58 JOURNAL O F CHEMICAL EDUCATION

ogy and another in chemistry and a list of equipment for general aus, consecutive, reverse and complex reactions, integral conver- science. Teachertraininginstitutions willwelcome thisbookwith sion equations for nonflow and flaw reactions, space velocity, re- its additional problems and projects and selected references. It ia actions of comnlex order. chain reactions. internretatition of laho- indeed a bookm science teaching

GRETA OPPE

0 THE CHEMISTRY OF ACETYLENE

Julius A. Nieuwland, Late Professor of Chemistry, University of Notre Dame, and Richard R. Vagt, Professor of Chemistry, Uni- versity of Notre Dame. Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York, 1945. xi + 219 pp. 15 X 23.5 cm. $4.00.

THIS 99th of the A. C. 6. monograph series is a fitting tribute to Father Nieuwland and his pioneering work in the field of acetylene chemistry. The book is an exhaustive bibliography of the work of more than a thousand men in the field and contains severd hundreds of references to papers and the patent literature. Un- fortunatelv. due to delays in completion and ~ublication of the

optimum reactor design, equivalent reactor volume, severity factors, prediction of entropy, and enthalpy of activation. In- deed, a masterly combination of physical chemistry and chemical engineering!

Similar treatment is given in the other four chapters. Numer- ous illustrated examples are used throughout the book, 29 such problems are used in this part to illustrate the principles discussed. Many of the examples are taken from the published papers of the two authora who hrtvecontributedextensively to this field. These have been largely in the field of gas-phase reectians and explain the emphasis on this part of the broad subject of kinetics. A wider selection of illustrative material and problems would be de- sirable, but can well await a later revision. Certainly, the chemi- cal engineer who masters the material given here can accept the challenge of any kinetics problem. The treatment of catalysis is strictly from the viewpoint of its mechanism in relation to the kinetics of the process.

A number of chemical engineering departments have endeav- . . work, the literature o& be consi;lered complete to ored to train their students in this field with courses on engineer- ,"=.a inp kinetics or process rates. This book is essential for all such L?,"".

In monoeaph, as in most, when the authors C O & ~ S and will lead to the establishment of similar courses in other departments. A chemical engineer must be able to predict

reporting work of their own, the picture is detailed and discrimi- the of process variables on yields as well as the of nating. it is in a to which they have liot operational variables on heat transfer and other unit operations directly contributed, e. g., addition of nonmetallic elements and involved. This book, like the other two parts, does an invaluable compounds (except acetals) to acetylene, statements are made service in broadening and rounding out the training of the chemi- less positively. In such cases the work of other men and the cal engineer. Every physioal chemist should have the three parts

literature is cited without evaluation. The present writer of "Chemical Process Principles" to learn what the chemical en- .~~~~~ does not mean to imply that i t can be otherwise.

An adeqnate author and subject index is included. LEALLYN B. CLAPP

BROWN U K I V E ~ ~ S T T P~OMDENCB. R ~ D B IBLIND

CHEMICAL PROCESS PRINCIPLES. Part 111: Kinetios and Catalysis

Olaf A. Hougen a n d Kenneth M. Watson, professors of chemical engineering, University of Wisconsin. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1947. xlviii + 303 pp. 64 figs. 14 X 22 cm. 54.50.

HOUCEN AND WATSON in 1931 published "Industrial Chemical Caldations," which was rearranged and rewritten in the second edition of 1936. This t,ext was widely adopted in chemical engi- neering for courses in technical calculations covering stoichiome- try, material and heat balances, and the appliorttions of physical chemistry. This material has again been rewritten entirely a t a somewhat more advanced level, renamed "Chemical Process Prinoiples," andissued in three separate parts. Part I covers Ma- terial and Energy Balances, Part I1 covers Thermodynamics, and Part 111 covers Kinetics and Crttdysis. The pagination is con- tinuous throughout the three parts so that Part 111 contains pages 805 to 1107, a i d chapters 18 22. The author and subjectindex is for all three parts.

The five chapters in Part 111 cover homogeneous rertctions, 97 pages; catalytic reactions, 71 pages; miss and heat trsnsfer in catalytic beds, 36 pages; catalytic reactor designs, 42 pages; anduncatalyzed heterogeneous reactions, 57 pages.

The subheads in the chapter on homogeneohs reactions are in- dicative of the way in which the fundamental physical chemistry has been combined with the practical chemicalengineering to give a presentation that is rigorous and a t the same time immediately annlicable to the nrablems the chemical eneineer faces in desien- . . ing n renctrw or pwdicting its produ~.ririr)- uudcr changed con li- tions. The imlamaut ~ublwnds me: l h w y o i absolute rcncticn m:r. .\rrl.enius e luutio~.. difiweutial rate cqualinns. sinwltnne-

gineer does with his physical chemistry.

KENNETH A. KOBE UNIVERBLTT 01 T E X A S

A o ~ N . TEXAS

0 WATERBURY'S HANDBOOK OF ENGINEERING- WITH TABLES

H. W. Reddick, W. M. Lansford, C. 0. Mackey, H. H. Higbie, a n d H. S. Bull. Fourth edition. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New Yark, 1947. xix + 386 pp. 126 figs. 7.5 X 14 cm. 52.50.

Tnrs VEST-POCKET handbook gives important equations in mathematics, mechanics, hydraulics, hest engineering, and elec- trical engineering. I ts 113 pages of tables cover logrtrithm, trigonometricfunctions, and the steam tables.

The engineer who desires a handbook which by test willactually fit ins. vest pocket will find this bookexcellent.

KENNETH A. KOBE Umvsssm OP T n u s

Ausnx. TEXAS

SOILLESS GROWTH OF PLANTS

Carleton Ellis a n d M. W. Swaney. Second edition. Re- vised and enlarged by Tom Eastwood, alericulturist, Lago Oil and Transport Co., Ltd., Aruba, Curacao, N. W. I. Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1947. x + 277 pp. $4.75.

During the nine years that have elapsed since the 6rst printing of this book considerable oommercial experience has been oh- tained in soilless culture of various crops. Some of these develop- ments came out of the work of Tom Eastwood as he worked the field of hydroponics on the islands of Aruba and Curacao of the Netherlands West Indies. This work was instituted on Aruba, a barren island, by the Lsgo Oil and Transport Company, Ltd., s subsidiary of Standard Oil of New Jersey, in an effort to supply their personnel withgreenvegetables. The ShellOilCompsnyalso

JANUARY, 1948 99

became interested as a. result of their success in this work rtnd

sis of o~erstional ~rocedures necessarv to set UP a soilless culture unit.

The topics covered inolude, as chapter titles indicate, General plant physiology, General types of soilless culture, Water culture, Sand culture, Gravel culture, The nutrient solution, Techniem control of the nutrient solution, Technical control of the pltlnt culture, General plant culture, Commondetrimentsspeoialchemi- cals, and Analysis of the nutrient solution. He also has an excel- lent selected Reference List of additional information on the topic.

Numerous illustrations both in color and black and white of the various commercial installations throughout this country as well as those carried out by the Army on Ascension Island, at Atkinson Field, British Guiana, rtnd on Iwo Jima help to make the book very interesting.

The book's two hundred and sirty-five pages are packed with satisfactory pertinent information for the general reader as well as the specidi.list. Hobbyists will realize that this is an interesting field and that it has definite possibilities, but also that there are many attendant problems, and hydroponicsis no plaything forthe uninitiated or poor technician.

The reviewer after some experience in the field feels this is the ont,st,andinn book on hvdrooonics. It is well written. on excellent ~~~ - ~~~ < .

stock, and in readable type. If you want some good first-hand information about this field do not pass this book by.

aetcristics, lstost data on composition, and a bibliography for each oil Listed.

The book is well printrd on good paper, better illustrated than the original text, and wcll bound. Lists of references are conveni- ently placed after each subdivision of the text. and three mod in- d & h t authors, botanical names, and topics. There is a tsn- taliaing superfluity of preliminary supplements and a little con- fusion as to the names of some of the early authors quoted (both taken over from the original), but neither of these minor defects would disturb earnest readers.

"Natural Perfume Material" deserves to stand as a smaller companion volume to "The Volatile Oils," by Gildemeister and Hoffmann. This translation and Mr. Sagarin's own book on "The Soience and Art of Perfumery" (McGraw-Hill, 1945) serve to fill the gap that has too long hindered searchers in the field of essential oils and aromatic materials.

NEW YORX Crm New Yonr

FLORENCE E. WALL

0 ADVANCES IN CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY: Volume I1

Edited by W. W. Pigman, Institute of Paper Chemistry, Appleton, Wisoonsin, M. L. Wolfrom, The Ohio State University, and Stanley Peat, The University of Birmingham, England. Aca- demic Press, Inc., New York, 1946. xi + 323 pp. 15.5 X 23.5 Em. $6.60.

recall the structural difference between glucose and fructose, but NATURAL PERmTME MATERIALS: A Study of Con- not many cduld diagram, offhand, the manner in which they are cretes, Reainoids, Floral Oils and Pomades hound tawtber insucrose. Neither could they outline the ex~eri-

Y. R. Naves a n d G. Mazuyer, translated by Edward Sagarin. Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York, 1947. xviii + 331 pp. 46 figs. 15 X 23 om. $6.75.

Tae ARTS of perfumery have been so long shrouded in mystery that this field of study has seldom been accorded the serious con- sideration it deserves from scientific investigators. This book, in- tended to show the possibilities far interesting andvaluable experi- mental work on perfumes, should therefore he welcomed by teachers of chemistry who are looking for new and different av- enues into which to direct the talents of researchersunder their charge.

The original text, published in Paris in 1939 as "Les Parfums Neturels," was the work of two specialists in the perfume indus- try: Dr. Yves R. Naves, professor of chemistry at tho University of Geneva. oonsultant for the firm of Givelidan in France: and

~ ~. ~~ ~~~~ . rlw litc Chlni~l \l:axuyvr, a xkilled pwfumvr, .,,tog wirh the firw uf Auroizm Cl>iris, XI Gr.+.i:t.. It has lw+n wvll r r ~ ! & ~ ~ d hy k:d- ward Szyarin, oi G i v x u d : t r ~ - l > r l a n ~ ~ ~ r ~ ~ , I IW, nv.d, rorning now, while all France is trying to recover from seven years of war, this workmay be considered thelatest word on the subject.

As the method of obtaining the raw materials of perfumes by distillation bas bccn described in many works of reference since the earliest times. these authors have limited their discussion to met,hods of diee&n. enfleware (extraction bv cold fats). and ex-

by the ancient Egyptians and Arebists. No other book so ade- quately and impartially presents the advantages and disadvan- tages of d l thew less familiar methods of producing the raw ma- terials of perfumes.

In four parts, the authors give: (1) a well-documented his- torical sketch of the natural perfume industry; (2) a survey of modern methods of producing natural floral oils; (3) the compa- sition and analysis of products obtained by digestion and extrac- tian; and (4) over a hundred monographs on floral oils and rcsin- oids. These monographs, which are exdlent , include tho origin, best method of preparation, yields, chemical and physical ehar-

mental p k f for such a structure. All this is much to be regretted for there are few other fields of

chemistry in whioh logical reasoning bas taken experimental re- sults and oomtructed such a. complex yet beautiful picture. The details of this picture were slow in developing for the structure of the fundamental monosaccharide units had first to he established. Then as the structure of starch and cellulose became known and more techniques were devised, the accumulsted knowledge fur- nished the tools necessarv to unlock s. host of nature's other se- crets.

We are now seeing the bountiful harvest resultingfrom the cul- tivation of this field during the past sixty years by Fiseher, Kil- liani, and the others who followed them. The structures of many different natural products w e now being elucidated and each seems to fit into a pattern like the figures of a delicate tapestry. There curring units of this pattern are the familiar monosaccha. rides, their bexuronic acids, and the oorrespondingpentosans, In the carbohvdrate-like materials found in zooloeical associations other rw~~rr ing unitr, 2-mlino ~Iucose, and 2-3wtnn~hlc glurore, r e n . Zlothilal: is more fmeinating than trte partrrn of nature a r d it is unforttrn;~rr tlrat this field rcninins a e lo s~ I h u k to so many.

The subject of this review is the second volume of a projected series which will contain critical integrating reviews of important developments in carbohydrate chemistry. The reviews are in- tended not only for carbohydrate chemists hut also for research workers in other fields and for teachers. I n addition to the broad field of the csrbobydrates, including sugars, polysaccha- rides and glycosides, the reviews will cover, as far as space will permit, bioohemicsl, analytical, and industrial developments.

Volume I1 of the series conforms very well to the above de- scription. Of the ten reviews whioh it contains, five describe the chemical composition of naturally occurring materials, three are concerned with resetions involved in the synthesis of compounds closely related to the carbohydrates, one with the interrelation of carbohydrate and fat metabolism, and a final section with cellu- lnso ethers of industrial significance.

The reviews eoncorned with natural products inolude: Mele-