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Chapter 24. Solid and Hazardous Waste. Solid Waste. Types of Solid Waste. Solid Waste. Disposal of Solid Waste. Sanitary Landfills. Problems Associated with Sanitary Landfills. Methane gas production Surface water / ground water contamination Not a long-term remedy - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Problems Associated with Sanitary Landfills
• Methane gas production
• Surface water / ground water contamination
• Not a long-term remedy
• Even when closed, considerable cost
http://www.ecomaine.org/electricgen/index.shtmhttp://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/13/science/earth/13trash.html?pagewanted=all
Problems Associated with Incineration
• Always some air pollution
• Produce large amounts of ash
• Site selection often controversial
• NIMBY
The Special Problem of Plastic
• Shear amount is staggering
• Do not readily breakdown
• Chemical Complexity
Plastics have large macromolecules.
When different types of plastics are melted together they tend to phase-separate, like oil and water, and set in these layers. The phase boundaries cause structural weakness in the resulting material.
Another barrier to recycling is the widespread use of dyes, fillers, and other additives in plastics. Additives are less used in beverage containers and plastic bags, allowing them to be recycled.
The Special Problem of TiresUsing Old Tires
• Crumb Recycling
• Incineration
• Retreads
• Low Grade Rubber
E-Waste1999 average lifespan of a computer 4-6 years.
2005 it dropped to less than 2 years.
Personal computers contain toxic heavy metals such as barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, zinc, nickel and lead.
All of these materials are regulated by the EPA.
http://www.electronicstakeback.com/2011/11/30/new-studies-show-e-waste-exports-still-harming-children-in-china-ghana/
Waste = Food
Pollution Prevention Act 1990Pollution prevention is reducing or eliminating waste at the source by modifying production processes, promoting the use of non-toxic or less-toxic substances, implementing conservation techniques, and re-using materials rather than putting them into the waste stream.
Under this initiative, EPA focuses on an industry-by-industry approach rather than a pollutant-by-pollutant approach to regulatory policy.
Hazardous Waste
Management of Hazardous Waste
• Cleaning Up Existing Toxic Waste: The Superfund Program
Old toxic waste dump site
Cleanup
Super Fund 1980
Superfund National Priorities List (2002)
1234 sites currently listed
259 removed from list
20081255 - Sites Listed332 - Delisted63 New sites proposed
Superfund = abandoned hazardous sites1. A response to “The Love Canal”2. Where does the money come from?• 70% parties responsible pay cleanup
• Those who own the site now and before• Those who transported to the site
• 30% payed for by a tax on polluting companies and or state and federal funds
Love Canal Part Onehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vKIM9sE0t6I&feature=related
Part Twohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MXSE9kcBQCI&feature=related
Georgiahttp://www.epa.gov/region4/waste/npl/index.htm#GA