 3: Minor non-compliance with the directive

• Class 4: Vessel is in accordance with the directive


• P*V > 50 bar*L

• No labelling or markings according to the SPVD

• p*V = 192 bar*L

sales ban

• p*V = 56 bar*L

delivery ban

Case 1: SPVs, volume 7 L and 24 L; 8 barCase 1: SPVs, volume 7 L and 24 L; 8 bar


Case 2: SPV, volume 150 L, 11 bar


Tests

The following tests were ordered:• The visual examination (SFS-EN 288-3)

• The radiographic examination (SFS-EN 288-3)

- location was based on visual examination

• Tensile test (SFS-EN 10002-1 and SFS-EN 895)

• The chemical analysis (optical emission spectrum)

• Macroscopic examination (transparent cut)

- location was based on radiographic examination

• Opening pressure of safety valve


Macrograph: longitudinal weld


Macrograph: circumferential weld


Case 3. Typical weld defect in SPV

• Stress level in circumferential weld is one half compared to longitudinal weld

• The defect is difficult to see by visual inspection• Macrograph: circumferential weld

Dished end Shell


Further information, please contact:

Teuvo BlombergE-mail: [email protected]

Pertti HaakanaE-mail: [email protected]

TUKES (Safety Technology Authority)Tel: +358 9 61671Fax: + 358 9 616 7566

Documents

SPVD 87/404/EEC TUKES SAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY Market surveillance of simple pressure vessels - practical approach Teuvo Blomberg Senior Safety Engineer