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CSE’s rou on Improving Energy Access: E Solarization of pumps Solarization of pumps electricit Neha International Water Man 29th M undtable n E volving role of Mini‐grids s to improve water and s to improve water and ty access Dur ga nagement Institute (IWMI) May 2018

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Page 1: SolarizationofpumpsSolarization of ...cdn.cseindia.org/...Solarising-Agri-Pumps_IWMI.pdf · • Power utilities to • The tariff can gov irrigation service • Tariff to represent

CSE’s rouon

Improving Energy Access: E

Solarization of pumpsSolarization of pumpselectricit

Neha International Water Man

29th M

undtable nEvolving role of Mini‐grids

s to improve water ands to improve water and ty access

Durgagnagement Institute (IWMI)May 2018

Page 2: SolarizationofpumpsSolarization of ...cdn.cseindia.org/...Solarising-Agri-Pumps_IWMI.pdf · • Power utilities to • The tariff can gov irrigation service • Tariff to represent

Growth of Sh   d OThreat and O

C l i S l P I ll d ill D 2017

135901

Cumulative Solar Pumps Installed till Dec 2017

103252

50208

18043

2014 15 2015 16 2016 17 2017 182014‐15 2015‐16 2016‐17 2017‐18

Solar Pumps O i Opportunity

• Solar Pumps are growing at a CAGR of 65 percent• Solar Pumps are growing at a CAGR of 65 percent

• Dropping cost, increased affordability with 75‐90 percent capital subsidies by center and state

• Farmers value irrigation control‐ Surface water to Groundwater Irrigation, solar pumps give them ultimate control

• They can irrigate in day time, whenever they need to, not when there is water in canal or when there electricity

• But since there is no marginal cost to pumping, farmers will have no incentive to economon energy‐water use. Is it a curse or a blessing?

Page 3: SolarizationofpumpsSolarization of ...cdn.cseindia.org/...Solarising-Agri-Pumps_IWMI.pdf · • Power utilities to • The tariff can gov irrigation service • Tariff to represent

Energy Divide Map                                   Groundwwater Map                             Energy Consumption

Page 4: SolarizationofpumpsSolarization of ...cdn.cseindia.org/...Solarising-Agri-Pumps_IWMI.pdf · • Power utilities to • The tariff can gov irrigation service • Tariff to represent

Water Scarce and ElectricityWater Scarce and Electricity 

• Solarize electric p

• Allow farmers to gremunerative tari

• Institutionalize by• Institutionalize by

• Power utilities to 

• The tariff can govirrigation service 

• Tariff to represent

India’s First Soin Early 2016• Already SKY and K

• Discussions on ins

Abundant RegionsAbundant Regions

pumps and net‐meter them

generate their own power,  sell excess power to grid at a iff

y making feeder level solar cooperativesy making feeder level solar cooperatives

give long term power purchase guarantee at this tariff

vern groundwater demand and  terms of trade in local markets

t the “Right” scarcity value of energy and water

olar Cooperative was set up in Dhundi Villagep p g

KUSUM Schemes have been announced

stitutional models for Feeder Level Solar Cooperatives

Page 5: SolarizationofpumpsSolarization of ...cdn.cseindia.org/...Solarising-Agri-Pumps_IWMI.pdf · • Power utilities to • The tariff can gov irrigation service • Tariff to represent

Water Abundant Energy Scar

• The eaafford

• High lhas re

• Yield aBengaBenga

• The n

• Irrigatand ch

• Due tomarke

• Solar ISM tISMs t

Chakhaji, Samastipur, Bihar220 cultivators,115 acres, 2600 plots

rce Eastern India

astern regions, the well density is high but there is scarcity of dable energy  

and fragmentation, scarcity of land and expensive diesel irrigaesulted in low productivity agriculture 

and cropping intensity, both are low compared neighboring Walal

eed is to catalyze competitive irrigation service markets.

tion Service Markets thrived in western India owing to flat rateheaper electricity and available surplus with farmers.

o low margins on diesel irrigation sale and well‐owner centric ets, ISMs were present in eastern India, but they never thrived

Power Irrigation service providers could catalyze the much net i Bih ’ A i lt Ch kh ji Pil tto energize Bihar’s Agriculture – Chakhaji Pilot

Page 6: SolarizationofpumpsSolarization of ...cdn.cseindia.org/...Solarising-Agri-Pumps_IWMI.pdf · • Power utilities to • The tariff can gov irrigation service • Tariff to represent

Diesel ISM

5 HP Surface Diesel PumpFl ibl PiFlexible PipesRs 40/Katha or Rs 120/hrDoes not work in pre‐monsoon seasonAv. # of buyers/seller                           41H f i i ti / ll 180Hours for own irrigation/seller        180    Hours of irrigation sold/seller           699                                      

Solar ISM

• 5 HP Submersible Solar Pump• 1000 ft buried pipelines split in different directions• 1000 ft buried pipelines, split in different directions• Rs 20/katha or Rs 90‐100/hr• Works in pre‐monsoon season• Av. # of buyers/seller                           81• Hours for own irrigation/seller 207

             • Hours for own irrigation/seller          207    • Hours of irrigation sold/seller            2064

Page 7: SolarizationofpumpsSolarization of ...cdn.cseindia.org/...Solarising-Agri-Pumps_IWMI.pdf · • Power utilities to • The tariff can gov irrigation service • Tariff to represent

Existing Solar Pump Policy V

2‐3 kWp Solar Pumps at 90 percent subsidy 

Individual Pumps, largely not usable in pre‐Individual Pumps, largely not usable in premonsoon

Higher subsidy, limits number of beneficiaries

Underground pipeline is not included because theUnderground pipeline is not included because the objective is individual use

Access and affordability is improved only for limited solar pump owners

In a country where majority of the farmers are wIn a country where majority of the farmers are wsell water can increase access and creating comp

Vs ISP Model

• 5 HP ‐ 5 kWp Pumps at 40 percent subsidy with loan component.

• Usable through out the season

• Subsidy is transferred to the water buyers in terof availability of cheaper and reliable irrigation

• Water distribution system‐ underground pipelinensures less losses due to leakage and creates aenvironment of water selling business

• Access and affordability trickles down to water buyers

• Eventually connect the solar pumps to a local microgrid or a set‐up an entire feedermicrogrid or a set‐up an entire feeder

water buyers incentivizing well/pump owners towater buyers, incentivizing well/pump owners to petition amongst sellers will create affordability 

Page 8: SolarizationofpumpsSolarization of ...cdn.cseindia.org/...Solarising-Agri-Pumps_IWMI.pdf · • Power utilities to • The tariff can gov irrigation service • Tariff to represent

Stage 1• Build a cluster of ISPs  –

Competitive ISM  

Stag• Develop a cluste

flourish• Affordable and accessible water 

for irrigation/drinking• Faster know

amongs• Local capacithappen becauseand concentra

maint

ge 2er of villages  with hing ISMs

Stage 3• Use solar pumps to sell back surplus electricity  via dedicated 

wledge transfer st villagersty building will e of the increased 

feeders (if domestic electricity supply infrastructure is 

developed) or; • Solar Pumps to energise 

i idated demand of tenance  

microgrids

Page 9: SolarizationofpumpsSolarization of ...cdn.cseindia.org/...Solarising-Agri-Pumps_IWMI.pdf · • Power utilities to • The tariff can gov irrigation service • Tariff to represent

Thank For More Infor

[email protected]@cig

yourmation gmail.comar.org