SEMINAR ON SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC:BASIC

& APPLICATION

HISTORY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC

The term “Photo” comes from the Greek meaning “light”, and “voltaic”, from the name of the Italian physicist “Volta”.

Solar Cells were first used in Vanguard I satellite, launched in 1958.

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SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC

Solar photovoltaic is a field if solar energy utilization by which solar energy is converted into electrical energy or electricity using a device called photovoltaic(PV) cell or solar cell.

SOLAR CELL

A solar cell (photovoltaic cell or photoelectric cell) is a solid state electrical device that converts the energy of light into electrical energy or electricity

Generations OF SOLAR CELL

SOLAR CELLS ARE OF THREE TYPES:1.First generation2. Second generation3.Third generation

FIRST GENERATION SOLAR CELL

SECOND GENERATION SOLAR CELL 1.AMORPHOUS SILICON CELLS

2.POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON ON LOW COST SUBSTRATE

3.COPPER INDIUM DISELENIDE (CIS) CELLS

4.CADMIUM TELLURIDE CELLS

THIRD GENERATION SOLAR CELL

WORKING OF SOLAR CELL

MANUFACTURING OF SOLAR CELLSTEP 1. CRYSTAL GROWING

1.CHARGING

2.MELTING

3.GROWING

4.COOLING

Step 2. Crystal growing

1.CUTTTING

2.SQUARING

3.SLICING

Step 3. Converting wafers into cells

1.ETCHING

2.DIFFUSING

3.COLOURING AND PRINTING

STEP 4. SOLAR PANEL ASSEMBLY

1.STRINGING CELLS INTO SOLAR PANELS

2.SOLDERING

3. FRAMING

4. INSPECTION AND SHIPPING

APPLICATIONS

1.RURAL ELECTRIFICATION

1. WATER PUMPING

2. STREET LIGHTING

3. HEALTH CARE

2. INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION

1. OCEAN NAVIGATIONS

2. TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

3. REMOTE MONITORING AND CONTROL

4. BUILDING INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC

5. SOLAR CAR

6. CONCENTRIC SOLAR POWER

7. CONSUMER PRODUCTS

8. CATHODIC PROTECTION

3. ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION IN THE SPACE

4. PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER STATIONS

ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS

1.The solar photovoltaic systems are safe, clean and quiet to operate, environmentally friendly no pollution is made. 3. The running cost of solar photovoltaic systems are very minimal. 4. No use of conventional fuels sources.5. Fuel used in the solar photovoltaic systems is almost free.6. Minimal maintenance requirements for the systems.7. The solar photovoltaic systems can serve for long lifetime, up to 30 years. 8. Solar photovoltaic systems can generate large amount of electricity for power plants.9. No hazardous emissions are carried out by the system.

DISADVANTAGES

1. High initial cost for instalments of the system.2. PV cannot operate without light weather conditions are so affect the systems like rainy day. 3. Large area needed for large scale applications.4. PV generates direct current: special DC appliances or inverters are needed in off-grid applications energy storage is needed, such as batteries.5. PV systems are not well suited for highly energy-intensive uses such as heating. 6. Grid-connected systems are rarely economical, primarily because the current cost of the PV technology is much higher than the cost of conventional energy.

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