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electricaltransducers
How accurately does a transducer convert wave information from one state to another?
mechanical
Frequency Response (FR)
Saturday, March 20, 2010
Flat FR - the transducer accurately translates wave information across the entire spectrum.
Colored FR - the transducer introduces changes to the wave information at certain points across the spectrum
All transducers introduce change, and are somewhat colored. These terms are used for comparison, not for categories.
Frequency Response (FR)
Saturday, March 20, 2010
• More desirable
Frequency Response (FR)
Generally speaking, a flat FR is ...
Saturday, March 20, 2010
• More desirable
• Harder to manufacture
Frequency Response (FR)
Generally speaking, a flat FR is ...
Saturday, March 20, 2010
• More desirable
• Harder to manufacture
• More expensive
Frequency Response (FR)
Generally speaking, a flat FR is ...
Saturday, March 20, 2010
White noise (audio wave with equal energy at all frequencies) is sent into a transducer, and the resulting wave that comes out is measured. The resulting difference is a measurement of FR.
Measuring FR
Frequency Response (FR)
Saturday, March 20, 2010
White noise (audio wave with equal energy at all frequencies) is sent into a transducer, and the resulting wave that comes out is measured. The resulting difference is a measurement of FR.
Measuring FR
Frequency Response (FR)
Saturday, March 20, 2010
White noise (audio wave with equal energy at all frequencies) is sent into a transducer, and the resulting wave that comes out is measured. The resulting difference is a measurement of FR.
Measuring FR
Frequency Response (FR)
Saturday, March 20, 2010
Speakers - built for live use, built to produce volume, flat FR is important, but not the primary focus.
Speakers vs. Monitors
Saturday, March 20, 2010
Monitors - built for studio use, built for accuracy, flat FR. Volume is not the primary purpose.
Speakers vs. Monitors
Saturday, March 20, 2010
< geek-out >
Flat FR ≠ always most expensiveSome transducers are inaccurate, but in a highly musical way (U87, Ribbon)
Saturday, March 20, 2010
< geek-out >
Flat FR ≠ always most expensiveSome transducers are inaccurate, but in a highly musical way (U87, Ribbon) mics and preamps more than speakers
Saturday, March 20, 2010
< geek-out >
Flat FR ≠ always most expensiveSome transducers are inaccurate, but in a highly musical way (U87, Ribbon) mics and preamps more than speakers
Musical in what way?
Saturday, March 20, 2010
< geek-out >
Flat FR ≠ always most expensiveSome transducers are inaccurate, but in a highly musical way (U87, Ribbon) mics and preamps more than speakers
Musical in what way?(1) Fletcher-Munson Curve, inaccuracy of the ear
Saturday, March 20, 2010
< geek-out >
Flat FR ≠ always most expensiveSome transducers are inaccurate, but in a highly musical way (U87, Ribbon) mics and preamps more than speakers
Musical in what way?(1) Fletcher-Munson Curve, inaccuracy of the ear(2) Matches overtones / timbre of the musical source
Saturday, March 20, 2010
< geek-out >
Flat FR ≠ always most expensiveSome transducers are inaccurate, but in a highly musical way (U87, Ribbon) mics and preamps more than speakers
Musical in what way?(1) Fletcher-Munson Curve, inaccuracy of the ear(2) Matches overtones / timbre of the musical source(3) Matches FR of other pieces of gear in the chain
Saturday, March 20, 2010
< geek-out >
Flat FR ≠ always most expensiveSome transducers are inaccurate, but in a highly musical way (U87, Ribbon) mics and preamps more than speakers
Musical in what way?(1) Fletcher-Munson Curve, inaccuracy of the ear(2) Matches overtones / timbre of the musical source(3) Matches FR of other pieces of gear in the chain
< /geek-out >
Saturday, March 20, 2010
DynamicShure SM58Cost: $99Range: $50-$200
Construction: diaphragm attached to a conductive coil. Pressure changes move the coil back and forth through the magnetic field of a permanent magnet, inducing changes in the current through the coil.
Saturday, March 20, 2010
DynamicPros: - rugged construction, stands up well to hard use, even abuse - handles high sound pressure levels (spl) without distortion
Saturday, March 20, 2010
DynamicPros: - rugged construction, stands up well to hard use, even abuse - handles high sound pressure levels (spl) without distortion
Cons:
Saturday, March 20, 2010
DynamicPros: - rugged construction, stands up well to hard use, even abuse - handles high sound pressure levels (spl) without distortion
Cons: - Inaccurate FR, loss of high and low frequencies
Saturday, March 20, 2010
DynamicPros: - rugged construction, stands up well to hard use, even abuse - handles high sound pressure levels (spl) without distortion
Cons: - Inaccurate FR, loss of high and low frequencies - slow transient response
Saturday, March 20, 2010
DynamicPros: - rugged construction, stands up well to hard use, even abuse - handles high sound pressure levels (spl) without distortion
Cons: - Inaccurate FR, loss of high and low frequencies - slow transient response - narrow pickup range
Saturday, March 20, 2010
CondenserNeumann U87Cost: $2650Range: $300 - $10,000
Construction: Diaphragm moves closer and further from a charged backplate, alternately drawing current into, and pushing current out of, the backplate.
Saturday, March 20, 2010
CondenserPros:- accurate FR- great high frequency clarity- wide pickup range
Saturday, March 20, 2010
CondenserPros:- accurate FR- great high frequency clarity- wide pickup range
Cons:
Saturday, March 20, 2010
CondenserPros:- accurate FR- great high frequency clarity- wide pickup range
Cons:- fragile!
Saturday, March 20, 2010
CondenserPros:- accurate FR- great high frequency clarity- wide pickup range
Cons:- fragile!- expensive
Saturday, March 20, 2010
CondenserPros:- accurate FR- great high frequency clarity- wide pickup range
Cons:- fragile!- expensive- high SPLs can cause damage
Saturday, March 20, 2010
CondenserPros:- accurate FR- great high frequency clarity- wide pickup range
Cons:- fragile!- expensive- high SPLs can cause damage- requires external power supply
Saturday, March 20, 2010
CondenserUses:
Studio recording, especially for voca l s or wooded acous t i c instruments
Saturday, March 20, 2010
CondenserUses:
Studio recording, especially for voca l s or wooded acous t i c instruments
Live use for drum overheads, orchestral sections
Saturday, March 20, 2010
RibbonRoyer 121Cost: $1095Range: $600 - $3500
Construct ion : A corrugated conductive ribbon moves back and forth through the field of a magnet, causing a change in induction in the ribbon.
Saturday, March 20, 2010
RibbonPros:- Added resonance- Enhanced midrange overtones, slight high freq. rolloff
Saturday, March 20, 2010
RibbonPros:- Added resonance- Enhanced midrange overtones, slight high freq. rolloff- Introduces added “warmth” to the sound
Saturday, March 20, 2010
RibbonPros:- Added resonance- Enhanced midrange overtones, slight high freq. rolloff- Introduces added “warmth” to the sound
Cons:
Saturday, March 20, 2010
RibbonPros:- Added resonance- Enhanced midrange overtones, slight high freq. rolloff- Introduces added “warmth” to the sound
Cons:- not accurate FR
Saturday, March 20, 2010
RibbonUses:
Resonating instruments (acoustic guitar, strings, piano), especially in darker, classical settings.
Saturday, March 20, 2010
RibbonUses:
Resonating instruments (acoustic guitar, strings, piano), especially in darker, classical settings.
Voice, especially where enhanced midrange overtones and high roll-off will help.
Saturday, March 20, 2010
Ribbon“To Ramona” by Bob Dylanpiano by Michael Lee
Recorded on a Yamaha C7 in the “A” room of Citrus Studios, using a Coles 4038 Ribbon Mic.
Saturday, March 20, 2010
Ribbon“To Ramona” by Bob Dylanpiano by Michael Lee
Recorded on a Yamaha C7 in the “A” room of Citrus Studios, using a Coles 4038 Ribbon Mic.
Saturday, March 20, 2010
Ribbon“To Ramona” by Bob Dylanpiano by Michael Lee
Recorded on a Yamaha C7 in the “A” room of Citrus Studios, using a Coles 4038 Ribbon Mic.
Saturday, March 20, 2010
CondenserRibbon“To Ramona” by Bob Dylanpiano by Michael Lee
Recorded on a Yamaha C7 in the “A” room of Citrus Studios, using a Coles 4038 Ribbon Mic.
“Ring Them Bells”by Bob Dylan
piano by Michael Lee
Recorded in the same room, on the same
piano, using an AKG C12 condenser mic
Saturday, March 20, 2010
CondenserRibbon“To Ramona” by Bob Dylanpiano by Michael Lee
Recorded on a Yamaha C7 in the “A” room of Citrus Studios, using a Coles 4038 Ribbon Mic.
“Ring Them Bells”by Bob Dylan
piano by Michael Lee
Recorded in the same room, on the same
piano, using an AKG C12 condenser mic
Saturday, March 20, 2010
CondenserRibbon“To Ramona” by Bob Dylanpiano by Michael Lee
Recorded on a Yamaha C7 in the “A” room of Citrus Studios, using a Coles 4038 Ribbon Mic.
“Ring Them Bells”by Bob Dylan
piano by Michael Lee
Recorded in the same room, on the same
piano, using an AKG C12 condenser mic
Saturday, March 20, 2010
What you should know
• Vocabulary: Frequency Response (FR), Sound Pressure Level (SPL), Transient Response, White noise
Saturday, March 20, 2010
What you should know
• Vocabulary: Frequency Response (FR), Sound Pressure Level (SPL), Transient Response, White noise
• Speaker vs. Monitors: purpose and use
Saturday, March 20, 2010
What you should know
• Vocabulary: Frequency Response (FR), Sound Pressure Level (SPL), Transient Response, White noise
• Speaker vs. Monitors: purpose and use
• Microphones, by type
Saturday, March 20, 2010
What you should know
• Vocabulary: Frequency Response (FR), Sound Pressure Level (SPL), Transient Response, White noise
• Speaker vs. Monitors: purpose and use
• Microphones, by type
• Construction > function > use
Saturday, March 20, 2010