STUDENTS BOOKUNIT 6POINTS OF VIEW

p. 59 The Wrong Guy

1. assume suppose, think, imagine, believe; accept without proof. varaudi, daSveba, warmodgena2. to quiz - ; 3. to reject refuse; rebuff; decline; 4. to be due to do 5. lawsuit p.61 Ex.1 1. gurdwara [g:'dw: r]- siqxebis salocavi 2. synagogue ['sinegog]- sinagoga 3. mosque [mosk] -meCeTi

p. 61 The Growth of a Religion1. hoax a trick played on several people, esp. by media; trick; practical joke; ; 2. to surface - ; 3. to assert to say that sth. is definitely true; declare; state; 4. Jedi [jedai] - a person who claims to live according to a philosophy based on that of the fictional Jedi, a caste of wizards in the Star Wars series of films by George Lucas, US film director5. fictional ; 6. forthcoming happening soon, approaching; 7. census ['senss] ; 8. connect with ; ; 9. conventional religion 10. it is apparent TvalsaCinoa, rom; aSkaraa, rom11. target aim; goal; 12. to identify oneself warsdges, iwodebodes13. to confirm corroborate; verify ; 14. religious affiliation religiuri kuTvnileba; /affiliation a persons connection with the religion or political party.15. to determine ; ; 16. to gain speed 17. to hold a census 18. whats more garda amisa; rac ufro mniSvnelovania; kidev ufro meti , () , () , () 19. to identify with gaigiveba;20. to give weight to a claim support, //21. breakdown kvlevis analizi, kategoria, klasifikacia, dayofa, 22. legitimate officially accepted.p. 62 Game Show Scandals infamous ['infms]= notorious, disgraceful; famous for doing something bad; samarcxvino, cudi reputaciis mqoneA Charles Van Doren 1. viewing public 2. to launch a show 3. contestant 4. challenger contestant; competitor; ; 5. to compete 6. cash prize 7. head-to-head- a competition involving two people, teams, etc; pirispir,8. dull boring; uninteresting; 9. to feature gamosaxva, daxatva10. accusations began to emerge 11. cheating TaRliToba, motyueba12. vehemently fervently; hotly; 13. distressing -samwuxaro14. faith confidence; trust; 15. to reveal make known, disclose, show, demonstrate, display gamomJRavneba, Cveneba16. to script 17. to be involved in iyo CaTreuli, gareuli, CarTuli;18. deception trick; dishonesty; ; ; ;

B Michael Larson

1. pure clean; untainted; ; 2. whammy 1. something which has great, often negative, impact; an event with a powerful and unpleasant effect; a blow. 2. An evil or unlucky influence: "put the whammy on them3. to spin a wheel 4. at random alal-bedze, ; 5. to be on air 6. pattern sistema, struqtura; naxati, magaliTi, modeli,nimuSi, Sabloni;7. genuinely authentically; ; 8. frame by frame calkeuli kadrebiT9. to hand over - gacema10. to win the argument 11. edition gamocema, gamoSvebaC Major Charles Ingram 1. host 1. ; 2. 2. to change ones mind - gadafiqreba3. TV crew 4. To cough 5. Crucial moments - / ; 6. To start an investigation 7. Prosecution ; 8. To convict 9. Innocent p. 66 Essay: Opinion 1. To acknowledge ; ; 2. to decline 1. uaris Tqma; 2. Semcireba; 3.gauareseba3. To suffer terrible injustice 4. to value dafaseba;5. Noble activity 6. Bullying [buli] ; ; 7. Moral code 8. Undoubtedly certainly; unquestionably; ; WORKBOOKUNIT 6p. 49 The Church of England 1. Via [vai] through; by means of; ; 2. To become firmly established 3. To convert 4. Archbishop 5. Unbroken to this day 6. Split - 7. Divorce 8. Go through ; ; 9. To revert to 10. To come to the throne 11. To execute 2. Secruleba, aRsruleba; execution - n12. Decade 13. To be excluded from public life 14. To elect to 15. To grant full rights and liberties 16. Heir to the throne 17. To forbid by law p. 51 It must be true I saw it on TV 1. String of scandals 2. To rig a competition ; Sedegebis gayalbeba, falsificireba (to rig elections, votes, methods) rig n WaburRili;3. phone-in competition konkursi, sadac gamarjvebuli saxeldeba satelefono zarebis mixedviT.4. to mislead misled misled SecdomaSi Seyvana5. Extensive press coverage (xSirad) 6. Loss of confidence 7. To perceive see; identify; ; 8. Greedy voracious; insatiable; hungry; 9. Dishonest lying; false; 10. Notorious infamous; ; , samarcxvino;A. Blue Peter 1. Viewer 2. To take part in the poll 3. poll n- gamokiTxva, kvlevis Catareba 2. amomrCevelTa sia; V- kenWisyris Catareba, xmis micema;4. turned out to be aRmoCnda, rom iyo5. Allegedly supposedly; 6. Obesity [b'i:siti] n- obese [b'i:s] adj.- msuqani;7. Deception ; ; 8. To come to light 9. To be sacked ; ; 10. To make a humble apology 11. Prior to before - 12. To fake false; forged; B. A Year with the Queen 1. To resign 2. Trailer ; 3. To misrepresent ; 4. To carry out duties 5. To storm out 6. Photoshoot 7. Renowned famous; well-known; celebrated; 8. Footage 9. Exit 10. tiara [ti'r] tiara, gvirgvini, diadema;11. To film 12. To edit - 13. To broadcast C. GMTV1. To defraud out of 2. Premium-rate 3. Profit 4. To fine 5. To refund D. Celebrity Chef1. Spear 2. spear gun - a device for shooting spears underwater3. To barbecue p. 551. Slick ; , ; araoriginaluri; 2. priala, gluvi, slikina;2. Interface r; ; momxmarebelTan urTierTmomqmedi programa, an programis nawili 3. Survey ; 4. Valid results 5. Questionnaire [kwest'n] 6. numerical- ricxobrivi, cifrobrivi7. Meaningless empty; pointless; ; 8. bunch of statements ramodenime winadadeba / ganmarteba 9. scale - Skala10. to come up with to produce, to find11. accurate ['kjrt] - zusti12. Comprehensive data yovlismomcveli/ 13. behavioural science mecniereba qcevis Sesaxeb 14. Accomplice partner in crime; assistant; 15. willing accomplice- nebayofloviTi Tanamzraxveli16. Ignition 17. to tune- regulireba

p.55 Use of Englishhead off giJiviT;drone guguni

STUDENTS BOOKUNIT 7PUTTING THE WORLD TO RIGHTSp. 71 ex. 11. carbin dioxide naxSirmJava 2. Fossil fuel - 3. Greenhouse effect 4. Solar power 5. Nuclear energy 6. Threat danger; risk; hazard; 7. To pump out 8. To trap catch; ; 9. Heat 10. Deforestation 11. coastal sanapiro coast- napiri coastline sanapiro zoli12. Unpredictable random; erratic; a 13. Severe harsh; strict; ; 14. Flood 15. Drought [draut] gvalva16. to become extinct gadaSeneba17. to alter Secvla, gadakeTeba;18. Urgent need 19. Emission release; production; 20. to overtake daweva, gadaswreba21. to prove difficult aRmoCndes Zneli, iyos Zneli praqtikulad22. To reach an international agreement 23. Alternative sources of energy 24. To advocate to support; to back; ;

Vocabulary Builder 7.11. dryer 1.saSrobi 2. abzorbenti nivTiereba, romelic STanTqavs wyals.2. tumble dryer = tumble drier - a machine that dries wet laundry by rotating it in warmed air a. inside a metal drum3. organic food naturaluri produqti4. solar panel mzis batarea;Vocabulary Builder 7.31. low-sodium diet ['suditm]-umarilo dieta2. high-fibre diet dieta, romelic gulisxmobs didi raodenobiT mcenareuli qsovilis miRebas3. vegan [vi:gn] - mkacri vegetarianeli4. kosher conforming to jewish law; fit for use: esp, (of food) prepared in accordance with the dietary laws; 2. (informal) a) genuine or authentic b) legitimate or proper 5. halal - meat from animals that have been killed according to Muslim law

p. 73 See it before its too late1. Coral reef 2. Ice cap ; ; 3. Threat of extinction 4. To loom become visible; appear; ; ; ; to loom large 1.didi zegavlenis moxdena; 2. emuqrebodes, iyos seriozuli, mniSvnelovani, yuradRebamisqcevi (safrTxe, problema)5. interest group jgufi adamianebis, romlebsac aqvT saerTo interesi konkretuli kanonproeqtis miRebaSi an saerTo mizani garkveulo saxiT zegavlena moaxdinon sazogadoebriv azrze.6. Beaver [bi:v] 7. Lynx [links] 8. Magnificent superb; wonderful; 9. Primeval forest 10. Pocket - ; 11. Swathe 12. To fan the fire 13. Economic growth 14. Aghast ['gst] horrified; shocked; filled with surprise or horror ; 15. To lumber ; ; 16. Bypass ; ; SemovliTi gza;17. Outcry protest; disagreement; ; 18. To halt stop the progress of; stop; ; 19. Construction 20. Huge public outcry 21. To rev up 22. Digger ; 23. To secure permanent protection 24. Marine turtles 25. marine zRvis, wylis;26. To fight a war on two fronts 27. Fertilizer 28. Run-off 29. Along the coast 30. To trigger an explosion of trigger n- sasxleti, v- dawyeba, inicireba, gamowveva31. Crown-of-thorns starfish thorn- ekali32. To thrive on ; 33. Waste 34. To gorge on ; 35. Tiny minute; small; 36. Polyps 37. Dire consequences saSineli / 38. To bleach - 39. To continue unchecked 40. To kiss a goodbye p. 74 Food for Free1. to poke - Cayofa, CiCqvna2. skip- nagvis bunkeri3. bulging gagaberili, gasivebuli, Sesivebuli, gamoSverili, gamoberili4. To beckon ; 5. Delicious 6. Almond 7. croissant ['krw:sn]- kruasani8. Freegan A person who consumes discarded goods, mostly food, especially an environmentally concerned person who wishes to protect the environment and challenge consumerism cycles by waste reduction9. Shamefully wasteful consumer society 10. Outrage ;TviTneboba; ; 11. To tuck into ; 12. Crayfish 13. Lettuce 14. baguette [bget] mogrZo TeTri puri15. decent - proper and suitable; fitting; wesieri, Sesaferisi16. to amount to- udris, Seadgens, aRwevs; 17. staggering - astounding or overwhelming; shocking18. before it is past its sell-by date sanam guava gayidvis vada19. Vulnerable ; 20. Endless supply 21. to look to it that zrunva, yuradRebis miqceva;22. Surplus food 23. Rubbish 24. Landfill 25. To decompose into ; 26. destructive negative; harsh; 27. to be committed to erTguli, Tavdadebuli, gulSematkivaricommitment n- erTguleba, Tavdadeba, gulSematkivroba;28. binning 29. consumer - 30. consumerism The protection or promotion of the interests of consumers.p. 78 ex. 61. to be credited for -to ascribe (to); give credit (for); to accept as true; believe; to attribute; miawero vinmes (rames) raRacis gakeTeba/raime qmedeba;2. to maintain 3. in favor of / 4. nuclear weapons 5. to deter from to discourage (from acting) or prevent (from occurring), usually by inspiring fear, doubt, or anxiety , xelis SeSla6. to retaliate hit back; strike back; 7. immune to ; ; 8. to launch a nuclear offensive ieriSis dawyeba birTvuli iaraRiT, 9. furthermore also; in addition; 10. to give a definitive answer to erTmniSvnelovani / 11. on balance 12. better-off ;13. deterrent Semacerebeli, Semakavebeli;p. 80 Organic Food: why? 1. many ills are laid at the feet of conventional farming ; 2. foot-and-mouth disease is an infectious and sometimes fatal viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals, including domestic and wild bovid (). The virus causes a high fever for two or three days, followed by blisters inside the mouth and on the feet that may rupture and cause lameness. Turquli (veterinaluri daavadeba)3. BSE = msxvili rqosani pirutyvis daavadeba (gadamdebi adamianebze)4. Sparrows - 5. to blame sth. on sb/ath. daabralo rame vinmes an rames;6. to be keen to do - eager or enthusiastic7. to be increasingly keen to do ufro da ufro gindodes;8. to promote ; ; popularizacia; dawinaureba;9. to expand get bigger, make bigger/ greater in intense, size, volume or scope; increase; gadideba, gafarToveba10. lengthy and ongoing research 11. to reject - to refuse to accept, acknowledge, use, believe, etc12. claim ; 13. cross-party 14. exhaustive investigation 15. scientific evidence 16. invariably true [in'vribli] 17. notion impression, an idea, concept, or opinion idea, warmodgena, azri, cneba, koncefcia18. to contradict ; 19. yet ; 20. artificial and elaborate diet d SemuSavebuli 21. to dominate to control; to rule; ; 22. to distinguish between -to make, show, or recognize a difference or differences (between or among); differentiate (between); ganasxvavo;23. game nanadirevi gareuli cxovelis xorci24. additives danamatebi (sakvebis)25. to put technology to a positive end 26. virtue ; 27. dominant ; 28. contemporary 29. to wreck the nature 30. vote of 31. be blissfully ignorant 32. human intervention

WORKBOOK UNIT 7p. 59 Whats Green and Flies?1. To recycle ; 2. Scrap of paper 3. Reluctant to ; 4. Make a sacrifice gaReba/ 5. supposedly 1.sayovelTao azriT; 2. savaraudod, viTomda;6. hypocrisy sicrue, siyalbe, farisevloba, moCvenebiToba; eco-hypocrisy moCvenebiTi zrunva garemosa da ekologiaze;7. Environmentally-friendly 8. campaigners kampaniis monawile9. environmental campaigners ekologiurad sufTa garemosaTvis brZolis kampaniis monawile;10. In spite of 11. To urge 12. To cut down on 13. Short-haul flight 14. To account for ; , Seadgens;15. Gas output 16. Destination ; 17. focus group - a group of people brought together to give their opinions on a particular issue or product, often for the purpose of market research; fokus jgufi marketinguli kvlevis meTodi;18. To lead a study 19. Findings 20. To reflect ; 21. Widespread trend 22. Committed dedicated; loyal; devoted; ; ; 23. to see a way around sth. orientireba (problemis irgvliv)24. Striking outstanding; 25. To break an addiction p. 61 War on Waste 1. to dump gadmotvirTva, gadayra;2. landfill nagavsayreli;3. to give off emit , gamocema, gamoyofa, gamosxiveba;4. impact crash; collision; shock; ; 5. To crack down on ;6. To launch a campaign - ;7. chef [ef] Sef-mzareuli;8. Leftover ;9. Accurate precise; correct; exact; ;10. Age group - ;11. pasta makaronisgan momzadebuli nebismieri kerZi;12. Dispose of ; ; ; 13. to come up with the idea mivida im azramde, rom;14. To raise public awareness 15. Loose ; ; 16. to look out for SerCeva, amorCeva17. The food can go off quickly 18. to affect quality (sakvebis) xarisxi gaufuWdes, gaxdes ufro uxarisxo;19. Rotate turn around; ; ; 20. tip advice;21. To fry ; .

STUDENTS BOOKUNIT 8CAUGHT IN THE NETEx.4 p.821. to move out dacla binis;2. to turn up - to arrive or appear;3. cool off to calm downWhen Information Becomes T.M.I.1. T.M.I = too much information;2. quality feature; Tviseba, Tavisebureba;3. willingness readiness, motivation, enthusiasm, eagerness; mzadyofna, survili;4. to border esazRvrebodes, axlos/iqve mdebareobdes; to border on sth gavdes, waagavdes;it is a willingness bordering on compulsion es aris survili, romelic Zalian gavs iZulebas;5. to turn out to appear, to seem, to prove;6. desperate -1) careless of danger, as from despair; sasowarkveTili, uimedo; 2) (of an act) reckless; risky sarisko, riskiani7. plea Txovna, saCivari;8. petition Txovna, peticia, Suamdgomloba;9. to reflect asaxva, arekvla, damowmeba;10. Some of the Sites users saw the episode as a chance to reflect am saitis zogierTma momxmarebelma CaTvala, rom es SemTxveva iyo maTTvis kargi Sansi msgavsi SeniSvnebi gamoeTqvaT;11. to inundate to flood ; walekva, gavseba, gadavseba;12. to acknowledge to admit; to accept, to recognise; aRiareba;13. outcry xmauriani protesti, samarTliani risxva;14. to mess up to make a mess, to dirt, to spoil;15. option arCevani;16. to opt out to choose not to be involved (in) or part (of); monawileobis ar miReba, garideba;The man who is Paid to be an Alien1. to envy Suri;2. to take note (of) yuradRebis miqceva, mxedvelobaSi miReba;3. impressive STambeWdavi;;to impress- v- STabeWilebis moxdena impression n- STabeWdileba;1. milestone 1. manZilis aRmniSvneli qva; 2. maCvenebeli, niSnuli, 3. mniSvnelovani, istoriuli movlena, etapi, niSansveti5. split gayofa, gaxleCva;6. exchange rate valutis kursi, gadacvlis kursi;7. virtual worlds are here to stay virtualuri samyaro didxans darCeba CvenTan / momavalSic didxans iqneba;8. to convince smb. of sth to make (someone) agree, understand, or realize the truth or of something; persuade; daajero, daarwmuno;

Are Chat Rooms Dangerous?1. facility - ease of action or performance; freedom from difficulty; opportunity; SesaZlebloba, xelsayreli pirobebi, siadvile;2. privately 1. sakuTar Tavze, piradad; 2.araoficialurad; kerZo saubarSi 3. konfedencialurad;3. to go off to (place) to go to;4. to pop in cota xniT Sevla vinmesTan (sanaxavad, sasaubrod, saWoraod);5. to hang around usaqmod yofna, bodiali, yiali;6. to contribute- wvlilis Setana, TanamSromloba, daxmareba;7. stick with- to remain for a long time.

p.92 Use of English1. to bare gaSiSvleba, gamxela, gaxsna;2. innermost-gulis siRrmeSi arsebuli;3. repercussion -a result or consequence, esp one that is somewhat removed from the action or event which precipitated it; 2. a reflection, esp of sound; echo or reverberation.

WORKBOOKUNIT 8CAUGHT IN THE NETBe Careful What You Say1. theft - the dishonest taking of property belonging to another person with the intention of depriving the owner permanently of its possession; Qqurdoba; 2) rare something stolen; naqurdali;identity theft - the crime of setting up and using bank accounts and credit facilities fraudulently in another person's name without his or her knowledge pirovnebis identurobis qurdoba'(piradobis damadasturebel dokumentebSi arsebuli informaciis moparva, TaRliTobisaTvis, mag. bankSi sesxis miReba, romelic xSird internetiT xorcieldeba) = phishing;2. fraud TaRliToba;3. fraudster = trickster= conman = con artist = swindler; TaRliTi;4. to obtain mopoveba, SeZena; miReba;5. to give away gasce (saidumlo, informacia);6. to estimate gamoTvla, dadgena, Sefaseba;7. tool iaraRi, saSualeba, instrumenti, marioneti;8. to conduct Catareba (krebis, kvlevis, gamoZiebis, kampaniis);9. to apply for job gancxadebiT mimarTo samsaxurisTvis;10. application gancxadeba;11. accurate zusti; accurately - zustad;

A Dangerous Habit 1. to predispose 1. midrekilebis qona; 2. winaswar gansazRvra;2. compulsive gamer- adamiani, romelsac aqvs Zlieri midrekileba/siyvaruli TamaSebisadmi, TiTqmis avadmyofuri;3. to reveal gamomJRavneba, Cveneba, gamoaSkaraveba;4. to display to show, demonstrate;5. subject 1.adamiani, subieqti; 2. damokidebuli;6. withdrawal symptoms - the period a drug addict goes through following abrupt termination in the use of narcotics, usually characterized by physical and mental symptoms; simptomebi, romlebic Tan axlavs narkotikebis miRebis Sewyvetas;7. craving- instant desire, longing for sth. gagiJebiT ndoma/survili8. to neglect ignorireba;9. alarming sagangaSo, SemaSfoTebeli;10. to populate -to live in; inhabit; dasaxleba, cxovreba;11. wizard- jadoqari;12. obsessive maniakaluri;13. suicide TviTmkvleloba, suicidi;14. to be likely to do rogorc mosalodnelia, savaraudod, rogorc Cans;15. drawn by provocirebuli, gamowveuli;16. stand alone - capable of operating independently of any other device or system; avtonomiuri, damoukidebeli; momuSave konteqstis mixedviT;17. excessively metismetad bevrs, zedmetad bevrs;18. medium [mi:dim] garemo, viTareba, pirobebi, realoba;19. predisposition midrekileba;20. to come in for daimsaxuros, miiRos Sexvdes, Tavs daitexos;21. a host of = a lot of;22. hotline cxeli xazi, to launch a hotline - cxeli xazis CarTva;23. to combat to fight, to struggle;24. to get immersed to get involved deeply; engrossed; CagiTrios;25. oblivious (to, of) dabneuli, yuradRebis ar mimqcevi, gulmaviwyi;26. escapism realobidan gaqceva.

pp. 70-711. wise - brZeni, Wkviani; wisely brZnulad, Wkvianurad; 2. fur coat-qurqi;3. to work out mixvedra, gadaWra (problemis), amoxsna (amocanis), SemuSaveba (gegmis);4. to figure out understand, calculate, solve;5. to release gaTavisufleba, gamoSveba (filmis, wignis, Jurnalis/ gazeTis axali nomris);6. handbrake xelis muxruWi;7. gear siCqareebis gadamcemi kolofi; 8. to take a car out of gear gamorTo manqana siCqaridan; 9. neutral "neitrali" (manqana siCqaridan gamorTul mdgomareobaSi);10. kerb bordiuri;11. to imitate to copy, to duplicate, to mimic; mibaZva;

p.73 .Reading1. geek - (slang) a person who is preoccupied with or very knowledgeable about computing2. computer geek programisti, romlisTvisac programebSi Secdomebis aRmoCena gadaiqca cxovrebis wesad; 3. shorthand stenography; a system of rapid handwriting employing simple strokes and other symbols to represent words or phrases; stenografia;4. emoticon = emotion + icon; any of several combinations of symbols used in electronic mail and text messaging to indicate the state of mind of the writer, such as :-) to express happiness; emoTikoni, smailiki5. to wink Tvalis daxamxameba, Tvalis Cakvra;6. to frown [frun] Sublis SeWmuxnva, kopebis Sekvra;7. quasi- -almost but not really; seemingly 2) resembling but not actually being; so-called;8. nave [ni:v] miamiti, gulubryvilo; navely - miamiturad, gulubryvilod; 9. youthful axalgazrduli;10. applied appropriately Tu Sesabamisad/ gonivrulad gamoviyenebT;11. to dismiss uaris Tqma; gadagdeba, gagdeba, moSoreba; 2. samsaxuridan daTxovna/moxsna;12. juvenile young, youthful, childish; axalgazrduli;13. to come in handy - aRmoCndes sasargeblo /gamosayenebeli;14. intimacy axlo kavSiri/ urTierToba; siaxlove;15. to rely (on) dayrdnoba; ndoba;16. to be faced (with)dagayenon problemis/uaryofiTis /cudis winaSe;17. to take to - to form a liking for, esp after a short acquaintance; Tavidanve mogewonos;18. to have hard time to have difficultyvdoing, to find it difficult to do; giWirdes;19. tenderness sinaze, sirbile, alersi, sikeTe, mzrunveloba20. to convey to express, to communicate, to pass on; to transmit;21. affection - love, fondness, liking, wormth, friendliness;22. boo! fu!23. tech [tek] teqnikosi;24. strikingly saocrad, dasaocrad, gansacvifreblad;25. sophisticated daxvewili, Wkvianuri, rTuli; gamocdili;26. dime -10 centiani moneta;27. not to make a dime kapikic ki ver gaakeTo;28. before long soon; 29. lingua franca - a particular lingua franca spoken from the time of the Crusades (jvarosnebi) to the 18th century in the ports of the Mediterranean, based on Italian, Spanish, French, Arabic, Greek, and Turkish.

STUDENTS BOOKUNIT 9IN SEARCH OF A BETTER LIFEEx.2-3.p.931. to shift work cvlaSi muSaoba;2. to get the sack- gagaTavisuflon/mogxsnan samsaxuridan;3. to be made redundent SemcirebaSi moyola;4. to hand in your notice- mimarTo gancxadebiT samsaxuridan wasvlis Taobaze;5. to be on maternity leave- dekretul SvebulebaSi yofna;6. to be in charge of- xelmZRvaneloba.

Ex.1. p.941. to gain a good reputation kargi reputaciis mopoveba;2. to resent to dislike, to hate, not to loke;3. to gain a degree diplomis aReba;4. to admit miReba;5. wide range farTo speqtri/arCevani/asortimenti/diapazoni;

Coming to America1. predominantly mostely, mainly; ZiriTadad, umeteswilad;2. to flee fled-fled gaqceva, Tavis daRweva, TavSesafaris Zebna;3. influx ['inflks] the arrival or entry of many people or things; nakadi (xalxis, emigrantebis, turistebis, finansebis, fondebis, investiciis); 2) the act of flowing in; inflow nakadi, dineba (wylis, haeris, gazis , navTis) 3) the mouth of a stream or river mdinaris SesarTavi, saTave;4. melting pot - an area in which many races, ideas, etc., are mixed; sadnobi Rumeli sociologiuri termini, romelic gaxda ramdenime Taobis amerikeli emigrantebis asimilaciis simbolo. pirvelad es termini ixmara ingliselma dramaturgma israel zanguilma amave saxelwodebis piesaSi, romelSic asaxulia ebraeli emigrantebis cxovreba amerikaSi. Tanamedrove sociologebi amjobineben termins salad bowl -, romelic gulisxmobs eTnikuri kulturis elementebis SenarCunebas da ara maT erT kulturad gadadnobas. 5. soil miwa, niadagi;6. arduous [':djus] difficult, heavy, hard; mZime, Zneli, rTuli;menial job dabalanazRaurebadi samuSao (mosamsaxuris, msaxuris, laqias);The Brit School1. to have something in common qondeT saerTo;2. recording artists momRerlebi, romlebic weren musikalur albomebs xmis Camwer studiebSi;3. oversubscribe - to subscribe or apply for in excess of available supply;4. performing arts - the arts that are primarily performed before an audience, such as dance and drama;5. insecure - not confident or certain; unstable or shaky; arasaimedo /aramyari/ aramtkice; aradarwmunebuli, eWviani;6. to crushpress, defeat; gasresva, gaTelva; zed gadavla; daWmuWvna (qsovilis);7. solid myari; uwyveti (xazi);8. to shatter damsxvreva, msxvreva; namsxvrevebad qceva;9. to chant to sing;10. to rehearse repeticia, repeticiis gavla;rehearsal - repeticia; dress rehearsal- generaluri repeticia;11. debut ['deibju] debiuti;12. to release gamocema, gamoSveba (wignis, filmis, musikaluri albomis); gaTavisufleba (patimrobidan);

Vocabulary Builder9.11. joiner -a person trained and skilled in making finished woodwork, such as windows, doors, and stairs; durgali;2. proven damtkicebuli, damowmebuli, gamocdili;3. track record -the past record of the accomplishments and failures of a person, business, etc; samuSao gamocdileba, muSaobis staJi; 4. National Curriculum erovnuli saswavlo gegma;5. foundation subjects - the subjects studied as part of the National Curriculum, including the compulsory core subjects;6. PE = physical education; fiz-aRzrda;7. GCSE abbr. for General Certificate of Secondary Education: a public examination in specified subjects for 16-year-old schoolchildren. It replaced the GCE O-level and CSE;8. vocational qualifications profesiuli swavleba;Letter of Application 1. maturita examination simwifis atestatis gamocdebi;2. I have reasonable command of spoken English sakmaod kargad vflob salaparako inglisurs;3. query ['kwiri]- kiTxva, SekiTxva;4. favourably Tavazianad, dadebiTad5. at your earliest convinience pirvelive SesaZleblobaze; rogorc ki mogixerxdebaT;The English and their Social Classes1. acutely -mwvaved, Zlier;2. class-conscious aware of belonging to a particular social rank or grade, esp in being hostile or proud because of class distinctions 3. politically cotrrect (PC) demonstrating progressive ideals, esp. by avoiding vocabulary that is considered offensive, discriminatory, or judgmental, esp concerning race and gender sazogadod miRebuli; politkoreqtuli4. to disguise [disgaiz] garegnobis Secvla, SeniRbva; gadacma, maskirovka5. well-meaning - having or indicating good or benevolent intentions, usually with unfortunate results; keTili ganzraxvebis mqone6. squeamish ['skwimi] mgrZnobiare, mtkivneuli; vinc mtkivneulad ganicdis; 7. to go to great length yvelafrisTvis mzad iyo, yvelaferze waxvide; ar SeuSide arafers; ar gaCerde arafris winaSe;8. to resort (to) mimarTo rames, gamoiyeno9. blunt uxeSi, ukmexi, pirdapiri (saubrisas);10. no-nonsense sensible, practical, down-to-earth, serious; saqmiani, seriozuli;11. angst SiSi, SfoTi, gangaSi, aRelveba;12. angst-ridden SiSiT Sepyrobili;13. subtle nazi, saTuTi, odnav SesamCnevi; Wkviani, SorsmWvreteli;14. at most didi-didi, maqsimum;at least sul at best saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi;at worst uares SemTxvevaSi;15. posh (brit) aristokratia, aristokratuli16. pleb = plebeian plebei, mdabio, vulgaruli17. grubby=untidy WuWyiani, feTxumi;18. run-down Zveli, gacveTili, Ddangrevis piras myofi; sacodavi; daSlili; Zalagamoclili; Seryeuli (janmrTeloba);19. settee a seat, for two or more people, with a back and usually with armstaxti, kanape;20. destitute 1. Zalian Raribi, xelmokle, gawirvebuli, uqoneli; 2. mitovebuli, migdebuli, umweo;21. indicator maCvenebeli, niSani;22. irrelevance n- uadgiloba, Seuferebloba, usargebloba; mniSvnelobis ar qona (raime sakiTxTan momarTebaSi)relevance- n relevant adj.; irrelevant adj.;23. meritocracy sistema, sadac adamianis mdgomareoba sazogadoebaSi ganisazRvreba misi niWiT da unariT. 24. painstakingly gulmodgined, bejiTad, yuradRebiT.

WORKBOOKUNIT 9IN SEARCH OF A BETTER LIFEEx.4. p. 75.1. per annum annually/ a year; In Search of the Sun 1. to poach 1. brakonieroba; 2. miTviseba/moparva, (ideebis), gadmobireba (TanamSromlebis);2. labour shortage muSaxelis nakleboba/ simcire;3. Down Under avstralia an axali zelandia; avstraliaSi an axal zelandiaSi4. shamelessly urcxvad, usircxvilod;5. drive kampania6. cabinet maker durgali, avejis xelosani/gamkeTebeli7. criteria [krai'tiri] (pl)kriteriumebi; criterion (sing)- kriteriumi;to fit the criteria akmayofilebde /jdebode kriteriumebs/Si;8. fast-track - to speed up the progress of (a project or person);9. scheme [skim] gegma, proeqti, programa, sqema;10. severe shortage mwvave nakleboba;School Dropouts1. ladder kibe;2. promising showing promise of favourable development or future success; imedismomcemi;3. to secure 1. garantireba, uzrunvelyofa; 2. dacva;4. recreation director dasasvenebeli kompleqsis direqtori;5. asset aqtivi, qoneba6. Kill Bill - a two-part 20032004 action/thriller film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino. Kill Bill was originally scheduled for a single theatrical release, but with a running time of over four hours, it was separated into two volumes;7. odd-looking ucnauri garegnobis mqone;8. to tease dacinva, gamojavreba, gaRizianeba;9. to take off - to become successful or popular, esp suddenly; Ex. 1. p.81.1. self-starter - a person who is strongly motivated and shows initiative, esp at work; iniciatorobis unaris mqone;Ex.4.p.82.to sample gamoscado, gasinjo, igemo; -n- nimuSi;

STUDENTS BOOKUNIT 10OUT OF THIS WORLD

out of this world the title of the unit is a play of words. out of this world is an idiomatic expression meaning absolutely amazing. Here it is used in its literal sense.(pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT).Ex.1.p.103.1. capsule the part of a rocket that the austronauts travel in; hermetuli kabina;2. mission kosmosSi gafrena; kosmosuri frena;3. mission control- kosmosuri frenis marTvis centri 4. to orbit orbitaze gasvla; orbitaze brunva;5. space shuttle mravaljeradi kosmosuri safreni aparati6. space station -any large manned artificial satellite designed to orbit the earth during a long period of time thus providing a base for scientific and medical research in space and a construction site, launch pad, and docking arrangements for spacecraft;7. touchdown miwaze daSveba;8. gravity gravitacia, mizidulobis Zala;9. satellite sateliti, Tanamgzavri.Vocabulary Builder p.138 see workbook ex.1 p.831. extraterrestrial ucxoplaneteli;2. altitude simaRle, simaRle zRvis donidan;War of the Worlds1. science fiction samecniero-fantastika2. to capture imagination miipyros yuradReba;3. to advance rapidly swrafad win svla/ dawinaureba;4. Martian [m:n] -1. of, occurring on, or relating to the planet Mars; marsianeli; 2) an inhabitant of Mars, esp in science fiction;

Confessions of an Astronaut 1. Confessions aRiareba, aRsareba;2. launch pad - 1) a platform from which a spacecraft, rocket, etc., is launched; sastarto platforma2) an effective starting point for a career, enterprise, or campaign; sawyisi wertili;3. rehearsal repeticia; dress rehearsal -generaluri repeticia;4. to strap Rvedis Sekvra (TviTmfrinavSi da a.S.)5. to contract SekumSva, dapataraveba;6. to creak wripini;7. pressure suit - an inflatable suit worn by a person flying at high altitudes or in space, to provide protection from low pressure; skafandri; pnevmokostumi;8. leak n- gaJonva; - v- gaJonva;9. antechamber [nti'teimb] vestibuli, Sesasvleli, misaRebi;10. harness usafrTxoebis Rvedi; paraSutis Rvedebi;11. hatch ; patara kari, sarqveli;12. to retreat ukan daxeva, uaris Tqma;13. banter keTili/ gulRia gaxumreba, xumroba;14. underneath qvemoT, qveviT, qveS;15. corps korpusi (samxedro SenaerTi);16. tension daZabuloba;building tension mzardi daZabuloba;17. visor [vaiz] kosmonavtis Cafxutis pirisaxis SuSa; qudis winafra;18. T-31 - At T-31 seconds, the system goes to what is called Auto Sequence Start; the shuttles computers take control and monitor systems for launch. Many a launch has been scrubbed at T-31 seconds or even closer to T-0 when the computers detect a problem and hold the launch.19. T -6 - At T-6.6 seconds, the three space shuttle main engines come to life;20. valve [vlv] any device that shuts off, starts, regulates, or controls the flow of a fluid; vintili; sarqveli; klapani21. propellant raketis sawvavi; 22. off-centre periferia, centrisgan moSorebiT;23. to rock rweva, qanaoba;24. reading monacemebi;25. to ignite [ig'nait] daqoqva, momarTva, anTeba;26. to point (aq) specialurad momzadeba;27. straight up - honestly; truly; exactly;28. thump mZime dartyma;29. booster damxmare; asistenti; mxurvale mimdevari / momxre; gamaZlierebeli; raketis sastarto mamoZravebeli;30. to overpower moreva (fizikurad); gamarjveba, CaxSoba 31. overpowering dauZleveli, gadametebuli, Warbi, uZleveli;32. shock-absorber amortizatori;33. hold together -to stay or cause to stay united;34. to clear warmatebiT gaiaro, daamtkico raRacis saimedoba;35. intact xeluxlebeli, uvnebeli, mTeli;to stay intact, to suevive intact darCes xeluxlebeli, gadarCes uvnebeli;36. velocity siCqare, siswrafe;37. gauge [geidj] sazomi/gasazomi xelsawyo;38. cut-off line xazi xelsawyoze, romelic aCvenebs gamorTulia;39. to cease to stop, to finish, to end; to come to an end;40. past (windebuli) gverdiT, gverdze, iqve, axlos, -ze meti;to go past sb./sth. Cauaro gverdiT vinmes/rames;41. to reconfigure - to rearrange the elements or settings of (a system, device, computer application, etc) konfiguraciis Secvla, gadaadgileba, gadawyoba;42. weightlessness uwonoba, uwonobis mdgomareoba.De revolutionibus1. passion gataceba, siyvaruli, Jini, Zlieri grZnoba;2. heresy - any opinion or belief that is or is thought to be contrary to official or established theory;First Steps 1. tombstone-['tu:mstoun] saflavis qva;2. ridge [ridj] mTagrexili;3. intercom - an internal telephone system for communicating within a building, an aircraft, etc. ormxrivi kavSiris sistema;

Round Up 1-10 p.113.1. to interfere (with ) xelis SeSla;2. to miss out on sth. xelidan gauSva (Sansi, SesaZlebloba), gakldes;3. to look a mess cudad/ feTxumad gamoiyurebode, cudad gecvas;

WORKBOOKUNIT 10OUT OF THIS WORLDEx.2.p.83.to disintegrate Semadgenel elementebad daSla;Isaac Asimov1. blood transfusion sisxlis gadasxma;2. heart bypass gulis Suntireba;

Take a Space Break 1. to make booking dajavSna (bileTebis, adgilebis);2. suite [swi:t] kompleqti, nakrebi; ramdenime oTaxiani nomeri sastumroSi/ kabineti daweswebulebaSi/ bina;3. to broaden ones horizon gonebis aris/Tvalsawirebis gafarToveba;4. pod a structure attached by a pylon (sayrdeni, bijgi, sveti) to an aircraft and used to house a jet engine (podded engine), fuel tank, armament, etc.5. parkosani mcenaris parki (lobio, barda);6. cluster mtevani, kona, jgufi;7. to float curva, tivtivi;8. Velcro -a fastening consisting of two strips of nylon fabric, one having tiny hooked threads and the other a coarse surface, that form a strong bond when pressed together; e.w. lipuCka9. to accommodate morgeba, Sexameba, adaptireba, uzrunvelyofa;10. average-income family - ojaxi saSualo SemosavaliT; 11. sophisticated modernizebuli, kompleqsuri;12. to back to support; mxardaWera;13. to be intent on gqondes ganzraxva, ganizraxo, daapiro, daJinebiT a. miiswrafvode;14. colonise dasaxleba;15. to fancy to want; to imagine, to think, to consider, to believe;EEEx.1.p. 88.1. shortly soon2. rumour Wori;3. dummy maketi, modeli, fituli, manekeni;4. shroud [raud] Semosva, Sexveva, SefuTva, gadaxurva, gadafareba.

Ex.1 p.90slate fiqali, Siferi.Reading p.911. fitting name Sesaferisi saxeli;1. to be on a course with - to take a direction;1. impact crash, collision, shock, force; dartyma, zemoqmedeba;1. outside chance mciredi /umciresi / mizeruli Sansi;1. intermittently periodulad, drodadro; 1. to cause concerns gamoiwvios SeSfoTeba/ interesi/ problema;1. to project prognozireba, winaswarmetyveleba, dagegmva;1. odds- albaToba, SesaZlebloba, Sansebi;1. to come in to be made;1. to pose a threat damuqreba, safrTxis Seqmna;1. to deflect - to turn or cause to turn aside from a course; swerve; aiZulos mimarTulebis Secvla, gadaxra;1. patch monakveTi, naWeri, loskuti, nakveTi (miwis), sakerebeli;patch of space kosmosis nawili/monakveTi1. Don Quixote [don kwikset]1.don kixoti (servantesis lit. gmiri); arapraqtikuli idealisti, idealisturi;1. feasibility practicability, probability, possibility, likelyhood; Sesrulebadoba, praqtikuloba, SesaZlebloba, albaToba;1. to rule out - 1) to dismiss from consideration 2) to make impossible; preclude or prevent; gamoricxva (SesaZleblobis), xelis SeSla;1. full blown srulmasStabiani1. to mitigate to lessen; Sesusteba;Semsubuqeba; mitigation Sesusteba, Semsubuqeba, 1. worst-case -a situation in which the most unfavourable conditions prevail;yvelaze uaresi SemTxveva, yvelaze araxelsayreli varianti;1. scenario scenari, moqmedebis gegma.