SPICE Lecture 1

8/17/2019 SPICE Lecture 1

1/16

ELECTRON ACTIVE DEVICES

MODELS FOR

SPICE

Prof. Dragoş Dobrescu


2/16

OUTLINE

1. INTRODUCTION

2. SPICE DC MODEL FOR DIODES

. SPICE DC MODEL FOR !IPOLAR TRANSISTORS". SPICE AC MODEL FOR DIODES

#. SPICE AC MODEL FOR !IPOLAR TRANSISTORS

$. CONCLUSION


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INTRODUCTION

• T%e a&s'er (o (%e s(u)e&(s f*rs( +ues(*o&,

Course -ra)*&g LA! *& 1/ 0 a 2/ o*&(s

FINAL TEST a 3/ o*&(s

TOTAL a 1// o*&(s

T%e (es( 3 +ues(*o&s '*(% o&45 o&e true a&s'er 6 "/ *&u(es

• 7%a( *s SPICE8

• Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis


4/16

TEST 9ues(*o& Ea4e

7%a( *s (%e ea&*&g of SPICE for a& e4ec(ro&*cs e&g*&eer8

a: A faos E&g4*s% g*r4 grou fore) *& 1;;". T%e5 co&s*s(e)

of V*c(or*a !ece A)as:? Ea !u&(o&? Me4a&*e

!ro'&? Me4a&*e C%*s%o4? a&) -er* @a44*'e44

b: A )r*e) see)? fru*(? roo(? bar


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SPICE @ISTOR

First Released in 1!1 and announced in 1!" at the Si#teenth

$idwest S%mposium on Circuit &heor%

Rapidl% adopted '% uniersities and industr% in the earl% 1!*s

SPICE +,- 'ecame the de facto industr% standard in the late 1!*s

SPICE 'egan as an innoatie class pro.ect under the direction of Ron

Rohrer in the academic %ear 1-/1!&he computer at 0C er2ele% at that time was a C3C -4

&he input to the computer was punched cards

&he output of the computer was from the line printer

&he $IPS rate was compara'le to on Intel +5-

&he ma#imum aaila'le memor% was 16 octal - 'it words

da%time and 146 octal at night

&he simulation program deeloped in Ron Rohrer*s classes was named

CA7CER Computer Anal%sis of 7onlinear Circuits6 E#cluding Radiation


6/16

CANCER

$odified 7ewton/Raphson iteration with heuristics

that wor2ed well with 'ipolar circuits

Implicit integration techni8ues to reduce pro'lems

with the widel% spread time constants of an IC

0se of Ad.oint Circuit techni8ues to implement

Sensitiit% Anal%sis6 7oise Anal%sis6 and 3istortion

Anal%sis using 9olterra Series

A'out - lines of F:R&RA7 code

3C operating point anal%sis6 small/signal AC

anal%sis and transient anal%sis in one pac2age

uilt/in models for diodes and 'ipolar transistors

CA7CER was the first simulator to utili;e sparse

matri# techni8ues

CA7CER was neer released6 'ut was renamed

SPICE and released into the pu'lic domain in 1!1

A sparse matri# o'tained

when soling a finiteelement pro'lem in two

dimensions<

&he non/;ero elements are

shown in 'lac2


7/16

7%5 SPICE 'as successfu4 8

Pu'lic 3omain

3C6 AC6 &ransient6 7oise6 and Sensitiit% Anal%ses in the same programuilt/in models for diodes6 'ipolar transistors6 $:SFE&s6 and =FE&s

>ea% use of SPICE '% students led to man% improements in ro'ustness

At the time6 could handle fairl% large circuits

?ritten in fairl% porta'le F:R&RA7

SPICE L**(a(*o&s

According to student feed'ac26 not er% user friendl%@

imited error chec2ing

3C 7onconergence7o &ransient &imestep Control

7o d%namic memor% allocation


8/16

SPICE 2

First released into the pu'lic domain in 1!B

Contained all features of SPICE

3ata structures totall% reamped to incorporate d%namic memor% allocation&horough upgrade of 3C conergence and transient numerical integration

algorithms

A'out 56 lines of F:R&RA7

$an% industrial research centers adopted SPICE+ and deeloped proprietar%

ersions of the program6 including ell a's ( A39ICE)6 &e#as Instruments

(&ISPICE)6 $otorola ($CSPICE)

Shawn and im >aile% formed $eta Software and modified a cop% of SPICE +E

into the most successful ersion of a commercial SPICE 2nown as >SPICE

SPICE In 156 SPICE" was released into the pu'lic domain

&his later ersion of SPICE" was coded in the C language and utili;ed the more

sophisticated data structures of C

SPICE" contains a'out 1"B6 lines of C code


9/16

U&*Bers*(5 Use of SPICE

Adopted '% man% uniersities who welcomed SPICE" 'oth as a more ro'ust

circuit simulator and as a computer program utili;ing a modern language and itsmore sophisticated data structures

Prompted man% new research pro.ects in circuit simulation6 particularl% more

computer/science oriented pro.ects

Coerc*a4 Use of SPICE$icrosim adapted a ersion of SPICE" for the most popular of all SPICE

programs PSPICE

$an% other companies utili;ed SPICE" as a platform for additional Dalpha'et

SPICE programsPu'lic 3omain

Eas% to add deice models6 which has 'ecome the defining point of circuit

simulators

$odern data structures and the C language made new enhancements easier for

researchers who didn*t understand F:R&RA7


10/16

MODELS

A o)e4 (from 9


11/16

MODELS CLASSIFICATION


12/16

COMPARIN- MODELS

S(a(*c o)e4 DC o)e4P%5s*ca4 o)e4

E*r*c =Eer*e&(a4: o)e4

Ea4e, DC o)e4 for (%e )*o)e


13/16

T%e & u&c(*o& a&) (%e se*co&)uc(or )*o)e

P%5s*ca4 DC o)e4 for (%e se*co&)uc(or )*o)e

+++++

+++++

+++++

p n

s p a c e c h a r g e r e g i o n

0 xl

n

n p

p

- l n 0

n 0

p 0 n 0

p 0

p 0

p , n

E

p j

j j

j

n M

p M

n m

p m

n

E

+++++

+++++

+++++

p n

s p a c e c h a r g e r e g i o n

0

0

0

x

x

x

l w

l

l

- q N

+ q N- l- w

- l

- l

n 0 c n

n 0

n 0

B 0

A

D

ρv

p 0c p

p 0

p 0

l- q N n 0D- q N lA p 0E m a x- = =

u

Φ

E

ρ

V

2

2

dx

ud

≤

ε

≤

ε

=

0n0nD

p00pA

lx0 )xl(qN

0xl- )lx(qN

E

≤

ε

≤

ε

=

0n

2

0n

D

0B

p0 2

0pA

lx0 )xl(2

qN

0xl- )lx(2

qN

u

0nD0pA lNlN =

0BDA

0p0n0 )N

1

N

1(

q

2lll Φ

ε

=

2i

DA0BnNNln

qkT

=


14/16

T%e b*ase) & u&c(*o&

≤

ε

≤

ε

=

n 2

nD

A0B

p 2

pA

lx0 )xl(

2

qNV

0xl- )lx(2

qN

u

A0BB V

BDA

pn )N

1

N

1(

q

2lll Φ

ε

=

≤

ε

≤

ε

=

nnD

ppA

lx0 )xl(qN

0xl- )lx(qN

E

Curre&(s *& (%e b*ase) & u&c(*o&

]1)kT2

qV[xp(I]1)

kT

qV[xp(II A!"0

Ad0A !"di## A III

)kT

qVxp(III Ad0di## A =for'ar) b*as*&g

!"0R A III reBerse b*as*&g

d0I (%e sa(ura(*o& )*ffus*o& curre&( )NLD

NL

D

(nqAIAn

nDp

p2i $d0

!"0I (%e sa(ura(*o& ge&era(*o&0recob*&a(*o& curre&(0

i $!"0 2

nlqAIτ

=


15/16

E*r*c =Eer*e&(a4: DC o)e4 for (%e se*co&)uc(or )*o)e

Parae(ers, I/? ]1)

%kT

qV[xp(II A0A

Large for'ar) b*as

p

+ -

I

!

!

" # p # n

"

$

n

0

! "

l o g I "

l o g I 0

! I# "$

&'0

&& IR

I

Iln

q

%kTV

Parae(ers, I/

? ? RS

Saturation Current

Ideality Factor

Series resistance


16/16

Ser*es res*s(a&ce ca4cu4a(*o&, o*&(s e(%o)

Large for'ar) b*as easure a*rs =VF? IF:

%

0

%% ln F s

F F I R

I

I

q

mkT V +=

&

0

&& ln F s

F F I R

I

I

q

mkT V +=

'

0

'' ln F s

F F I R

I

I

q

mkT V +=

'%

&

& F F F I I I ⋅=

IDEA, geoe(r*c rogress*o&

L*&ear cob*&a(*o&, =e+1:=e+:02=e+2:

(&)ln&'&%&

&

'%

'&% F F F s F

F F

F F F I I I R I

I I

q

mkT V V V +−+=+−

/

'&%

'&%

&

&

F F F

F F F

s

I I I

V V V R

+−

+−=

Documents

SPICE Lecture 1