Title: Palace of Fine Arts, San Francisco

Architect: Bernard Maybeck (1862 NY – 1957 Berkeley)

Date: 1915, for the Panama Pacific International Exposition

Source: various

Medium: originally plaster on steel, rebuilt in mid- 20th century

Size: n/a

Title: City Hall, 1 Dr. Carlton B. Goodlet Place, San Francisco

Architect: Arthur Brown, Architect, Bakewell & Brown

Date: 1899

Source: photo, T. Engelberg, 1/2020

Medium: Van Ness façade Size: big

WHAT’S THE MALE

VERSION OF CARYTIDS? ATLANTIDS

Title: The Parthenon (view from the west), Akropolis, Athens

Architects: Iktinos and Kallikrates

Date: 448–432 BCE

Note: Both Doric and Ionic, note the even number of columns on the gable end; the dominant proportional ratio is 4:9; width to length, and column diameter to space between columns (or do they mean column to column centers?) (Stokstad)

Photographic source: Pearson

Size: stylobate is 31 x 60.5 m. larger than any other temple on the Greek mainland (Moffett)

THE PARTHENON

Title: The Parthenon, Akropolis, Athens

Architect: Iktinos and Kallikrates

Date: 448–432 BCE

Source: Nova, The Parthenon, film release date 2008, PBS

Medium: film clip, recreation (view from the west)

Size: 32 seconds (total film length: 54 minutes 16 seconds)

THE PARTHENON

Title: Parthenon

Architect: Iktinos and Kallikrates

Date: rebuilt from 447 to 432 BCE Source: https://www.tes.com/lessons/YLUGv-vlVn4k3A/the-parthenon

Medium: plan Size: see scale

amphiprostyle: Having columns at either end but not along the sides (wiktionary) (so I’m not sure why this plan is labeled as such); does amphiprostyle peripteral mean it is both??

distyle in antis: denotes a temple with the side walls extending to the front of the porch and terminating with two antae, the pediment being supported by two pilasters or sometimes caryatids. This is the earliest type of temple structure in the ancient Greek world. (wikipedia Note: •  The Parthenon was rebuilt from 447 to 432 BCE over the ruins of a temple that

had been under construction at the time of the Persian sack. •  contained two cellas, the larger for Phidias’ colossal statue of the virgin goddess,

the smaller for the treasury of the Delian league. (the league formed to prevent further incursions by the Persians) (Moffat, rhyme hers)

•  The designers treated the Parthenon like an immense work of sculpture, laden with relief friezes and used primarily for containing a colossal statue of the goddess. (OUP)

•  this is opposite from how one would approach the building on the site. •  The cella was one of the largest interiors built in Classical Greece Scholars

disagree whether the cella was completely roofed. •  Greek and Roman temples are described by the number of columns on the

entrance, the colonnade and the type of portico. This is an octastyle peripteral temple with distyle in-antis porches. (Wiley; see above)

THE PARTHENON

possibly two stacked columns

Title: Ten Books on Architecture

Architect: Vitruvius

Date: 80/70 BCE-15 CE

Source: wikisource

Medium: book Size: n/a

Note: check out 5

LET’S GO TO THE AUTHORITY - VITRUVIUS

Title: Ten Books on Architecture

Architect: Vitruvius

Date: 80/70 BCE-15 CE

Source: wikisource

Medium: book Size: n/a

Note: which basically means Vitruvius has not answered our question (or we’re looking in the wrong place) also see plan this page

Pace Wiley: the amphiprostyle only applies to the cella.

Prostyle: the columns run across the entire front. Per Gardner: prostyle is a colonnade across the front; amphiprostyle is both front and back or around the cella and porches to form a peristyle.

LET’S GO TO THE AUTHORITY - VITRUVIUS

Title: The Parthenon elevation Eastern façade: [a] half elevation; [b] half section through portico | Location: Acropolis, Athens, Greece

Architects: Iktinos and Kallikrates

Date: 448–432 BCE

Source: Fletcher, Banister. A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method. Sixth edition, rewritten and enlarged. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1921, Page Plate Figure 79ab, | University of Michigan Library Digital Collections

Medium: line drawing

Note: taenia (Latin taenia; derived from the Ancient Greek ταινία (tainía): band or ribbon) is a small fillet molding near the top of the architrave in a Doric column

Title: Athena, the Parthenon, Nashville Tennessee recreation

Artist: Alan LeQuire after Phidias

Date: Originally built for Tennessee's 1897 Centennial Exposition, full-scale replica of Athena Parthenos, rebuilt 1982–1990

Museum: Parthenon Art Museum, Nashville, Tennessee

Medium: Gypsum concrete and chopped fiberglass on structural steel, Painted to simulate marble with lapis lazuli eyes by Alan LeQuire and gilded under the direction of master gilder L. Reed.

Size: height 42 feet (13 m)

chryselephantine: from Greek, made of gold and ivory (wiktionary)

Note: The recreation in the Royal Ontario Museum skips the red lipstick. That’s a Nike in her right hand.

THE PARTHENON, (NASHVILLE)

Title: The Parthenon When it Contained a Mosque

Artist: William Pars Date: 1765/ 1789

Note: the metopes, and the east pediment frieze

Source: Drawing by Nicholas Revett (1765) and published in James Stuart and Nicholas Revett, The Antiquities of Athens (London, 1789)

Medium: paper Size: n/a

Title: The destruction of Parthenon by Venetian troops on 26th of September 1687

Artist: from an original water color by Giancomo Verneda, serving as an artillery officer in the Venetian army, engraving by Francesco Fanelli

Date: published 1707 from watercolor of 1687

Source: published 1707 from watercolor of 1687

Medium: engraving

Size: n/a

Note: bombardment by the Venetians attacking the Turks. The Venetians took some of the sculptures as “trophies”. (Moffat)

Note the tower at center right.

Title: The Old Frankish Tower In Acropolis

Artist: unknown Date: 1874

Note: n/a

Source: wikimedia

Medium: photo Size: n/a

NOT THE PARTHENON, BUT STILL….

Title: Drawings of the east pediment of the Parthenon

Artist: Jacques Carrey, French artist (1649-1726)

Date: 1674 BCE

Note: Carrey’s drawing were instrumental in figuring out the layout of fallen sculptures. Those on the east pediment are the better preserved.

Museum: Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris

Medium: paper

Size: n/a

THE PARTHENON – SCULPTURE ON THE PEDIMENT

Title: East pediment of the Parthenon

Artist: Phidias Date: circa 447–432 BCE

Note: the east pediment sculptures portrayed the birth of Athena, fully clad in armor, from the brow of her father, Zeus, (missing) with additional figures.

Museum: The British Museum, London Medium: Marble

Size: The pediment is over 90 feet (27.45 m) long; the central space of about 40 feet (12.2 m) is missing

Title: Dionysos from the east pediment of the Parthenon, or is it Herakles?

Artist: Phidias

Date: circa 438-432 BCE

THE PARTHENON – THE EAST PEDIMENT

The two seated figures may be Demeter and Persephone.

The messenger Iris, spreading news of Athena’s birth

Title: Drawings of the east pediment of the Parthenon

Artist: Jacques Carrey Date: 1674 CE.

Museum: Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris

Medium: paper

Title: Three Goddesses, from the east pediment

Artist: Phidias

Date: circa 438-432 BCE

THE PARTHENON

Note: The three figures may be Hestia, Dione, and Aphrodite. Selene the moon goddess descending on her chariot to the sea, her horse is at right in the corner.

Title: head of horse: east pediment of the Parthenon

Artist: Phidias

Date: circa 447–432 BCE

Museum: British Museum

Medium: Marble

Size: The pediment is over 90 feet (27.45 m) long; the central space of about 40 feet (12.2 m) is missing

THE PARTHENON

Title: Frieze above the western entrance of the cella of the Parthenon

Architect: Athenians

Date: 447–432 BCE

Photographic source: Pearson

Medium: marble

Size: height 43" (109.3 cm)

Note: the metopes on outer entablature, and the frieze within

THE PARTHENON

Title: Horsemen: detail

Artist: Classical Greek culture Date: circa 447–432 BCE

Note: the Parthenon has two friezes, one above the outer peristyle and the other atop the cella wall inside.

Museum: Detail of the Procession, from the Ionic frieze on the north side of the Parthenon/ The British Museum, London

Medium: Marble

Size: height 41¾" (106 cm)

THE PARTHENON

Title: East frieze of the Parthenon

Artist: Phidias

Date: circa 440 BCE

Note: enclosed within the Doric peristyle is a continuous 525’ long Ionic frieze showing a procession of the Athenian people to a festival or a mythological event.

Museum: The British Museum, London

Medium: marble

Size: height 43" (109.3 cm)

THE PARTHENON

Title: Marshals and Young Women, detail of the Procession, on the east side of the Parthenon

Artist: Phidias

Date: circa 438-432 BCE

Museum: Musée du Louvre, Paris

Medium: Marble

Size: height 43" (109cm)

THE PARTHENON

Title: Phidias and the Frieze of the Parthenon, Athens

Artist: Lawrence Alma-Tadema

Date: 1868

Museum: Birmingham City Museum and Art Gallery, England

Medium: Oil on Canvas

Size: 29 3/5" X 42 1/3" (75.3 X 108cm)

Title: Parthenon

Directed: by Costa Gavras (Constantinos Gavras or Κωνσταντίνος Γαβράς; 1933 –) Greek-French filmmaker, lives and works in France

Duration: 7 minutes 33 seconds

Source: Acropolis Museum, Athens, Greece

Note: History of the temple from 432 B.C.E. till date. Rendition of the poem The Curse of Minerva by Lord Byron. 3D model for the Parthenon production built by George Paterakis, an Infostudio founder, University of Patras, Greece.

HEPHAISTEION, ATHENS

Title: The Western Portico of the Parthenon, Athens

Photographer: Fred Boissanas Date: photo 1922

Source: http://c590298.r98.cf2.rackcdn.com/NGM1_393.JPG

Medium: stone

Size: use person for scale

Note: you can also see the size of the column drums

Title: Second Bank of the United States (Old Custom House)

Architect: William Strickland

Date: built between 1819 and 1824

Source/ Museum: Philadelphia, Independence National Historical Park, Photo by B. Krist for GPTMC

Medium: n/a

Size: n/a

INFLUENCE OF THE PARTHENON

Title: The Sub-Treasury Building (now Federal Hall National Memorial), near the New York Stock Exchange, Wall Street, New York City): "Black Tuesday," Oct. 29, 1929

Architect: façade, designed by Ithiel Town and Alexander Jackson Davis

Date: built between 1833 – 42

Source/Museum: photograph source: Hulton Archive/Getty Images

Medium: n/a

Title: The Parthenon, Nashville Tennessee recreation

Architect: Russell E. Hart, architect and William B. Dinsmoor, consulting architect and architectural historian

Date: Originally built for Tennessee's 1897 Centennial Exposition, was rebuilt on the same foundations, in concrete, exterior: 1920-1925 exterior, interior 1931

Source/ Museum: Parthenon Art Museum, Nashville Tennessee

Medium:n/a

Size: n/a

Title: Assemblée Nationale, Palais Bourbon, Paris France

Architect: Bernard Poyet

Date: façade and colonnade built between 1804 and 1807

Source/ Museum: photo Mario Fourmy/REA/Redux Picture

Medium: exterior view Size: n/a

Title: Second Church of Christ Scientist, San Francisco

Architect: William H. Crim

Date: 1916

Source: photo by Wally Gobetz, Brooklyn NY

Medium: masonry, stucco, wood framed truss system dome

Size: n/a

NOT FROM THE PARTHENON BUT - WHY ARE CHRISTIAN CHURCHES USING THE ARCHITECTURAL LANGUAGE FROM A PAGAN CULTURE?

Title: Internet Archive/ Wayback Machine, former Church of Christ Scientist, S.F.

Source: Wikipedia

Title: Mr. Peabody and his boy Sherman

Title: The Empire of Alexander Date: 323 BCE Source: https://www.shorthistory.org/images/Campaigns-of-Alexander-the-Great.jpg

Note: Alexander succeeds his father Philip II of Macedon in 336 BCE, at 20. Alexander led a united Greece in a war of revenge and conquest against the Persia, crushing them and conquering Syria and Phoenicia. By 331 he occupied Egypt and founded Alexandria. He then reached Persepolis and went east until what is now Pakistan. On his way home he dies of a fever. He was 33. Three of his generals – Antigonus, Ptolemy and Seleucus carved out kingdoms. Those successor kingdoms gradually succumbed to Rome, with Ptolemaic Egypt enduring the longest. (Stokstad)

THE EMPIRE OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT

Title: Mausoleum at Halikarnassos for Maausolos, the Persian governor/ satrap/ tyrant

Architect: Pytheus of Priene Date: c. 359-341 BCE

Source: from Sir Howard Montagu Colvin, CVO, CBE (1919-2007)

Medium: Reconstruction drawing Size: see scale

mausoleum: a monumental tomb, deriving its name from the grand tomb of the tyrant Mausolus of Halicarnassus.

Note: Built before the rise of Alexander, but provided a prototype. A theatrical and metaphoric approach came to characterize the design of Hellenistic public spaces. The famous Colossus of Rhodes, a bronze statue of the sun god Helios, offered a spectacular entry into port.

Alexander the Great: The Diffusion of Hellenism: During his fifteen-year quest to unify the world under one rule, Alexander advanced from Egypt to Babylonia to absorb the Persian Empire but fell short of conquering India. He promoted Greek culture with missionary zeal, and his name became inseparable from Hellenism, or the transmission of Greek ideas. Greek rule no longer pertained to the Greek race alone, eradicating the age-old contrast with barbarian outsiders. Alexander was deified even before his death. The new political atmosphere of deified rulers and powerful client states spawned a demand for formal urban spaces. (OUP)

Mausoleum at Halikarnassos

Title: Mausoleum at Halikarnassos for Maausolos, the Persian Governor, Anatolia

Architect: Pytheus of Priene

Date: monument built circa 359-341 BCE

Museum: Phoenixmasonry Masonic Museum

Medium: ink on paper

Size: n/a

Mausoleum at Halikarnassos

Title: The Masonic House of the Temple of the Scottish Rite, Washington, D.C.

Artist: John Russell Pope, architect (1874 – 1937)

Date: 1911-15 CE

Note: library contains one of the largest collections of materials related to Scottish poet, Freemason and modern Greek hero, Robert Burns

Photography source: archINFORM, Berlin, Germany

Medium: n/a Size: n/a

Influence of the Mausoleum at Halikarnassos

Title: Amazon Frieze, south side of the mausoleum at Halikarnassos

Artist: Skopas (?)

Date: Mid-4th century BCE

Note: Hellenistic artists turned “from gods to mortals, from aloof serenity to individual emotion and from decorous drama to emotional melodrama” (Stokstad)

Museum: The British Museum, London

Medium: Marble panel

Size: height 35" (89 cm

Mausoleum at Halikarnassos

Title: Serapeum (Temple to Serapis) and plan of the city of Alexandria – the Serapium is #7 at lower left in map

Architect: built by Alexander the Great Date: Ptolemaic Period (332-30 BCE)

Source: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-roman-archaeology/article/serapeum-of-alexandaria-its-destruction-and-reconstruction-michael-sabottka-das-serapeum-in-alexandria-untersuchungen-zur-architektur-und-baugeschichte-des-heiligtums-von-der-fruhen-ptolemaischen-zeit-bis-zur-zerstorung-391-nchr-etudes-alexandrines-15-institut-francais-darcheologie-orientale-le-caire-2008-pp-xxvi-372-abb-86-taf-185-issn-11106441-isbn-9782724704716/E13187C8AFBADFE15876B2B88B241ABD, left: wikipedia Medium: plans Size: see scales

Note: The Persians ruled Egypt from 525 BCE, and then Alexander the Great, who founded Alexandria in 332 BCE. at the beginning of the Ptolemaic period. Alexander’s first experience with architecture came with the completion of the Philippeion, a tholos temple at Olympia. After founding the new city of Alexandria at the delta of the Nile in Egypt, the young leader established at least seventy other cities.

ALEXANDRIA

Title: Sanctuary of Athena at Lindos, Rhodes

Architect: Greeks

Date: c. 190 BCE Source: OUP

Medium: stone Size: n/a

stoa: a long, roofed portico with columns along the front and a wall at the back, used for public life in ancient Greece.

Note: the Rhodians rebuilt the breathtaking sanctuary of Athena Lindaia on a hilltop site, referring to the Acropolis in Athens. The famous Colossus of Rhodes, a bronze statue of the sun god Helios, offered a spectacular entry into port.

Note that there is a colonnade in front of the major staircase.

LEGEND: 1-Entry stoa 2-Inner court 3-Temple of Athena Lindaia

Sanctuary of Athena at Lindos, Rhodes

Title: Sanctuary of Athena at Lindos, Rhodes

Architect: Greeks

Date: c. 190 BCE Source: below:http://www.goddess-athena.org/Museum/Temples/Lindia/Acropolis_reconstruction_captions.html; left: https://www.ascsa.edu.gr/resources-landing/details?source=dc&id=Thompson:Image:2263

Medium: stone Size: n/a

Note: photo is undated

Sanctuary of Athena at Lindos, Rhodes

Title: Pergamon, Anatolia

Architect: Attalid dynasty of Pergamon

Date: 280-133 BCE Note: the Altar to Zeus stands on a square plinth or socle.

Source: left: http://mehmet-urbanplanning.blogspot.com/2012/02/bergama-pergamon-antique-city.html; right:https://www.pahor.de/media/catalog/product/cache/1/pahor_original/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/6/5/65903_1.jpg

Medium: right: chromolithograph 1910 Size: n/a

Pergamon, Anatolia

theatre

altar

Title: Theatre, Pergamon, Anatolia

Architect: Attalid dynasty of Pergamon Date: 280-133 BCE

Note: The Attalids shaped the rugged mountain stronghold into a spectacular series of monumental terraces. The upper city’s terraced sequences offered grand theatrical settings and rather than impose a grid worked with the topography.

Source: wikipedia Medium: built into the hillside

Size: 10,000 spectators

Theatre, Pergamon, Anatolia

Title: The west front of the Great Pergamon Altar (restored)

Architect: built during the reign of king Eumenes II

Date: circa 175–150 BCE

Note: In the Great Altar a broad flight of stairs led through an Ionic colonnade to an inner court for sacrifices; the exterior carried a colossal frieze of exceptional drama portraying the battle of the Olympian gods against the giants.

Source/ Museum: below: wikipedia; right: Pergamon Museum/ Staatliche Museen zu Berlin

Medium: left: Karl Humann's 1881 plan of the Pergamon acropolis; center: plan of altar showing what is displayed. right: restored altar

Size: 35.64 meters wide and 33.4 deep (117 x 109 feet 6 inches); Friezes representing the battle between the Giants, son of Gaia, and the gods of Olympus: 110 meters

Friezes on the walls of the court yard representing the history of Telephos, son of Heracles and the legendary founder of Pergamon: 1 meter tall 10 to 90 meters long

Pergamon – Altar of Zeus

Altar

Title: The Pergamon Acropolis

Architect: built during the reign of king Eumenes II

Date: circa 175–150 BCE

Note: n/a

Source: en.wikipedia

Medium: Reconstructed view of the Pergamon Acropolis, Friedrich Thierch, 1882

Size: n/a

Pergamon – Altar of Zeus

Title: Athena and Alkyoneus/ Athena Attacking the Giants, from the east side of the Great Frieze of the Great Pergamon Altar

Date: circa 166-156 BCE

Museum: Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Antikensammlung

Medium: marble, in very high relief Size: height 7' 6”/ 2.29 m.

Pergamon Altar

Title: Don Lee Building, 1000 Van Ness, SF

Architect: Weeks and Day Date: 1921

source: (right):https://thomasoutt.wordpress.com/2013/03/04/1000-van-ness-avenue-san-francisco-california-bear-republic/

Medium: n/a Size: n/a

FOR THOSE WHO THOUGHT THE CALIFORNIA CAPITAL WAS

SACRAMENTO

Note: The Greek mainland becomes a Roman possession in 146 BCE, but much of its artistic legacy had long since been transmitted to the rest of the world.

End of Part 2