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SPANISH HAS TWO PAST TENSES: PRETERITE AND I MPERFECT.
THE PRETERITE I S A TENSE USED TO EXPRESS AN ACTION COMPLETED AT A DEFINITE T IME I N THE PAST (AKA: THE PAST TENSE)
IN ENGLI SH, THE REGULAR VERBS IN THE PAST TENSE END IN -ED
The Preterite
Past Expression
Ayer…….. YesterdayEl año pasado …….. Last yearanoche …….. Last nightLa semana pasada …….. Last weekAntes de la escuela …….. Before schoolanteayer …….. The day before yesterday
Salimos a las ocho anoche. We left at eight o’clock last night.
The word anoche tells you that salimos is in the preterite tense
To conjugate regular -ar verbs in the preterite, simply
drop the ending (-ar) and add one of the following:
Subject New endingpronounYo = éTú = asteÉl/ella/Ud. =óNosotros = amosEllos(as)/Uds. = aron
Notice that the yo and usted/él/ella forms have an accent over the final vowel.
Also, the nosotros(as) form is the same in the preterite as in the present tense
-er and –ir verbs
In the preterite, -er and –ir verbs endings areIdentical.
Subject New endingpronounYó = íTú = isteÉl/ella/Ud. = ióNosotros = imosEllos(as)/Uds. = ieron
The yo forms and the usted/él/ella forms take accents.Also, the nosotros(as) form of regular –ir verbs is the same in
both the preterite as in the present tense. Use context clues to determine the tense of the verb.
Verbs ending in –car, -gar, and –zar have a change
in spelling in the yo form to preserve pronunciation.
All other forms are the sameSubject pronoun
Practicar (to practice)
Navegar (to navigate)
Organizar (to organize)
C--- qu G--- gu Z---c
Yó practiqué navegué organicé
Tú practicaste navegaste organizaste
Él/ella/ud. practicó navegó organizó
Nosotros(as)
practicamos navegamos organizamos
Ellos(as)/uds.
practicaron navegaron organizaron
Irregular stems and endings verbs in the preterite
i-stems verbsHacer (to make)---- hic-/hiz*Querer (to want)---- quisVenir (to come)---- vinu-stem verbsuv- stem verbs
To all these add these preterite ending based on the subject pronoun.
-e, -iste, -o, -imos, -ieron
More iregular (see handout for details)
J- stem verbsTo these add these preterite ending-e, -iste, -o, -imos, -eron
Other irregular Verbs in the preterite
Ser and ir (to be and to go)Dar (to give)Ver (to see)
See handout for conjugations in all forms.