Spring 2011 Composite Data Products: National FCEV Learning Demonstration

National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1 Innovation for Our Energy Future

NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of EnergyEfficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308

National FCEV Learning Demonstration

Spring 2011 Composite Data Products

Keith Wipke, Sam Sprik, Jennifer Kurtz, Todd RamsdenNational Renewable Energy Laboratory

Technical ReportNREL/TP-5600-51564April 2011

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NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

Spring 2011 Composite Data Products: National FCEV Learning Demonstration

March 29, 2011

Keith Wipke, Sam Sprik, Jennifer Kurtz, Todd Ramsden


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Safety Reports - Vehicle Operation

Tank Scratch

Traffic Accident

H2 Leak - During Fueling

H2 Alarm - Fuel System

H2 Alarm - Passenger Compartment

Created: Feb-18-11 2:32 PMNREL cdp_fcev_09

Created: Feb-18-11 2:32 PMNREL cdp_fcev_09

CDP#9: Safety Reports – Vehicles


CDP#18: Refueling Rates

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Avg Fuel Rate (kg/min)

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Histogram of Fueling RatesVehicle and Infrastructure

5 kg in 5 minutes

5 kg in3 minutes

25464 EventsAverage = 0.77 kg/min

23% >1 kg/min

2766 EventsAverage = 0.63 kg/min

2% >1 kg/min

2006 MYPP Tech Val Milestone 2012 MYPP Tech Val Milestone Through 2009Q4 After 2009Q4

NREL cdp_fcev_18

Created: Feb-09-11 1:41 PM


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Total Vehicle Hours

Vehicle Hours: All OEMs, Gen 1 and Gen 2

In Service

Retired (1)

131,139Total Vehicle Hours =

Through 2010 Q4

Created: Mar-10-11 03:45 PM(1) Retired vehicles have left DOE fleet and are no longer providing data to NREL

Some project teams concluded in Fall/Winter 2009

NREL cdp_fcev_22

CDP#22: Vehicle Operating Hours


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Total Vehicle Miles

Vehicle Miles: All OEMs, Gen 1 and 2

In Service

Retired (1)

Total Vehicle Miles Traveled = 3,071,944

Through 2010 Q4

Created: Mar-10-11 03:45 PM

NREL cdp_fcev_23 (1) Retired vehicles have lef t DOE f leet and are no longer providing data to NRELSome project teams concluded in Fall/Winter 2009

CDP#23: Vehicles vs. Miles Traveled


CDP#24: Cumulative Vehicle Miles Traveled

3,071,944

-250,000 500,000 750,000

1,000,000 1,250,000 1,500,000 1,750,000 2,000,000 2,250,000 2,500,000 2,750,000 3,000,000 3,250,000

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Cumulative Vehicle Miles: All OEMs, Gen 1 and Gen 2

Created: Mar-18-11 11:41 AM

Through 2010 Q4

NREL cdp_fcev_24


CDP#25: Vehicle H2 Storage Technologies

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Vehicle Deployment by On-Board Hydrogen Storage Type

700 bar on-road350 bar on-roadLiquid H2 on-road700 bar retired350 bar retiredLiquid H2 retired

(1) Retired vehicles have left DOE fleet and are no longer providing data to NREL(2) Two project teams concluded in Fall/Winter 2009Created Mar-10-11 3:37 PM

155

NREL cdp_fcev_25

(2)


CDP#26: Cumulative H2 Produced or Dispensed

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Cumulative Hydrogen Produced or Dispensed Through 2010 Q4

NREL cdp_fcev_26

Created Mar-10-11 4:34 PM

*

*Some project teams concluded in Fall/Winter 2009

140,000 kg of hydrogen produced or dispensed since project inception


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Reporting Period

Cumulative Stations

Continuing Outside of Project

Retired Stations

Current Project Stations

NREL cdp_fcev_31

Created Mar-14-11 9:52 AM

CDP#31: Number of Online Stations


CDP#32: Infrastructure Hydrogen Production Methods

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Delivered Compressed H2

Natural Gas On-Site Reforming

On-Site Electrolysis Delivered Liquid H2

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Station Type

Learning Demonstration Hydrogen Stations By Type

Operating Outside of Project

Operating Within Project

Historical 2005-2009

NREL cdp_fcev_32Created Mar-10-11 4:18 PM

*

*Some project teams concluded Fall/Winter 2009. Markers show the cumulative stations operated during the 2005-2009 period


CDP#36: Type of Infrastructure Safety Report By Quarter

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Type of Infrastructure Safety Reports by Quarter Through 2010 Q4

05Q2

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06Q3

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07Q2

07Q3

07Q4

08Q1

08Q2

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10Q4

IncidentNear MissNon-EventAvg # Reports/Station

NREL cdp_fcev_36Created: Mar-14-11 11:18 AM

Reporting PeriodAn INCIDENT is an event that results in: - a lost time accident and/or injury to personnel - damage/unplanned downtime for project equipment, facilities or property - impact to the public or environment - any hydrogen release that unintentionally ignites or is sufficient to sustain a flame if ignited - release of any volatile, hydrogen containing compound (other than the hydrocarbons used as common fuels)A NEAR-MISS is: - an event that under slightly different circumstances could have become an incident - unplanned H2 release insufficient to sustain a flame


CDP#38: Refueling Times

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Time (min)

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Histogram of Fueling TimesVehicle and Infrastructure

Average = 3.26 min86% <5 min

Average = 4.39 min74% <5 min

2006 MYPP Tech Val Milestone (5 kg in 5 min) 2012 MYPP Tech Val Milestone (5 kg in 3 min) Through 2009Q4 After 2009Q4

NREL cdp_fcev_38



CDP#39: Refueling Amounts

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Amount Fueled (kg)

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Histogram of Fueling AmountsVehicle and Infrastructure

Average = 2.13 kg

Average = 2.62 kg

Through 2009Q4 After 2009Q4

NREL cdp_fcev_39



CDP#40: H2 Tank Level at Refueling

Through 2009Q4After 2009Q4

Tank Levels: DOE Fleet

14%

FE

13%

NREL cdp_fcev_40

1. Some refueling events not recorded/detected due to data noise or incompleteness.

2. The outer arc is set at 20% total refuelings.

3. If tank level at fill was not available, a complete fill up was assumed.

Median Tank Level (At Fill) = 42% Total refuelings1 = 27113


Total refuelings1 = 4205Median Tank Level (At Fill) = 50%


CDP#42: Refueling by Time of Day


Refueling by Time of Day

9%

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6

Total Fill3 Events = 22657% of fills b/t 6 AM & 6 PM: 89.7%

1. Fills between 6 AM & 6 PM

2. The outer arc is set at 12 % total Fill.

3. Some events not recorded/detected due to data noise or incompleteness.

AM PM

9%

NREL cdp_fcev_42


Total Fill3 Events = 4216% of fills b/t 6 AM & 6 PM: 84.6%


CDP#43: Refueling by Day of Week

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NREL cdp_fcev_43



Driving by Time of Day

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Total Driving3 Events = 295222% of driving trips b/t 6 AM & 6 PM: 85.3%

1. Driving trips between 6 AM & 6 PM

2. The outer arc is set at 12 % total Driving.

3. Some events not recorded/detected due to data noise or incompleteness.

AM PM

8%

% of NHTS trips b/t 6 AM & 6 PM: 81.5%

Through 2009Q4After 2009Q4NHTS

NREL cdp_fcev_44


Total Drive3 Events = 18213% of driving trips b/t 6 AM & 6 PM: 78.2%

2001 NHTS Data Includes Car, Truck, Van, & SUV day trips ASCII.csv Source: http://nhts.ornl.gov/download.shtml#2001

CDP#44: Driving Start Time – Day



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NREL cdp_fcev_45


2001 NHTS Data Includes Car, Truck, Van, & SUV day tripsASCII.csv Source: http://nhts.ornl.gov/download.shtml#2001

CDP#45: Driving by Day of Week


CDP#80: Miles Between Refuelings

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Distance between refuelings [Miles]2

Distance Driven Between Refuelings: All OEMs

Gen1Gen2After 2009Q4

NREL cdp_fcev_80

1. Some refueling events are not detected/reported due to data noise or incompleteness.

2. Distance driven between refuelings is indicative of driver behavior and does not represent the full range of the vehicle.

Gen1

Refuelings1 = 18941 Median distance between refuelings = 56 Miles Gen2

Refuelings1 = 6870 Median distance between refuelings = 81 Miles


Refuelings after 2009Q41 = 4196 Median distance between refuelings = 94 Miles


CDP#81: Average Trip Speed

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Average Trip Speed [mph]

Histogram of Average Trip Speed

179,424 trips

1) Excludes trips <= 1 mile (40.9%)

18,188 trips

Average trip speed of 25.9 mph

1) Excludes trips <= 1 mile (21.0%)2) 2001 NHTS data includes Car, Truck, Van & SUV day trips


NHTS Data2

NHTS Avg Speed

NREL cdp_fcev_81

Average trip speed of 23.2 mph



CDP#82: Daily FC Operation Hours in Automotive Application

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Hours of Operation Per Day

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Fuel Cell System Operation Hours Per Day


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Average Hours of Operation Per Day

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Average Daily Fuel Cell System Operation Hours

9.9% Fuel Cell Systems Average > 30 mins Daily

21.3% Fuel Cell Systems Average > 30 mins Daily


NREL cdp_fcev_82



CDP#83: Hydrogen Dispensed by Day of Week


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Dispensed Hydrogen per Day of Week

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NREL cdp_fcev_83Created: Mar-22-11 5:43 PM


CDP#84: Effect of Average Trip Speed on Fuel Economy

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Effect of Average Trip Speed on Fuel Economy

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Avg Trip Speed [miles/hour]

Average of Fleet Medians25th to 75th Percentile


(1) Data after 2009Q4. The data has been normalized to the max of the median curve for each fleet. Data binned every 5 mph for calculating median and percentiles.


CDP#85: Effect of Trip Length on Fuel Economy

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Effect of Average Trip Length on Fuel Economy

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Trip Length [miles]

Average of Fleet Medians25th to 75th Percentile


(1) Data after 2009Q4. The data has been normalized to the max of the median curve for each fleet. Data binned every 5 miles for calculating median and percentiles.

Documents

Spring 2011 Composite Data Products: National FCEV Learning Demonstration