Solardyne Corporation Renewable Home Power …lib.store.yahoo.net/lib/solardyne/solardynedesignguide.pdfSolardyne“ Corporation Renewable Home Power Design Guide Call 503-830-8739

Solardyne“ Corporation Renewable Home Power Design Guide Call 503-830-8739

Solardyne“ Corporation Renewable Home Power Design Guide Call 503-830-8739 1

Website: www.solardyne.com Email: [email protected] ” 2001 Solardyne Corp., all rights reserved.1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DESIGN OVERVIEW __________________________________________________ 2

STEP 1 - YOUR LOAD _________________________________________________ 3

STEP 2 - YOUR RESOURCE ____________________________________________ 4

STEP 3 - YOUR OBJECTIVES __________________________________________ 5

STEP 4 - YOUR SYSTEM_______________________________________________ 6

SOLAR ARRAY SIZING WORKSHEET ________________________________________________ 6TYPICAL INVERTER SIZES: _____________________________________________________________ 7WIND POWER SIZING WORKSHEET _________________________________________________ 8AIR 403 POWER AND ENERGY CURVES: __________________________________________________ 9WHISPER H40 AND H80 POWER AND ENERGY CURVES: ____________________________________ 10WHISPER 175 RATED AT 3000 WATTS: _________________________________________________ 10

SOLARDYNE HOME POWER SYSTEMS _______________________________ 10

GRID-TIE _________________________________________________________________________ 11STAND-ALONE_____________________________________________________________________ 12



Design Overview

Welcome to the world of being your own energy provider. The sun and wind are ampleresources of energy, and the following design guide will assist in some of the decisionmaking so critical to a successful renewable energy system.

STEP 1 – YOUR LOAD

The first step in designing your solar and/or wind home power system is to firstdetermine how much power and energy you need. (Energy conservation appliances willlower your system requirements and cost).

You need to determine how much power you need at any one time (by adding up all ofthe appliances that will be running at the same time), and how much energy (power overtime) you use per day, or per month in Kilowatt-hours. (hint: your electric bill shouldhave this information, Kwh’s/month) Once you have your power and energyrequirements, you can begin the process of configuring a system.

STEP 2 – YOUR RESOURCE

The next step is to assess how much renewable energy is available at your location. Todo this, look at the solar and wind resource maps from the DOE to gain a basicassessment of what is available. Keep in mind, every location has some “microclimate”,or unique circumstances that may aid, or hinder, your system’s performance.

STEP 3 – YOUR OBJECTIVES

Now that you know your requirements in terms of power and energy (step 1), and weknow how much solar and wind energy you have available at your location (step 2), wecan determine your objectives and the best system to meet those goals. Renewableenergy systems are modular, so you can always upgrade and expand your system.Over-sizing your inverter (the AC interface you have with your home power system) toaccommodate your anticipated growth should also be considered. Some otherquestions to consider are: Do you want your solar/wind home power system to beconnected to the grid? Do you want to be independent with battery storage? If so, howmany days of storage in between charges would you like? Do you want a solar, wind, ora combination of both to power your home power system? When you answer thesequestions on the worksheet then you are ready to configure your system.

STEP 4 – YOUR SYSTEM

Now we have everything we need to configure the most cost-effective equipment foryour solar/wind home power system. Fill in the accompanying worksheet to work out thespecifics of your Renewable Home Power System.

Your essential information will start with how many kilowatt-hours per month you need.This is what your target is from your renewable energy home power system. Please visitour systems on page 12 and see which system best meets your needs.



STEP 1 - YOUR LOAD

A quick method to determine your load is to look at your electric bill and look for Kilowatt-hours per month (kWh’s per month is your energy load).

With your kWh’s per month, divide by 30.41 (days) to get your kWh’s per day. Enter thisbelow in section 1. If you wish to calculate your load by hand, you can enter yourappliances individually below.

Section 1. Calculate your AC loads.

Use this work sheet to determine the total amp-hours per day used by all the AC and DCloads you wish to power. The figures below are examples of typical values.

1. List all AC loads, wattage and hours of use per day in the spaces below. Multiplywatts by Hours/Day to get Watt-Hours per day (WH/day.) Add up all of the watt-hours per day for each appliance to determine your load in terms of total watt-hoursper day.

AC Appliance: Hours of Daily Usage X Appliance Watts = Daily Watt-Hours used

Microwave 0.5 x 600 = 300Lights (x4) 6 x 40 = 240Hair Dryer 0.75 x 750 = 563Television 4 x 100 = 400Washing Mach. 1 x 375 = 375

x =

x =

x =

x =

Add lines 1-5: Total WH/Day = 1,878

2. Multiply your watt-hours/day (WH/Day) by 1.2 to correct for inverterlosses: ____2,253_

3. Please enter the number of days of autonomy you’d like from your battery(autonomy is the length of time in between charges, typically 1-5 days)

______3___

4. Please enter in your system DC voltage, (12 VDC for small systemsunder 1 kilowatt, 24 VDC for medium systems 1kw-2.5kw, or 48 volts forlarger systems)

______24__

5. Divide total watt-hours/day (step 2) by the DC system voltage (step 4) toyield the Total Amp-hours per day used by AC loads

______94__



6. Calculate DC loads (if any), As above please list wattage, hours of useper day, and the product of those two which gives Watt-hours per dayused.

DC Appliance: Hours of DailyUsage X

Appiance Watts=

Daily Watt-Hoursused

Lights (x4) 3 x 32 = 96x =x =x =x =x =x =x =x =

Add lines 1-5: Total WH/Day = 96

7. Add up all of the DC Watt-hours from step 6 and divide by the system DCvoltage (step 4) to get total Amp-hours per day for DC loads:

_____4____

8. Add up total Amp-hours of energy used by both AC (step 5) and DC loads(step 7) to get the total Amp-hours per day:

_____98___

STEP 2 - YOUR RESOURCE

The next step is to determine how much solar and/or wind energy you have at yourlocation. Please use the following maps.

UNITED STATES SOLAR AVERAGES



Please enter your wind power class level_______ (left column).

STEP 3 - YOUR OBJECTIVES

What kind of system are you looking for?

STAND-ALONE GRID-TIE� Solar � Solar� Wind � Wind� Solar/Wind � Solar/Wind

� Batteries (yes with wind,optional with solar)



STEP 4 - YOUR SYSTEM

SOLAR ARRAY SIZING WORKSHEET

Use this worksheet to figure the total number of solar modules required for your system.To find the average sun hours per day in your area (line 3), check local weather data orlook at the map on page 3. If you want year-round autonomy, use the lowest of the twofigures. If you only want 100% autonomy in Summer, use the higher figure. The peakamperage of the module you will be using can be found in the module specifications.You can also get close enough if you divide the modules Wattage by the peak powerpoint Voltage (usually 17-18.5 VDC).

1. Total average Amp-Hours per day of your load. (Step 8) ____98__

2. Multiply line 1 by 1.2 to compensate for battery charge/discharge ____117_

3. Average Sun Hours per day in your area (see map above) ____6___

4. Divide line 2 by line 3. This is the total solar array amps required ___19.5_

5. Optimum or peak Amps of solar module used (see module specs) ____5.71_(Siemens SR100 rated at 100 watts 17.5 VDC, 5.71 Amps

6. Divide line 4 by line 5 to get total number of modules in parallel ____3.41_

7. Round off to the next highest whole number. ____4___

8. Number of modules in each series string to provide DC battery voltage(For 12 Volt DC system-1, for 24 VDC-2, for 48 VDC-4.) ____2___

9. Multiply line 7 by line 8 to get total number of modules required ____8___

If you require a battery bank, please complete the following section.

10. Enter your daily Amp-hour requirement (Step 8): ___98___

11. Multiply daily Amp-hours, above, by the number of days autonomy you’veSelected (Step 2) ___294__

12. Enter the Depth-of-Discharge for the battery you have chosen. This provides asafety factor so that you can avoid over-draining your battery bank (Example: ifdischarge limit is 20% use 0.2). This number should not exceed 0.8:

___0.5___

13. Divide the Daily Amp-hours (line 11) by the Depth-of-Discharge (line12): ___588__

14. Select the multiplier below that corresponds to the average wintertimeambient temperature your battery bank will experience: ___1.19__



Ambient Temperature Multiplier:80F 26.7C 1.0070F 21.2C 1.0460F 15.6C 1.1150F 10.0C 1.1940F 4.4C 1.3030F -1.1C 1.4020F -6.7C 1.59

15. Multiply the Daily Amp-hours (line 13) by line 14. This calculation ensures thatyour battery bank will have enough capacity to overcome cold weather effects. Thisnumber represents the total battery capacity you will need:

____699__

16. Enter the Amp-hour rating of the battery your considering: ____400__

Examples: Concord 12 VDC 275 Amp-hoursAGM 6 VDC 400 Amp-hoursROLLS 6 VDC 375 Amp-hoursTrojan L-16 6 VDC 350 Amp-hours

17. Divide the total battery capacity (line15) by the battery capacity (line 16), andround off to the next highest number. This is the number of batteries in parallel required:

____2____

18. Divide the nominal DC system voltage (12, 24 or 48) by the battery voltage andround off to the next highest number. This is the number of batteries wired in series:

(In this example 24/6): ____4____

19. Now multiply line 17 times line 18 to reach the total number of batteries required: ____8____

20: Correctly size the inverter you’ll need by adding up all of the appliances that willrun at the same time, (Step 1.) and multiply by 1.25, and round up to the next invertersize: (1,878 x 1.25 = 2,345): ___2500__

Typical Inverter sizes:

500 watts1500 watts2500 watts4000 watts5500 watts8000 watts11,000 watts



System Summary:Example:

Daily Watt-hours needed: _______ (step 2) 1,878 WhrsSafe Battery Size in (Ah) needed: _______ (line 15) 699 AhrsProperly sized inverter: _______ (line 20) 2500 WattsTotal number of PV Modules needed: _______ (line 9) 8 SR-100’sTotal number of Batteries needed: _______ (line 19) 8 AGM-400’s

Now you have the essential information to properly size your Solar Home PowerSystem.

WIND POWER SIZING WORKSHEET

To determine how much wind power you have at your location, please refer tothe wind map. Wind power is divided into 7 zones. Each zone represents aspan of wind speeds (see below).

33 foot altitude 77 foot altitudeWindPowerClass

Wind PowerDensity (W/m2)

Speed (b)m/s (mph)

Wind PowerDensity (W/m2)

Speed (b)m/s (mph)

0 0 0 01 100 4.4 (9.8) 200 5.6 (12.5)2 150 5.1 (11.5) 300 6.4 (14.3)3 200 5.6 (12.5) 400 7.0 (15.7)4 250 6.0 (13.4) 500 7.5 (16.8)5 300 6.4 (14.3) 600 8.0 (17.9)6 400 7.0 (15.7) 800 8.8 (19.7)7 1000 9.4 (21.1) 2000 11.9 (26.6)

Refer to your wind power class level to determine your average wind speed.

In the case of solar modules, the rating is independent of the type of panel youuse, as the industry convention rates panels at Standard Test Conditions, (i.e.1000 watts/m2 at 77 degrees F, and through an Air Mass of 1.5).

In the case of wind generators it’s not so simple. Wind generators are usuallyrated at a 27 mph wind speed. Each wind generator type has differentperformance at different wind speeds. To gauge how much power and energy(power over time) that a given wind generator can produce, please reference thegraphs below.

Turbine RatingAir 403 400 wattsWhisper H40 900 wattsWhisper H80 1000 wattsWhisper 175 3000 watts



To determine the best wind generator for your load we need to calculate yourmonthly demand for energy in Kwh’s per month.

Enter your total watt-hours per day of your load. (Step 1): ___1,878

Multiply this number by 1.2 to compensate for battery charge/discharge: ___2,258

Divide this number by 1000 to determine total Kwh’s per day required to chargeyour system: ___2.258

Multiply this number by 30.41, (average number of days in a month): ___68.66

This is the number of Kwh’s per month your wind generator (and/or Solar PVsystem) must produce to fully power your system as described above.

___68.66

To size a specific wind generator, based on your average wind speeds look upyour corresponding energy production. If it’s over 68.66 Kwh’s/month then youcan use a wind generator to power your home power system under this example.

The following charts allow you to predict the amount of energy (kWh/month) thatyou can expect your wind generator to produce each month on average. Eachwind generator behaves differently under different wind speeds. The larger theblade diameter, for example, the more effective in low wind speeds. Most windgenerators have the same cut-in speed, the minimum wind speed required tostart the blades turning, of 7.5 mph. Most wind-generators are rated at a wind-speed of 27 mph.

AIR 403 Power and Energy Curves:

The AIR 403 is an excellent wind generator (world’s best selling), and is veryrugged in the field.



WHISPER H40 and H80 Power and Energy Curves:

WHISPER 175 rated at 3000 Watts:

There are several things you can do to increase the production of your windgenerator. First, the higher your tower the more wind speed is generallyavailable. The power of a wind generator increases by the cube of the windvelocity. Therefore, doubling wind speed delivers an 8-fold increase in power.Another factor which helps is to locate your turbine as high as possible relative tothe surrounding land, also, as clear from any obstructions like trees, or buildings.

Wind generators have improved greatly over the last 20 years as moreexperience in the field has lead to a more robust manufacture. The mostimportant maintenance you can do is a periodic visual inspection of your windgenerator. Are there any chips or damage to the blades? Blades must bebalanced or wear will develop on the generator. Many wind generators havesealed bearings on the Yaw top-of-pole mount, but periodic inspection is alsorecommended. At least 1 acre of land should be considered for largerinstallations. Tower kits are of the hinged, and guy-wire types. Tower kits canbe stand alone, or roof/or side mounted.

Solardyne Home Power SystemsFor your convenience, we have configured the most common renewable energysystems available. The following systems are designed to meet all NECrequirements, and are reliable and easy to install. Depending on your location,



these systems will qualify you for state and federal rebates and tax credits, aswell as net-metering through your local utility. Each system below will provide allof the components, less wiring, that you will need to produce renewable energy.*Systems are based on 6 sun hours/day and 12mph wind speeds.

Grid-Tie Small Medium LargeSolar

Mounts:� Ground� Roof

Output: 152 kWh’s/mo

MSX 120 panels 8Suntie 1.0 kVA InverterInput: 42-85VDC,Output: 240V 60Hz 1


MSX 120 panels 16Suntie 2.0 kVA InverterInput: 42-85VDCOutput: 240V 60Hz 1


MSX 120 panels 20Suntie 2.5 kVA InverterInput: 42-85VDCOutput: 240V 60Hz 1

Wind Ouput: 100 kWh’s/mo

Whisper H40 turbine 24V30’ Tower Kit 1Surrette Batteries 8PS2524 Inverter 1DC175 Disconnect 1


Whisper H80 turbine 24V30’ Tower Kit 1Surrette Batteries 8DR2424 Inverter 1DC 175 Disconnect 1


Whisper 175 turbine 48V47’ Tower Kit 1Surrette Batteries 16SW4048 Inverter 1DC 250 Disconnect 1

Solar/Wind



Whisper H40 24VMSX 120 panels 430’ Tower Kit 1Surrette Batteries 8DR2424 Inverter 1DC175 Disconnect 1


Whisper H80 24VMSX 120 panels 430’ Tower Kit 1Surrette Batteries 8DR2424 Inverter 1DC 175 Disconnect 1


Whisper 175 48VMSX 120 447’ Tower Kit 1Surrette Batteries 16SW4048 Inverter 1DC 250 Disconnect 1



StandAlone

Small Medium Large

Solar Output: 76 kWh’s/mo

MSX 120 panels 4Surrette Batteries 4DR1512 Inverter 1Input: 12VDC,Output: 120V 60Hz 1DC 175 Disconnect 1


MSX 120 panels 8Surrette Batteries 8DR2424 InverterInput: 24VDCOutput: 120V 60Hz 1DC 175 Disconnect 1


MSX 120 panels 16Surrette Batteries 16SW4048 InverterInput: 48-85VDCOutput: 120V 60Hz 1DC 250 Disconnect 1

Wind Ouput: 60 kWh’s/mo

AIR 403L turbine 24V27’ Tower Kit 1Surrette Batteries 8DR2424 Inverter 1DC175 Disconnect 1


Whisper H80 turbine 24V30’ Tower Kit 1Surrette Batteries 8DR2424 Inverter 1DC 175 Disconnect 1


Whisper 175 turbine 48V47’ Tower Kit 1Surrette Batteries 16SW4048 Inverter 1DC 250 Disconnect 1

Solar/Wind



AIR 403 24VMSX 120 panels 430’ Tower Kit 1Surrette Batteries 8C40 Charge Controller 1DR2424 Inverter 1DC175 Disconnect 1


Whisper H80 24VMSX 120 panels 430’ Tower Kit 1Surrette Batteries 16C40 Charge Controller 1DR2424 Inverter 1DC 175 Disconnect 1


Whisper 175 48VMSX 120 447’ Tower Kit 1Surrette Batteries 16SW4048 Inverter 1C40 Charge Controller 1DC 250 Disconnect 1

Congratulations on being your own power provider! Please call our team at 503-830-8739, or e-mail us at [email protected] for prices and availability.

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Solardyne Corporation Renewable Home Power …lib.store.yahoo.net/lib/solardyne/solardynedesignguide.pdfSolardyne“ Corporation Renewable Home Power Design Guide Call 503-830-8739