Southern Colonies

Chapter 3, Lesson 4

EQ: How does geography influence the way people live?

Define Vocabulary: Chapter 3, Lesson 4 (pg. 79)

• indentured servants

• constitution

• debtor

• indigo

• estate

4

Indentured Servants Indentured Servants • Indentured servant – a

laborer who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America.

• Worked for no pay in exchange for passage to America

• They signed a contract with their master, but were freed once the contract was fulfilled

Slaves • Were Africans, or were descendants of Africans

• Worked for no pay after being brought to America against their will

• Had little or no chance of gaining their freedom

Activity: Compare and Contrast

• Not all people who came to work in the colonies did so by choice. African rulers sold prisoners of war to European slave traders who, in turn, sent them to America. Many others came as indentured servants.

Slaves Indentured Servants

Richard Frethorne’s Letter to his Parents

Indentured Servants Contract

Advertisement for Indentured Servants

Southern Colonies

1. Maryland2. North Carolina3. South Carolina4. Georgia5. Virginia

s.colonies

Characteristics of Southern Colonies

1. Indentured servants

2. Slaves to work the large plantations

3. Had fertile soil

4. Grew rice, tobacco and cotton

Maryland (1634)• The colony given to Lord

Baltimore, but he died and his son Cecilius Calvert, Lord Baltimore the Second.

• It was meant to be a “safe place” for Catholics who were persecuted in England.

• Cecilius gives large estates—large area of land owned by one person— to rich English nobles.

• Calvert declared Maryland a

haven of religious tolerance for all Christians—soon Protestants moved in.

Catholics vs. Protestants vs. Protestants

• Protestants outnumbered Catholics—to protect the Catholics they passed the Acts of Toleration (1649)

• However, these acts will be unsuccessful.

•The king takes over Maryland and declares it a “royal” colony.

•Maryland becomes a Protestant colony and Catholics are persecuted.

The CarolinasThe Carolinas

• Charles II granted a huge tract of land between Virginia and Spanish Florida to 8 nobles in 1663.

• This land became North and South Carolina.

The Carolinas ultimately split in two:

Rice and Indigo - Rice—required much labor, thus the demand for slavery increase. -Indigo—a blue plant used to make dye to color cloth was grown in the Carolinas.

Both Carolinas had fertile land

North North CarolinaCarolina

(1663)(1663)

• Settlers from Virginia moved in to North Carolina. • They grew tobacco and sold timber. • Established small, self-sufficient tobacco farms• Had fewer large plantations and less reliance on

slavery

South South Carolina Carolina

(1663)(1663)

• Had a great harbor and farmers used their ports. • Charlestown was the largest harbor. • Had larger plantations—especially large rice plantations.

Georgia (1732)• James Oglethorpe wanted debtors,

or those who had debt, to have a new start in life instead of going to prison.

• He and 20 other trustees received a charter to settle Georgia.

• British hoped that Georgia would block any Spanish attack from Florida.

• Georgia’s population included former debtors, but mainly many poor people from Britain.

• By 1770 nearly half of the population was made of enslaved Africans.

Virginia---1607•Jamestown

Joint Stock CompanyVirginia Company

Captain John SmithJohn Rolfe

Attract new settlers for Dutch and Swedish

colonists

Representative Govt•House of Burgesses

Royal Colony

Maryland--1634 Lord BaltimoreReligious toleration—those who believed in Christ---allowed persecuted Catholics to settle in Maryland

Representative govt

Proprietary Colony

North/South CarolinaIn 1663 8 English nobles

Setup a new colony based upon social

classes…Failed and divided into 2 parts

Representative govt

Royal Colony

Georgia—1732 James OglethorpeProvide a place for

debtors could start a new life---Acted as a

buffer against Spanish Florida

Royal Colony

Colony/Date Person Responsible Why Founded Governed/Owner

The First Arrival of Slaves

• 1619 in Jamestown• English used them as

workers on tobacco plantations

• By 1660, slavery as we know it was established in Virginia

• Shortage of labor in the Americas led to the signing of Atlantic Slave trade

• Europeans needed workers on sugar, tobacco plantations.

• Most slaves came from West Africa

http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/slavery/videos/origins-of-slavery

Origins of the Slave Trade

Triangular Trade

First leg of triangle— ships carrying European goods to Africa to be exchanged for slaves

Second leg (Middle Passage)— brought Africans to Americas to be sold.

Third Leg—carried American products to Europe

Captured Africans became part of network of trade called the triangular trade.

http://www.discovery.com/tv-shows/other-shows/videos/assignment-discovery-middle-passage.htm

Meanwhile in Virginia—Moving West • Virginia settlers (freed

indentured servants) moved West—onto Native American lands.

• Governor Berkley of Virginia promises the Native Americans that he will stop settlers from moving West.

• He wanted to prevent a war between the colonists and Native Americans.

Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)

• Was an armed rebellion by Virginia  settlers led by Nathanial Bacon against the rule of Governor Berkley.

• Nathanial Bacon was a planter living in western Virginia—he refuses to follow the Governor Berkeley’s orders to stay out of Native American lands.

• He and many colonists rebelled against the Virginia Government and burn down the capital.

Nathanial Bacon and Slavery

• Bacon’s rebellion makes the government of Virginia look for other sources of labor—indentured servants cause too much trouble.

• They decide to bring in slaves—after all this form of “laborers” you never have to free.

• African slavery increases! More Africans are brought to America.