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Open Educational Resources & the Future of Learning Rory McGreal UNESCO/COL Chair in OER Virtual Educa Conference March 2012 Paramaribo, Suriname Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (some images fair use)

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Page 1: (some images fair use) Open Educational Resources the ... · Open Educational Resources & the Future of Learning Rory McGreal UNESCO/COL Chair in OER. Virtual Educa Conference. March

Open Educational Resources &  the Future of Learning

Rory McGreal

UNESCO/COL Chair in OER

Virtual Educa

Conference

March 2012

Paramaribo, Suriname

Creative Commons 

Attribution 3.0 

License(some images fair use)

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AU

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Canada’s Open UniversityFastest growing university in Canada+39,000 students + 700 courses

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Frpm

film “My Winnipeg”

Guy Maddin

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Medieval University

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Open Educational Resources (OER)

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Types of OERs• Learning objects, units, textbooks, scholarly articles   

IRRODL.org• Multimedia objects (Flash etc.)

• Courses, programs full curriculum

• Tools, FOSS 

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Granularity• OER comes in many sizes:

– Diagrams, photos, web pages

– Articles (Open access publications)– Games, simulations, activities

– Multimedia

– Units of learning (IMS LD)

– Lessons, modules & courses

– Programmes

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OER: Example

• Content• Pedagogical purpose; to

augment learning about:

1. Paris2. 18393. Urban environments4. Architecture5. Daguerre6. Photography7. Daguerreotypes

From Norm FriesenFrom Norm Friesen

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LessonLesson

ComponentComponentLessonLesson

ComponentComponent

Granularity

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LessonLesson

ModuleModule

ComponentComponentLessonLesson

ModuleModule

ComponentComponent

Granularity

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LessonLesson

ModuleModule

ComponentComponent

CourseCourse

ProgrammeProgramme

LessonLesson

ModuleModule

ComponentComponent

CourseCourse

Granularity

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OER’s are Open (Mostly)

• OERs can be:– Augmented

– Edited– Customized

– Aggregated – Reformatted

– Mashups!

See Scott Leslie’s 10 minute video athttp://www.edtechpost.ca/gems/opened.htm

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OER Benefit: Cost sharing

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OER Benefit: Timely Updating

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OER Benefit:  Number of Learners

20 or 2 million?

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Internet is  the biggest  commons 

Public domain is a  priceless, shared 

heritage wikimedia

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If you could reproduce food   infinitely at no cost?

Wouldn’t it be a crime to not feed the hungry?

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OER• “Open educational 

resources are  materials used to 

support education  that may be freely  accessed, reused, 

modified and shared  by anyone”

(OER Forum)

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Modern learning is not  possible without the skills 

for accessing and using  the Internet 

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They hang the man and flog the womanWho steals the goose from off the commonBut leaves the greater villain looseWho steals the common from off the goose.

Anonymous 1764 or 1821?

Stealing the Goose

turtlemom4bacon

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Mobile Learning

Wireless Access

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Mobile learning

+2 billion Internet connexionsWorld population: 6.8 billion

¼ of the world’s population

http://www.soil‐net.com/album/Places_Objects/slides/Globe%20Planet%20Earth%20NASA.jpg

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http://www.itu.int/ITU‐D/ict/statistics/material/graphs/2010/Internet_users_00‐10_2.jpg

+ 2 billion users

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Web usage worldwide

3.81%Worldwide

Chad 29%Nigeria 25%Sudan 22%

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http://www.itu.int/ITU‐D/ict/statistics/material/graphs/2010/Cellular_signal_03‐09.jpg

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Mobile learning

4.5 billion mobile subscriptions1.5 billion mobile internet 

users

1/3 only access internet  via mobile

90% of world population is covered by cellular

More time 

spent on 

Internet 

with 

Mobile 

than with 

desktops

More time 

spent on 

Internet 

with 

Mobile 

than with 

desktops

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http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1048/1022720488_0a1b779fc8.jpg

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bandwidth

features performance

functionality

usability

accessibility

A Balancing Act

Kent Anderson, Scholarlykitchen.org 

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WWW is flexible for display on  different‐sized screens, enabling user 

preferences (font size, etc.)

Fluid design (elastic or liquid)

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Design for Mobile FIRST

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What technology  has done more to  destroy human 

community than  any other?

Could it be the portable book?

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Why OER for  MLearning?

• DRM (digital rights management)• Digital licenses

digital

 restric

tions ma

nagem

ent?

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DRM (Digital Rights Management)You CANNOT• Copy & paste, annotate, highlight• Text to speech• Format change• Move material • Print out• Move geographically• Use after expiry date• Resell

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Swiss‐copyright.ca

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Digital Millennium Copyright ActDMCA

It is illegal to circumvent  protection mechanisms

(or even criminal)  & to even  share information on how 

to circumvent protection

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Digital Licenses•Copy & paste, annotate, highlight• Text to speech or hyperlink• Format change• Move material to another computer• Print out• Move geographically• Use after expiry date• Resell

• Prohibited to show your content to others • Must accept that you have NO rights

• Owners have NO liability even if product doesn’t work• Owners can “invade”

your computer without permission

• Collect & use personal data• User has a “privilege”

to use the product not own it

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Open ETextbooks

•Copy & paste, annotate, highlight     √• Text to speech or hyperlink

• Format change

√• Move material to other computer 

• Print out

√• Move geographically

• No expiry date

å Reuse/Remix/Mash

•Retain privacy and digital rights

√√Essent

ial for

 Mobi

le imp

lement

ations

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Access Rights?Vendors can control how, when, 

where, and with what specific  brands of technological 

assistance audiences are able to  access content

You bu

y but y

ou don

’t get

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= 2 jiffies  or 200 milliseconds

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Rory McGreal Fred Mulder

UNESCO Chairholdersin OER Partners

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OER for DevelopmentGoal of developing together a universal educational resource available for the whole of humanity…

hope that this

open resource for the future mobilizes the whole of the worldwide community of educators”

UNESCO 2002

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UNESCO OER  Community

• OER Wiki

• OER Discussion  group

• International

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• http://cnx.org/content/m15211/latest/

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OER: Type of Licence

GNU

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Wayne Macintosh

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Open Curriculum

Students choose what is of interest to  them and what meets their 

professional development needs from  the “smorgasbord”

of available open 

courses –

Jim Taylor

designed and based solely on OER

Jim Taylor

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OER University  Concept

Jim Taylor

California?Washington?

Jim Taylor

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EducationOur Content

Our Support

Our

Students

Judith Murray, TRU

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EducationAny Content

Any Support

Any

students

Judith Murray, TRU

OUR ASS

ESSMENT

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The restriction of the commons by patents, copyright, and databases [right] is not in the interests of society and unduly hampers scientific endeavour.

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“On the part of rich countries  there is excessive zeal for 

protecting knowledge  through an unduly rigid 

assertion of the right to  intellectual property . . .”

Pope Benedict XVI

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“On the part of rich countries there  is excessive zeal for protecting 

knowledge through an unduly  rigid assertion of the right to 

intellectual property . . .”

Pope Benedict XVI

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"Let's put all this hype about change and  transformation in perspective. It's underhyped."

"There's something  coming after us, and I 

imagine it is something  wonderful.”

"Danny Hillis, Wired

Change

« le changem

ent s’im

pose, la survie est 

une option; fa

ites le

 bon choix »

François Tavenas, a

ncien recteur de l’U

niversitéLav

al

“Change is m

andatory, survival is an

 

option. Ma

ke the right choice.”

François Tavenas, a

ncien recteur de l’U

niversitéLav

al

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General Eric Shinseki, retired Chief of Staff, U. S. Army

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[email protected]@athabascau.caAshanti