Sparks

CH301

THERMODYNAMICS Quantifying Heat Flow – Physical

Change

UNIT 4 Day 2

• You can burn 55,000 calories by drinking 6 glasses of ice water.

What are we going to learn today?

State Functions Review q, w, ΔU Quantify Change in Energy by Quantifying Heat

State Functions

• A property of the system whose value depends ONLY on the current state of system, NOT how it got to that state.

• Symbols for state functions always written in CAPITAL letters.

A property with a value that depends only on the current state of the system and is independent of the pathway. If the system is changed from one state to another, the change in a state function is independent of how that change was brought about! (E is a state function, w and q are not state functions!)

ΔX = Xf - Xi

State Functions

When I think of types of energy, I think: WHAT IT IS: PE - energy due to position or composition KE - energy of the motion of an object or particle HOW IT MOVES: Heat - transfer of energy from a hotter body to a colder body Work – transfer of energy via applied force over distance

Kilocalorie (Calorie) – nutritional unit calorie – the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree C.

1 cal = 4.184 J

Gummy Bear Demonstration

In the gummy bear demonstration, q for the system is: A. Positive B. Negative

POLL: iCLICKER QUESTION

Let’s think about work

Methanol cannon demo:

CH3OH (g) + 1.5 O2 (g) CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (g)

Physical or chemical change?

What is happening to the total moles of gas?

What will this mean to the total volume?

Will work have a positive or negative value?

• Consider these reactions, with constant T and P:

2 NO(g) + O2(g) 2 NO2(g)

NaHCO3(s) + CH3COOH (l)

NaC2H3O2 (aq)+ CO2(g) + H2O(l)

First Law of Thermodynamics –

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

UNIVERSE = SYSTEM + SURROUNDINGS

YOU DEFINE YOUR SYSTEM, EVERYTHING ELSE IS

SURROUNDINGS

ΔU = q + w

CONCEPTUALIZE ENERGY ON THE MOVE

THINK ABOUT A POWER PLANT FUEL WATER STEAM TURBINE GENERATOR

How much energy does it take to boil enough water to generate enough steam to continue to make enough steam to generate enough electricity for the UT campus? REACTANTs PRODUCTS ΔU = ?

HEAT = q

1 calorie = quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature

of 1 gram of water 1 °C.

1 Joule = Applying a 1 N force over a distance of 1 m

Joule is famous because he found the relationship between

heat and energy. He found by dropping weights, moving

a paddle and noting the increase in temperature of water

that 1 cal = 4.164 J.

Measure changes in T of water and correlate that to energy

in or out of a system!

MODEL & QUANTIFY HEAT

Thermal Energy = Kinetic Energy of the Particles

(which has to do with the T)

Heat Capacity = heat absorbed

increase in temperature

CONCEPTUALIZE ENERGY ON THE MOVE

LARGE BEAKER OF WATER ON HOT PLATE SMALL BEAKER OF WATER ON HOT PLATE

Thermal Energy = Kinetic Energy of the Particles

(which has to do with the T)

Heat Capacity = heat absorbed

increase in temperature

Which beaker had the higher Thermal Energy?

a) LARGE

b) SMALL

Which beaker had the higher Heat Capacity?

a) LARGE

b) SMALL

CONCEPTUALIZE ENERGY ON THE MOVE

Measure the heat transferred into or out of a system using heat capacity, C.

C x ΔT = q

Specific heat capacity

Molar heat capacity

QUANTIFY ENERGY ON THE MOVE

Learning Outcomes

Calculate change in enthalpy for physical change in T and Phase Change Understand the concept of heat capacity, specific heat capacity and molar heat capacity

Important Information

LM28 and HW Posted.